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A Samsung Electronics Co. 12-layer HBM3E, top, and other DDR modules arranged in Seoul, South Korea, on Thursday, April 4, 2024. 

SeongJoon Cho | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Samsung Electronics was once the dominant player in a type of semiconductor known as memory, putting it in a great position to capitalize on the boom of artificial intelligence.

But the South Korea electronics giant has now fallen behind its long-time rival SK Hynix in next-generation chips that have been key component for AI silicon leader Nvidia. The result? Samsung’s profit has plunged, around $126 billion has been wiped off its market value, according to data from S&P Capital IQ, and an executive issued a rare public apology about the company’s recent financial performance.

Memory is a critical type of chip used to store data, and it can be found in a plethora of devices from smartphones to laptops. For years, Samsung was the undeniable leader in this technology, ahead of South Korean rival SK Hynix and U.S. competitor Micron.

But as AI applications such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT rose in popularity, the underlying infrastructure required to train the huge models they rely on became a bigger focus. Nvidia has emerged as the top player in this space with its graphics processing units (GPUs) that have become the gold standard used by tech giants for AI training.

A crucial part of that semiconductor architecture is high-bandwidth memory, or HBM. This next generation of memory involves stacking multiple dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, but it had a small market before the AI boom.

That’s where Samsung got caught out and failed to invest.

“HBM has been a very niche product … for a long time and Samsung has not focused its resources on its development,” Kazunori Ito, director of equity research at Morningstar, told CNBC by email.

“Due to the difficulty of the technology involved in stacking DRAMs and the small size of the addressable market, it was believed that the high development costs were not justified.”

SK Hynix saw this opportunity. The company aggressively launched HBM chips which were approved for use in Nvidia architecture and, in the process, the South Korean firm established a close relationship with the U.S. giant. Nvidia’s CEO even asked the company to speed up supply of its next generation chip, underscoring the importance of HBM to its products.

SK Hynix posted record quarterly operating profit in the September quarter.

“With strong R&D (research and development) investments and established industry partnerships, SK Hynix maintains an edge in both HBM innovation and market penetration,” Brady Wang, associated director at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC by email.

Samsung told CNBC that, in the third quarter, total HBM sales grew more than 70% quarter-on-quarter. The tech giant added that the current product known as HBM3E is in mass production and generating sales.

The South Korean tech company noted that development for its next-generation HBM4 is “underway according to plan” and that the company is targeting starting “mass production” in the second half of 2025.

Can Samsung make a comeback?

Analysts said that Samsung is lagging behind competitors for a number of reasons, including underinvestment in HBM and the fact that it is not a first-mover.

“It is fair to say that Samsung has not been able to close the gap with SK Hynix on the HBM development roadmap,” Morningstar’s Ito said.

Samsung struggling to execute as they have in the past, analyst says

Samsung’s ability to make a comeback in the short term appears to be closely linked to Nvidia.

A company must pass a strict qualification process before Nvidia approves it as a HBM supplier — and Samsung has not yet completed this verification. But a green light from Nvidia could open the door for Samsung to return to growth and compete more effectively with SK Hynix, according to analysts.

“Since NVIDIA holds more than 90% of the AI chip market, where most HBMs are used, NVIDIA’s approval is critical for Samsung to benefit from the robust demand for AI servers,” Ito said.

A Samsung spokesperson said that the company has made “meaning progress” regarding HBM3E and has “completed an important phase in the qualification process.”

“We expect to start expanding sales in the fourth quarter,” the spokesperson said.

Meanwhile, Wang noted that Samsung’s strength in research and development, as well as the company’s semiconductor manufacturing capacity that could help it catch up to SK Hynix.

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OpenAI rolls out ‘ChatGPT for Teachers’ for K-12 educators and districts

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OpenAI rolls out 'ChatGPT for Teachers' for K-12 educators and districts

ChatGPT for Teachers

Courtesy of OpenAI

OpenAI on Wednesday announced ChatGPT for Teachers, a version of its artificial intelligence chatbot that is designed for K-12 educators and school districts. 

Educators can use ChatGPT for Teachers to securely work with student information, get personalized teaching support and collaborate with colleagues within their district, OpenAI said. There are also administrative controls that district leaders can use to determine how ChatGPT for Teachers will work within their communities. 

OpenAI said it is initially launching ChatGPT for Teachers with a cohort of districts that represent roughly 150,000 educators. ChatGPT for Teachers will be free to K-12 educators in the U.S. through June 2027, the company said. 

“Our objective here is to make sure that teachers have access to AI tools as well as a teacher-focused experience so they can truly guide AI use,” Leah Belsky, vice president of education at OpenAI, told reporters during a briefing. 

The company said student data will be protected and that anything shared within ChatGPT for Teachers will not be used to train its models. 

Read more CNBC tech news

OpenAI rocketed into the mainstream following the launch of its generic ChatGPT chatbot in 2022. It’s faced criticism from teachers and parents who argue that students can use the tool to cheat and avoid engaging in critical thinking.

ChatGPT for Teachers is not intended for students, but OpenAI said giving teachers hands-on experience with AI tools will help them understand and establish best practices in their classrooms.  

“Every student today is growing up with AI, and teachers play a central role in helping them learn how to use these tools responsibly and effectively,” the company said in a blog post. “To support that work, educators need space to explore AI for themselves.”

In July, OpenAI released a product within ChatGPT called “study mode.” Study mode was built with college-age students in mind, and it aims to help them work through problems step-by-step before they arrive at an answer.

OpenAI said it built study mode as “a first step in a longer journey to improve learning in ChatGPT.”

WATCH: Investors believe OpenAI will become the largest hyperscaler: The Futurum Group CEO Daniel Newman

Investors believe OpenAI will become the largest hyperscaler: The Futurum Group CEO Daniel Newman

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Block’s stock pops 9% on gross profit forecast, 3-year financial outlook

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Block's stock pops 9% on gross profit forecast, 3-year financial outlook

Block says gross profit in 2028 will approach $16 billion as company unveils 3-year outlook

Block said Wednesday that it expects gross profit to increase in the mid-teens annually for the next three years, reaching about $15.8 billion in 2028.

At the payment company’s first investor day event since 2022, Block unveiled a three-year financial outlook. The announcements land as Wall Street has turned skeptical on Block’s prospects, pushing the stock down by more than 30% in 2025, while major indexes have notched solid gains.

Block shares were initially halted around the time of the announcement and then jumped 9% when trading resumed.

The fresh guidance also comes two weeks after Block reported quarterly results, missing revenue estimates for a sixth straight time. Block has been diversifying away from its point-of-sale business, which has become increasingly crowded, launching more services tied to Cash App and offering artificial intelligence tools to sellers.

Block said in its new outlook that adjusted operating income is projected to increase about 30% annually, topping $4.6 billion by 2028. Adjusted earnings per share will grow in the low 30% range, reaching $5.50 in three years.

Chief Financial Officer Amrita Ahuja told CNBC ahead of the release that the company is entering a new phase of execution.

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Block vs. Nasdaq this year

“Since 2022, our last investor day, we’re nearly double the size from a gross profit perspective,” Ahuja said, adding that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization “more than tripled.”

Block also introduced a new non-GAAP cash flow metric, designed to reflect the capital required to grow its lending products, which it expects to reach more than $4 billion, or 25% of gross profit, by 2028.

For 2026, Block expects gross profit to rise 17% to $11.98 billion, with adjusted operating income and EPS both increasing more than 30%, to $2.7 billion and $3.20, respectively.

Ahuja said Block has adopted a “rule of 40” investment framework. That typically refers to revenue growth rate plus profit margin exceeding 40. She said the company expects to reach that metric this year and has reorganized around a single roadmap with a shared technical infrastructure.

“That transformation has resulted in us moving faster, with more connected decisions across our ecosystem,” Ahuja said.

On Wednesday, Block also expanded its share repurchase program by $5 billion, adding to the $1.1 billion in remaining authorization as of Sept. 30. The prior buyback plan was for up to $4 billion in purchases.

Block CEO Jack Dorsey, who co-founded the company as Square in 2009, was in attendance at the investor event. Dorsey has largely been out of public view in recent years.

WATCH: Block shares drop more than 8% on quarterly miss

Block shares drop more than 8% on quarterly miss

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Kraken confidentially files for IPO following $800 million raise

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Kraken confidentially files for IPO following 0 million raise

Kraken is one of the world’s largest crypto exchanges.

Tiffany Hagler-Geard | Bloomberg via Getty Images

Kraken confidentially filed to go public in the U.S., a person familiar with the matter told CNBC on Wednesday.

A Kraken spokesperson declined to comment on the timing of its plans.

Kraken is the latest crypto company to attempt to tap the public market since President Donald Trump came back to the White House. Crypto trading platforms Bullish and Gemini Space Station listed their shares on major stock exchanges in August and September, respectively. And in June, stablecoin issuer Circle raised just north of $1 billion in its blockbuster IPO.

The boom in crypto-linked listings comes as IPOs have seen a resurgence in the U.S. this year.  

Founded in 2011, Kraken is a U.S.-based platform that facilitates the trading of digital assets like bitcoin and ether. It also offers tokenized equities trading to clients in the European Union.

Kraken recently raised $800 million at a $20 billion valuation, including $200 million from Citadel Securities, the company said Tuesday in a statement. The firm plans to use those funds to expand its footprint in foreign markets, in addition to building out its payment services.

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