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Chancellor Rachel Reeves has finally unveiled the budget for 2024. Here are the key points:

This page is being updated, refresh to see more as it’s announced.

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Taxes

• The budget raises taxes by £40bn.

National Insurance contributions for employers (not employees) will increase by 1.2 percentage points to 15% from April 2025.

The point at which employers start paying NI will fall from £9,100 a year to £5,000 a year. This will raise £25bn per year.

• The lower rate of capital gains tax (CGT) on the sale of assets will increase from 10% to 18%. The higher rate will go from 18% to 24%. CGT on the sale of residential property will also increase from 18% to 24%.

Tax thresholds will rise, meaning the point at which people pay higher taxes will be increased. These tax bands had been frozen. But this freeze will end in 2028 and the bands will increase at the rate of inflation.

• The freeze on inheritance tax will continue for a further two years until 2030. This means the first £325,000 can be inherited tax-free, rising to £500,000 if the estate is passed to direct descendants, and £1m if it’s passed to a surviving spouse or civil partner.

• From tomorrow the stamp duty surcharge for second homes, or ‘higher rate for additional dwellings’, will increase by two percentage points to 5%.

Benefits

• Health and employment services for people who are disabled and long-term sick will get £240m in funding.

• The minimum wage for people 21 and over will rise by 6.7% to £12.21 an hour. This is the equivalent of £1,400 a year for a full-time worker. Workers aged 18 to 20 will see their minimum wage increase by 16.3% to £10 an hour.

• People will now be able to earn £10,000 or more while claiming Carers Allowance. This will mean an extra £81.90 for those newly eligible.

• The household support fund will receive £1bn to help those in financial hardship with the cost of essentials.

• A new fair repayment rate will mean Universal Credit claimants who have been accidentally overpaid will only have to pay back 15% of their allowance each month, falling from 25%. This means a gain of around £420 a year for roughly 1.2 million of the poorest households.

• Businesses will get an increase in employment allowance, which will mean 65,000 employers won’t pay any National Insurance at all next year with the allowance growing from £5,000 to £10,500. This will mean more than a million businesses will pay the same or less than they did previously.

Business rates relief will fall from the current 75% down to 45% for retail, leisure and hospitality businesses.

NHS / Health

• The day-to-day NHS budget will increase by £22.6bn. There will also be a further £3.1bn investment in its capital budget.

• This will facilitate 40,000 extra hospital appointments and procedures every week and will include £1.5bn for new hospital beds.

Social care

• Local government will receive funding worth “at least” £600m for social care.

Housing

• An investment of £5bn in housing, which will increase the affordable homes programme to a budget of £3.1bn.

• In addition, £1bn will be spent on the removal of dangerous cladding, implementing the findings of the Grenfell inquiry.

Fuel duty

Fuel duty will be frozen this year and next, with the existing 5p cut maintained.

Alcohol duty

• A cut to draft alcohol duty of 1.7%, which could make drinks cheaper by 1p.

• The tax on tobacco will rise at the rate of inflation plus an additional 2%. There will also be an extra 10% on rolling tobacco.

• There will be a new flat rate duty on all vaping liquid from next October.

Schools / education

• VAT will be introduced on private school fees from January 2025 and business rates relief for private schools will be removed from April 2025.

• Some 500 state schools that are old and not fit for purpose will be rebuilt at a total cost of £1.4bn. There will be an extra £300m for school maintenance each year, which will cover dealing with RAC concerns.

• The budget for free school breakfast clubs will be tripled to £30m, in 2025 and 2026. The core budget for schools will also rise by £2.3bn next year.

• An investment of £300m for further education and £1bn for children with special educational needs (SEN).

Transport

• The HS2 rail link between Old Oak Common in west London and Birmingham has been confirmed. Tunnelling work will also begin on extending the line to London Euston.

• Air passenger duty on private jets will rise by 50%, which is the equivalent of £450 per passenger.

Windfall taxes

• The energy profits levy on oil and gas companies will increase to 38% until March 2030.

Defence

• The annual defence budget will fall below 2.5% of GDP next year – with an increase of £2.9bn for the Ministry of Defence.

• A commitment of £3bn a year for Ukraine for “as long as it takes”.

Economy

Public finances will be in surplus, rather than in deficit, by the 2027-2028 financial year. The government claims this means reaching stability two years earlier than planned.

• The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) predicts UK GDP growth to be 1.1% in 2024, 2.0% in 2025, 1.85% in 2026, 1.5% in 2027, 1.5% in 2028, 1.6% in 2029.

• The OBR expects public sector net borrowing to be £105.6bn in 2025-26, £88.5bn in 2026-27, £72.2bn in 2027-28, £71.9bn in 2028-29 and £70.6bn in 2029-30.

• Consumer price index (CPI) inflation will hit 2.5% this year, according to OBR forecasts. Next year it will rise to 2.6% before falling to 2.3% in 2026, 2.1% in 2027, 2.1% in 2028 and 2% in 2029. It’s the goal of the Treasury to bring inflation down to 2%. The Bank of England has raised interest rates to bring the rate of price rises to 2%.

The Budget

• The price of soft drinks will rise, with an increase to the drinks levy in line with inflation every year. Nearly £1bn a year will be raised thanks to the measure.

• All government departments will have their budgets reduced by 2% next year. This will be achieved by “using technology more effectively and joining up services across government”.

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Hammond-backed outsourcer Amey among bidders for £300m Telent

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Hammond-backed outsourcer Amey among bidders for £300m Telent

An outsourcing group backed by Lord Hammond, the former chancellor of the exchequer, is among the suitors circling Telent, a major provider of digital infrastructure services.

Sky News has learnt that Amey, which endured years of financial difficulties before being taken over by two private equity firms in 2022, has tabled an indicative offer to buy Telent.

Industry sources expect a deal to be worth more than £300m, with a next round of bids due later this month.

Amey is part-owned by Buckthorn Partners, where Lord Hammond is a partner.

The outsourcer was previously owned by Ferrovial, the Spanish infrastructure giant, but ran into financial trouble before being sold just over two years ago.

It announced earlier this week that it had completed a refinancing backed by lenders including Apollo Global Management, HSBC and JP Morgan.

Amey is understood to be competing against at least one other trade bidder and one financial bidder for Telent.

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Once part of Marconi, one of Britain’s most famous industrial names, Telent ended up under the control of JC Flowers, the private equity firm, as part of a deal involving Pension Insurance Corporation, the specialist insurer, several years ago.

It provides a range of services to telecoms and other communications providers.

Amey declined to comment, while Telent could not be reached for comment.

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Business

Post Office targets £100m-plus fee hike from banking deal

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Post Office targets £100m-plus fee hike from banking deal

The Post Office is proposing a big hike in the fees that banks pay to allow their customers to access its network as it attempts to secure additional funding to boost postmasters’ pay.

Sky News understands that more than two dozen banks and building societies are considering a proposal submitted to them recently by the Post Office that would see the next banking framework costing them between £350m and £400m annually – up from about £250m-a-year under the current deal.

Banking sources said the roughly 30 high street lenders were due to respond to the Post Office’s proposal in the early part of the spring.

A deal costing the banks at least £350m a year is expected to be finalised by the autumn, the sources added.

The additional proceeds from the next agreement, which expires at the end of this year, will be used in part to strengthen the new deal for sub-postmasters unveiled by Post Office chairman Nigel Railton in November.

Under the banking framework agreement, the 30 banks and mutuals’ customers can access the Post Office’s 11,500 branches for a range of services, including depositing and withdrawing cash.

The service is particularly valuable to those who still rely on physical cash after a decade in which 6,000 bank branches have been closed across Britain.

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In 2023, more than £10bn worth of cash was withdrawn over the counter and £29bn in cash was deposited over the counter, the Post Office said last year.

A new agreement with the banks will come at a critical time for the Post Office, whose new leadership team is trying to place it on a sustainable long-term footing.

Reliant on an annual government subsidy, the reputation of the network’s previous management team was left in tatters by the Horizon IT scandal and the wrongful conviction of hundreds of sub-postmasters.

A Post Office spokesperson said: “Our partnership with 30 banks and building societies ensures that no one who relies on cash is left behind, made possible by our postmasters in almost every community of the country.

“We do not comment on ongoing negotiations.”

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Business, the economy and the pound in your pocket – what to expect from 2025

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Business, the economy and the pound in your pocket - what to expect from 2025

UK business goes into the new year in a surly mood.

New Chancellor Rachel Reeves‘s hike in employer’s National Insurance contributions (NICs) in her autumn budget will raise the cost of employing people and that is likely to have an impact on both hiring and investment.

For individual sectors, there are specific challenges: the car industry, for example, is still grappling with the threat of penalties where electric vehicles are too low a proportion of their overall sales.

Consumer-facing businesses are also under considerable pressure, not only from the rise in employer’s NICs but also the forthcoming rise in the national living wage, something which particularly hurts the hospitality sector.

That sector, along with retail, also faces a challenge in that consumer confidence remains subdued.

The plight of retailers was underlined by a spate of profit warnings just before Christmas, since when there has been evidence of weak footfall in the sales period.

It is not all doom and gloom though with, for example, conditions in the house building sector expected to gradually improve during 2025.

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The new year will also pose other challenges.

Businesses of all shapes and sizes will spend an increasing amount of time trying to figure out how to incorporate generative artificial intelligence into their operations.

US president-elect Donald Trump
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US president-elect Donald Trump. Pic: Reuters

And, for some big multinationals and exporters, there may be a further headwind in the form of tariffs imposed by the incoming Trump administration in the US.

Multinationals doing business in or with France and Germany may also see their earnings hit by the tepid economic conditions in both countries – with activity in the latter put on hold until after the snap election in February.

Flatlining economy

The UK economy is flatlining, at best, as it enters the new year.

From being the fastest growing economy in the G7 during the first half of 2024, the UK stagnated during the third quarter of the year as the incoming government ladled on the doom and gloom in a bid to underline what it presented as its dire economic inheritance, hitting business and consumer confidence in the process.

Things may actually have worsened since then, as the latest figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest the economy contracted during October, while the Purchasing Managers Index survey data from S&P Global for November point to a contraction in activity in that month too.

The Bank of England expects the economy to have flatlined during the final three months of the year.

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Why has growth ground to a halt?

The forthcoming rise in employer’s NICs is likely to have a dampening effect on activity although, in all probability, this is more likely to show up in depressed hiring activity, rather than a significant rise in unemployment, since there remain more than 800,000 unfilled job vacancies in the economy.

The UK’s long-running skills shortages – a consistent factor during the first quarter of this century – continue to drag on growth.

Unfortunately, neither households or businesses can expect the Bank of England to ride to the rescue, with the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) now likely to deliver fewer interest rate cuts during 2025 than had been expected even a few months ago.

The headline rate of inflation, which rose to 2.6% in November, is likely to remain stubbornly above the bank’s target rate throughout the year and that will continue to be a cause for concern for the MPC.

The biggest cause of economic uncertainty faced by the world in 2025, though, is whether Donald Trump will press ahead with the tariffs he promised US voters during the presidential election campaign and, if he does, whether other countries will respond in kind – sparking a damaging trade war that would hit global growth.

The UK, the EU and Japan have all indicated they would seek to avoid tit-for-tat retaliatory measures – but China is unlikely to take such an approach.

Mixed picture for household finances

Household finances will be mixed in the UK during 2025.

Consumer confidence began to fall in November, even as the Bank of England was cutting interest rates, while the latest political monitor from pollsters Ipsos Mori suggest that two-thirds of Britons expect the UK’s general economic condition will deteriorate over the next 12 months.

An increase in the household energy price cap in January and in water bills in April will also eat into disposable incomes.

More damaging still will be a rise in council tax bills in April after the government gave local authorities permission to raise council tax by up to 5%.

Most are expected to do so – saddling one household in every 10 with an annual council tax bill of more than £3,000.

Adding to the pressure will be higher shop prices.

Food inflation, which had been falling since early 2023, began to rise again in September 2024 and that will continue because all of the UK’s biggest grocery retailers, including Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Marks & Spencer – have warned that the hike in employer’s NICs will result in higher prices.

Weighed against that is the likelihood of at least two interest rate cuts from the Bank of England, benefiting households with mortgages, although would be first time buyers will still find housing affordability a challenge.

It must also be remembered that, with employment at record levels, the vast majority of UK households ought to be able to at least maintain their standard of living provided the main breadwinner remains in work.

Wages have tracked above the headline rate of inflation now for the best part of two years – although earnings growth is likely to slow in the second half of the year as employers grapple with their higher tax bill

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