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For Vladimir Putin, the optics could not be better.

More than two and a half years into his war in Ukraine, he is shaking hands this week with not just one world leader, or two, but more than 20.

China’s Xi Jinping, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the new Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian…there’s even Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the leader of a NATO member state and EU candidate country.

They have all come to the Russian city of Kazan for the BRICS summit of emerging economies.

As you might expect, the Russian president was positively beaming as he sat down with various heads of state for a string of one-on-one meetings.

The message from the Kremlin is loud and clear – the West’s efforts to isolate Russia have not worked. Instead of losing friends, Moscow has made them.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, right, and Chinese President Xi Jinping shake hands during their meeting on the sidelines of BRICS Summit at Kazan Kremlin in Kazan, Russia, Tuesday, Oct. 22, 2024. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko, Pool)
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Mr Putin and Mr Xi shake hands during their meeting on the sidelines of BRICS Summit. Pic: AP

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“It shows something about the weakness of the sanctions regime,” Mark Galeotti, principal director of Mayak Intelligence, told Sky News.

“There was a lot of exaggerated sense as to how the West could put a stranglehold on Russia, and many countries are, frankly, not willing to play those games.

“It highlights the degree to which in this incredibly complex, multi-connected, modern world, it’s very hard to actually isolate any country, especially one as large and as engaged in global commerce as Russia.”

Vladimir Putin embraces Narendra Modi during their meeting on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia
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Mr Putin embraces Narendra Modi during their meeting on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in Kazan. Pic: Reuters

The first BRIC summit was in 2009, involving Brazil, Russia, India and China. South Africa joined in 2010 to add the S on the end of the acronym.

For much of the last decade and a half, the group has been dismissed by economists as an alphabet soup of countries – too spread out and fundamentally different from one another to form any meaningful alliance.

But in the last few years, it has grown more significant and seemingly influential.

‘A powerful platform’

The group has expanded its membership to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Arabia has also been invited to join, and according to Russia, there are dozens of other countries that want to become part of the club.

That’s despite Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and the West’s attempts to cast Mr Putin as a war criminal.

“A lot of countries in the Global South are really tone deaf to rhetoric about Russia breaking the rules,” Alexander Gabuev, director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, told Sky News.

Handshake between Putin and Xi will be key moment at BRICS but temperatures are high

Nicole Johnston

Asia correspondent

@nicole_reporter

For China, the BRICS conference is another opportunity to show the West that when it comes to its multi-polar vision of the world it’s not alone.

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin are united in actively challenging the US-led international order.

One of the key moments of this BRICS will be a handshake between these leaders.

Behind it though the international temperature is high.

The US has imposed sanctions on two China-based companies and their alleged Russian business partners, accusing them of supplying complete weapons systems to Russia for its war in Ukraine.

Previously China was accused of sending dual-use items like machinery tools and semiconductors to Russia, but not complete weapons.

The US Treasury Department said China and Russia had collaborated to produce Moscow’s ‘Garpiya series’ of long-range unmanned aerial vehicles.

There are two dozen countries with emerging economies also attending the BRICS summit who are not yet members.

Clearly interest from countries in the “global south” is strong.

But for many of them it’s not about choosing the West or China. It’s about having options in an increasingly complicated and fragmented world.

“All the questions ‘what about Iraq?’ are not driven by Russian propaganda points but by genuine concern about the US abusing its role as the most powerful country.

“They realise that the current international order underwritten by the US doesn’t really deliver for them and they don’t know what the alternative is but BRICS is really a powerful platform where these issues can be discussed.”

Top of the agenda this week is an alternative platform for international payments, which Mr Putin hopes will end the dominance of the dollar and make the BRICS economies immune to Western sanctions.

Because despite all the talk of sanctions not having the desired effect, they have caused Russia problems.

It’s been cut off from international markets, and more recently, the country’s had difficulties with cross-border trade, even with friendly countries like China, because it’s linked to the dollar and there’s a threat of secondary sanctions by the US.

An entirely new system, not involving the dollar, would bypass those issues. But it’s unlikely to come to fruition this week.

For one, the idea is still in its infancy. What’s more, not all the BRICS members, like India and Brazil, share Mr Putin’s anti-Western sentiment.

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“There is concern among these countries about how close you want to move towards Russia or an agenda that’s seen as enabling this horrible war from Russia in Ukraine,” Mr Gabuev said.

Brazil and India are not alone. Saudi Arabia and Turkey also share strong ties with the West. Their presence in Kazan can be seen more as an attempt to play both sides, rather than overt support of Russia.

But that does not seem to matter to the residents of Kazan. Most people we have spoken to here view the summit as the Kremlin intends.

“This is a wonderful event,” Alexandra told us. “I think that this will be a breakthrough and that the world has become multipolar.”

Alexei is another who is proud of his president.

“He is looking in all directions and it’s bearing fruit,” he said. “If someone thinks we’re isolated, it is probably only their problem.”

Not everyone shares that opinion, though.

Favaris points to Russia’s closer ties with North Korea: “If you are friends with an outcast, then you have fallen lower than ever.”

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Inside a secret, underground military base in eastern Ukraine

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Inside a secret, underground military base in eastern Ukraine

A hidden, underground military base in eastern Ukraine is so secret, soldiers change into civilian clothes whenever they step outside to avoid drawing attention.

Journalists are not usually allowed access.

But the unit that has been using this vast, subterranean warren of war rooms, a dormitory, kitchen, canteen and makeshift gym as its headquarters since the summer is imminently relocating, so Sky News was invited inside.

Lieutenant Colonel Arsen Dimitric – call sign Lemko – is the chief of staff of 1st Corps Azov of the National Guard of Ukraine, one of the country’s most effective combat forces.

Lemko
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Lemko

He sat with us in the base, next to a large square table, covered by a map of the Donbas region.

His soldiers have been fighting in this area since the summer, countering a surge in Russian attacks in and around the frontline city of Pokrovsk.

“We aim to destroy as much of the enemy as possible,” he said.

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“Will we take losses? Yes. Will it hurt? Absolutely.”

But he said if Russia is allowed to advance, even more Ukrainians will suffer.

“Their [the Russians’] only advantage is numbers,” he said.

“They don’t care how many people they lose.”

Lemko said almost 17,000 Russian soldiers had been killed or wounded fighting in this section of the warzone alone between August to November.

Read more:
Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack

Ukrainian video footage of the battlefield showed Russian armoured vehicles being taken out by drones and artillery fire.

At one point, Russian soldiers mounted on motorbikes try to advance, only to be stopped by Ukrainian fire.

“Our task is to hit them as hard as possible in various areas,” Lemko said. “We focus on our operations, others on theirs, and leadership will negotiate the best possible terms.”

The Azov Corps soldiers are fighting over land that should be handed over to Russia, according to an initial draft of a peace deal proposal between Kyiv and Moscow put forward by the United States. This is despite swathes of the Donbas remaining under Ukrainian control.

But General Oleksandr Syrskyi, the head of the Ukrainian armed forces, has since told Sky News that simply surrendering territory would be “unacceptable”.

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Giving up territory ‘unacceptable’, Ukraine’s military chief says

For Lemko, he says the job of his troops is to inflict as much damage as possible on the Russian side to help strengthen Ukraine’s hand in negotiations.

“Simply giving it [land] away isn’t the way,” he said.

“Diplomats do their work, we do ours. Our job as soldiers is to give as many advantages as possible to our negotiating team. And we’re doing exactly that.”

Lemko, who has been battling against Russia since the Crimean annexation in 2014, also had a warning for the rest of Europe about a rise in hybrid attacks, such as mysterious drone sightings, acts of sabotage and cyber hacks suspected of being linked to Moscow.

He said Ukraine’s experience showed that if attacks by Russia that fall under the threshold of conventional war are not successfully countered, full-scale conflict could follow.

“Ukraine once lost a hybrid war that had been waged since the very start of our independence,” he said.

“Because of that defeat, there was a physical operation against us in Crimea and then a physical operation in 2022.

“Now the hybrid war has reached its climax, and it is moving into the Baltic States and Europe.

“That is why, in my opinion – and in the opinion of most of our officers – now is the moment for all countries to unite and counter this hybrid war. Because the consequence may be a physical one.”

Production: Katy Scholes, security and defence producer, and Azad Safarov, Ukraine producer.

Camera operator: Mostyn Pryce

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At least 25 people dead after major fire at nightclub in Goa, India

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At least 25 people dead after major fire at nightclub in Goa, India

At least 25 people have been killed after a fire at a nightclub in Goa, the state’s police service has said.

The fire reportedly started around midnight on Saturday local time.

The majority of victims were kitchen staff at the club – although around three to four tourists are thought to be among those killed.

Videos on social media showed emergency services lining up to help the injured – some of whom were taken to nearby hospitals.

Dr Pramod Sawant, Goa’s chief minister, said: “I am deeply grieved and offer my heartfelt condolences to all the bereaved families in this hour of unimaginable loss.”

He later said he was “closely reviewing the situation arising from the tragic fire” – adding six additional people had been injured.

“All six injured persons are in a stable condition and are receiving the best medical care,” he said.

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Pic: NDTV
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Pic: NDTV

Fire at nightclub in Goa. Pic: NDTV
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Fire at nightclub in Goa. Pic: NDTV

Authorities worked through the night to bring the situation under control and all bodies have been recovered, the state’s police chief told reporters, according to Reuters news agency.

India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the deadly fire was “deeply saddening”.

He said he had spoken with Goa’s chief minister and that “the state government is providing all possible assistance to those affected”.

Dr Sawant said he has “ordered an inquiry” to discover what happened after visiting the site.

Pic: AP
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Pic: AP

“The inquiry will examine the exact cause of the fire and whether fire safety norms and building rules were followed,” he said.

“Those found responsible will face most stringent action under the law – any negligence will be dealt with firmly.”

Goa, a small state on India’s western coast, is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of tourists every year.

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Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack amid peace talks

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Russia hits Ukraine with massive missile and drone attack amid peace talks

Russia launched a massive missile and drone attack on Ukraine overnight, after US and Ukrainian officials said they would meet for a third day of talks aimed at bringing the war to an end.

The two sides said they had made progress on a security framework for post-war Ukraine, but that any “real progress toward any agreement” will depend “on Russia’s readiness to show serious commitment to long-term peace.”

Russia launched 653 drones and 51 missiles in its attack on Ukraine, triggering air raid alerts across the country, Ukraine’s air force said.

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Giving up territory ‘unacceptable’ – Ukraine’s military chief

Ukrainian forces shot down and neutralised 585 drones and 30 missiles, the air force said, adding that 29 locations were struck.

At least eight people were wounded in the attacks, Ukraine’s minister of internal affairs Ihor Klymenko said.

Russia conducted a “massive missile-drone attack” on power stations and other energy infrastructure in several regions, Ukraine’s national energy operator Ukrenergo said on Instagram.

Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant temporarily lost all off-site power overnight, the International Atomic Energy Agency said.

The plant is in an area that has been under Russian control since early in Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine. It is not in service, but needs reliable power to cool its six shutdown reactors and spent fuel in order to avoid any catastrophic nuclear incidents.

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Russia struke a train station in the city of Fastiv. Pics: Reuters
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Russia struke a train station in the city of Fastiv. Pics: Reuters

Zelenskyy condemns ‘meaningless’ strikes

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy condemned the strikes as “meaningless” from a military point of view.

He said energy facilities were the main targets, but a drone strike had “burned down” a train station in the city of Fastiv, in the Kyiv region.

“The Russians’ goal is to hurt millions of Ukrainians, and they have sunk so low that they are launching missiles at peaceful cities on St. Nicholas Day,” he said.

“That is why additional pressure is needed. Sanctions must work, and so must our air defence, which means we must continue to support those who defend our lives.”

Ukraine strikes oil refinery

Meanwhile, Russia’s defence ministry said its air defences had shot down 116 Ukrainian drones over Russian territory overnight.

The General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces said Ukrainian forces had struck Russia’s Ryazan Oil Refinery, while Russian Telegram news channel Astra shared footage appearing to show a fire breaking out and plumes of smoke rising above the refinery.

Over the last few months, Ukraine has used long-range drones to target Russian refineries in an attempt to deprive Moscow of the oil export revenue it needs to continue the war.

Meanwhile, Kyiv and its Western allies say Russia is trying to cripple Ukraine’s power grid and deny civilians access to heat, light and running water in winter, which Ukrainian officials call “weaponising” the cold.

On Monday, Mr Zelenskyy will meet Sir Keir Starmer in London to discuss the ongoing negotiations mediated by the US, along with French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz.

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