The battle for control of Thames Water’s future has deepened after a second group of bondholders tabled a fully underwritten offer to provide £3bn of new debt.

Sky News has learnt that the utility’s class B bondholders submitted a proposal to the company on Thursday morning which aims to trump a rival offer from its class A creditors.

The submission of the class B group’s legally binding agreement sets up a tussle between some of the world’s largest pension funds, hedge funds and insurers for a key role in determining the fate of Britain’s biggest water company.

Thames Water, which has about 16 million customers, is scrambling to avert the threat of insolvency and temporary nationalisation as it seeks a compromise from Ofwat, the industry regulator, over its spending plans for the next five years.

The company’s shareholders have already abandoned plans to inject billions of pounds into it, describing it as uninvestible.

The tabling of the latest proposal will put pressure on Thames to reconsider its public support for a more expensive deal with the class A group, which includes the likes of Silverpoint and Elliott Advisors, the American hedge funds.

One of the members of the class B group said its plan provided Thames Water with “a deliverable and binding offer to address the company’s immediate funding needs”.

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Amid a dispute with the class A debtholders about the relative cost to Thames Water of their proposals, the source said the class B financing would provide “twice the capital at a far lower cost and on more flexible terms”.

They added that it was open to all Class A and Class B holders.

It was unclear whether Thames Water would be able to engage on the class B proposal under the terms of the deal the company has already endorsed with the class A group.

The class B plan has been assembled and financed in less than a fortnight by DC Advisory, the investment bank, and law firms Quinn Emmanuel Urquhart & Sullivan and Sidley Austin.

The Class B debtholders have calculated that Thames Water could save approximately hundreds of millions of pounds in interest payments and fees over a 12-month period if the company switches its backing to their proposal.

Alastair Cochran, Thames Water’s chief financial officer, said last month that the Class B group’s proposals, which include funding lent at an interest rate of 8%, were insufficiently detailed to garner the board’s support.

A separate equity-raising process is being run by bankers at Rothschild, with Sky News revealing last weekend that KKR, the American private equity behemoth, is the latest party to express an interest in a deal.

Any substantial pay packages for Thames Water executives – particularly at one standing on the brink of collapse – arising from the deal would be highly contentious, with the government recently having established an independent review of the industry that will look at far-reaching reforms.

A significant incentive plan would also be controversial given that Thames Water will require forbearance from Ofwat, the industry regulator, in terms of substantial fines and other penalties it is likely to have to pay because of its dire record on sewage leaks and wastage.

A spokesman for the class B group, whose members include BlackRock, the world’s biggest asset manager, declined to comment.

A Cambridge semiconductor company has defied the tough funding environment for early-stage businesses by securing £16m to fuel its expansion.

Sky News understands that Forefront RF, which was set up in 2020, will announce this week that it has raised the money from new venture capital backers Octopus Ventures and Cambridge Innovation Capital, as well as existing investors BGF and Foresight Group.

Forefront RF is a fabless semiconductor company which makes multi-band smartphones, wearable and Internet of Things-connected devics simpler to design.

Its technology aims to solve some of the challenges presented by printed circuit board (PCB) size limitations, enabling mobile devices to manage complex radio frequency environments.

The Series A fundraising takes the total sum raised by Forefront RF to nearly £25m.

The company employs 17 people, and intends to use the new capital to support a major product launch in 2026.

Ronald Wilting, Forefront RF chief executive, said its innovation would “help device manufacturers create smaller, more powerful wearables that support a wider range of communication bands”.

Mr Wilting, a former executive at Ericsson and Qualcomm, joined the company in 2022.

“[Forefront RF’s] patented technology will revolutionise how mobile devices are designed, reducing complexity, and streamlining supply chains,” said Owen Metters, investor at Octopus Ventures.

“The continuing proliferation of cellular-enabled devices means there is a significant opportunity for technology such as [the company’s flagship product] ForetuneTM.”

Donald Trump’s victory was secured on an unequivocal promise to stretched American households that he would “end inflation”, but markets and economists are anticipating his second term will do the opposite.

A combination of corporate tax cuts, government borrowing, lower migration and swingeing tariffs on overseas imports are all expected to heat up the American economy and stoke price rises.

Bond yields on 10-year US Treasuries, effectively the price of borrowing for the American government, were up by 3.6% overnight, rising more than 15 basis points to above 4.4% as European markets opened.

That signals investors believe that borrowing will rise, and the Federal Reserve will be forced to slow rate cuts in order to tackle inflation.

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A clearer picture will emerge on Thursday when Federal Reserve chairman Jay Powell, who Mr Trump said will not be reappointed, announces the next move on rates.

Markets still expected a 0.25 percentage point cut (a similar move to that anticipated from the Bank of England earlier in the day) but Mr Powell’s comments will be scrutinised for signals of what Trump 2.0 means for the prospect of further cuts.

But higher prices for consumers are not necessarily bad news for corporate America, with the dollar surging against sterling and the euro as swing states fell to Mr Trump, and Wall Street futures trading indicating a rally when they reopen with him confirmed as president-elect.

Shares in US banks were boosted with J.P. Morgan, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley all up more than 6% in pre-market trading, along with Tesla, boosted by more than 13% as markets anticipate a dividend for Elon Musk’s campaign-trail support.

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Defence stocks were higher too and not just in the US – BAE Systems and Rolls Royce were both up – reflecting likely pressure on America’s NATO allies to make good on their commitments to increase spending.

Bitcoin was also positive in anticipation of a more benign regulatory environment from a president who used the campaign platform to launch his own cryptocurrency.

By contrast renewable holdings, the target of much of Joe Biden’s economic stimulus, were in negative territory, with wind and solar priorities likely to be replaced by a pledge to “drill baby, drill”.

Of most concern to America’s trading partners and allies will be Mr Trump’s promise to erect barriers to free trade.

The man who said tariffs “is the most beautiful word in the world” has pledged a 60% levy on Chinese imports and 10% on those from elsewhere, a deeply protectionist move that could trigger a trade war with China and the EU.

These can only increase prices in the US, with importers paying the levies at the point of entry, and other trading blocs likely to respond in kind.

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The EU has already imposed its own 35% tariff on Chinese EVs to the dismay of the continent’s carmakers the measure is intended to protect.

While these tensions play out, post-Brexit Britain, a relatively small player outside the major trading blocs, is likely to be a spectator.