Oil storage silos beyond waterlogged land at the Shell Plc Pernis refinery in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on Sunday, Feb. 11, 2024.
Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images
A Dutch court on Tuesday dismissed a landmark climate ruling against Shell, after the oil giant was ordered to drastically reduce its global carbon emissions back in 2021.
The outcome, which comes during the opening days of the COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan, marks the latest twist in a precedent-setting case that could have far-reaching implications for the future of climate litigation.
The appeals court in The Hague said that while Shell is required to reduce its carbon emissions, it could not determine the extent of these cuts. The case against Shell, therefore, was dismissed entirely.
In May 2021, The Hague district court ruled that Shell must reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 45% from 2019 levels by 2030.
The verdict, which came when Shell had its headquarters in The Hague, also said the company was responsible for all emissions across its value chain, including those from the products they sell — known as Scope 3 emissions.
It was the first time in history that a company was found to have been legally obliged to align its policies with the Paris Agreement, a framework which seeks to avoid the worst of what the climate crisis has in store by limiting the average global temperature increase to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius.
The ruling was regarded as a watershed moment in the climate battle and sparked a wave of lawsuits against other fossil fuel companies.
The case was brought against Shell in 2019 by Milieudefensie, an environmental campaign group and the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth, alongside six other bodies and more than 17,000 Dutch citizens.
An appeal against Tuesday’s outcome could still be brought before the Netherlands’ Supreme Court, although Milieudefensie has not said whether it plans to launch an appeal.
“The court of appeal denied the claims of Milieudefensie because the court was unable to establish that the social standard of care entails an obligation for Shell to reduce its CO2 emissions by 45%, or some other percentage,” the court said in a statement.
What’s more, the court said it deemed an obligation for Shell to sharply reduce its Scope 3 emissions by a particular percentage as “ineffective” because other companies could step in to take over that trade and “this would consequently not result in a reduction in CO2 emissions.”
Shell welcomed the decision to overturn the 2021 verdict.
“We are pleased with the court’s decision, which we believe is the right one for the global energy transition, the Netherlands and our company,” Shell CEO Wael Sawan said in a statement.
“Our target to become a net-zero emissions energy business by 2050 remains at the heart of Shell’s strategy and is transforming our business,” he added.
Shares of London-listed Shell were trading slightly lower on the news.
A setback for the climate movement
Shell appealed the 2021 decision and subsequently moved its headquarters to the U.K., a relocation that was criticized for being partly motivated by the courtroom defeat. The Hague district court ruling had only been legally binding in the Netherlands.
In appeal hearings held earlier this year, the British oil major argued that the case had no legal basis.
Shell’s lawyers said demands for companies to curb greenhouse gas emissions could not be made by courts, but only by governments, Reuters reported. The company also said the court ruling would force it to shrink its business without any benefit to the fight against climate change.
Director of Milieudefensie Donald Pols is seen before the start of the appeal trial of the climate case that the organization had filed against Shell, in The Hague on April 2, 2024.
Freek Van Den Bergh | Afp | Getty Images
The burning of coal, oil and gas is by far the largest contributor to the climate crisis, accounting for more than three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions.
“This ruling affects us deeply,” Donald Pols, director of Milieudefensie, said in a statement.
“It is a setback for us, the climate movement and millions of people around the world who are worried. But anyone who knows us a little knows that we never give up,” Pols said.
“It is encouraging that the judge determines that Shell is responsible for reducing emissions and that companies must also respect human rights. It is a marathon and not a sprint and the race is not yet run,” he added.
Elon Musk, who already suggested Tesla invest in xAI, is now setting the stage for the public company under his control to grossly overpay for xAI, a private company under his control that just absorbed Twitter (X).
Anyone invested in a mutual fund that owns Tesla shares could be about to bail out Musk and his billionaire friends.
At $44 billion, Musk knew he was overpaying for Twitter and tried to back out of the deal.
Within a year of Musk taking Twitter private, Fidelity Investments, which invested in Musk’s Twitter acquisition, revalued its investment as being down 65% from its purchase price.
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A year later, in October 2024, Fidelity valued Twitter, X by now, at just $10 billion.
That’s not surprising since Musk had Twitter take on $12 billion in debt as part of the take-private deal, and revenue fell by roughly half under his leadership.
To take Twitter private, Musk personally financed the deal with $25 billion of his own and his existing stake in Twitter, $12 billion in debt, and about $7 billion in investment from his friends.
As of October, most of that equity was gone, but Musk wasn’t about to let a loss slide on his record.
In 2023, he launched xAI, a private company under his control that develops AI products. Tesla investors are suing him for breach of fiduciary duty and resource tunneling over the founding of xAI since he had previously stated that Tesla would be a big player in AI and simultaneously threatened not to build AI products at Tesla if he didn’t get more control of the company, but let’s put that aside for now.
When raising money for xAI in 2023, Axios reported on how Musk might use the AI company as a “plan B to save Twitter” and Musk responded:
“I have never lost money for those who invest in me and I am not starting now.”
Who are these people who invested in Twitter with Musk? There’s a long list, but two of the biggest investors are Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, a Saudi Arabian billionaire and head of Kingdom Holding Company, and Larry Ellison, billionaire co-founder of Oracle. Both are close friends of Musk.
VC firms Andreessen Horowitz and Sequoia Capital, Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund, the highly controversial crypto exchange Binance, and the previously mentioned Fidelity Investments have also invested in the deal.
By the end of 2024, those people were basically writing down 80% of their investment in Twitter, as per Fidelity.
However, a few months later, in March 2025, X was somehow valued back at $44 billion as part of a “so-called secondary deal.” Some took this information as news that X had turned around, but many were skeptical that the valuation could have gone from $10 billion to $44 billion in just 5 months.
Sure enough, we quickly learned that the new valuation had little to do with improved financials at X and was instead based on Musk pushing for xAI to buy X at $45 billion through an all-stock acquisition. A company’s valuation is only what someone is willing to pay for it and Musk was willing for xAI to “pay” $45 billion.
In late March, Musk announced that xAI had acquired X in a deal valuing xAI at $80 billion and X at $45 billion, while xAI would take on X’s $12 billion debt.
The world’s richest man was not shy about highlighting the controversial self-dealing here:
It’s worth noting that xAI had raised only $12 billion at a $40 billion valuation with virtually no revenue as of December 2024, and now it’s a $125 billion company, based entirely on Musk’s valuation, with $12 billion in debt.
How does Tesla plays into this?
Musk has promised Tesla shareholders that the Twitter acquisition would be good for the company. That was after he sold tens of billions of dollars worth of Tesla stocks to buy Twitter – sending Tesla’s stock crashing.
Tesla shareholders haven’t really seen a return on that yet unless you count a brief surge in stock price after Trump was elected, with the help of Musk and X, but the stock has since erased all those gains since Trump came into office.
Now, xAI is the plan B.
Last summer, Musk suggested that Tesla invests $5 billion in xAI, but that was before the company acquired X. Musk will need shareholder’s approval for a deal between xAI and Tesla, which would happen at Tesla’s shareholders meeting – generally held in June.
Now, Tesla’s CEO, who has been complaining about his eroding control of Tesla after selling shares to buy Twitter, has greatly inflated the value of xAI through this acquisition of X ahead of the potential investment.
Musk has also discussed Tesla integrating Grok, xAI’s large language model, into its products, specifically its electric vehicles.
A post on X this weekend suggested that this might be happening soon:
ChatGPT, OpenAI’s LLM, has already been integrated in many vehicles, including from the Volkswagen Group, Peugeot, and Mercedes-Benz.
Electrek’s Take
The grift never stops. As I have been saying for years, Musk is not equipped to be an executive of a public company, and this is just the latest example.
If all these entities were private, and he was taking his affluent private investor friends on a ride, I wouldn’t have any problem with this, but Tesla is a public company included in many ETFs and mutual funds. Many people own Tesla stocks without even knowing.
But as Musk said himself, he doesn’t let people who invested in him lose money. Does that include Tesla investors?
I don’t think it does anymore.
There’s an argument to be made that Tesla shareholders should already own Musk’s stake in xAI. That’s what the breach of fiduciary duty lawsuit is about. Musk said that Tesla was “a world leader in AI’ and said that AI products would be critical to the company’s future.
Then, he starts a private AI company and threaten Tesla shareholders that he will not build AI products at Tesla if he doesn’t get more than 25% control over the company. That’s a clear breach of fiduciary duties to Tesla shareholders as the CEO of Tesla, but it will likely take years to solve this through courts.
In the meantime, Musk is pushing for Tesla to invest in xAI, which is now valued at $125 billion – a number completely made up by Musk.
Grok is not a bad product, but it ranks below OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’S Gemini in most AI rankings. It also relies too heavily on information from X, which is far from reliable. Most experts see xAI as being way behind OpenAI and other AI companies, which are already generating significant revenue.
Now, I doubt Musk will still push for a $5 billion investment from Tesla. I don’t think that Musk will want Tesla to spend 15% of its cash position on this amid delcinign earnings and a very difficult macroeconomic situation.
I wouldn’t be surprised to see Musk pushing for Tesla to invest in xAI as part of a stock deal.
The timing would be good for Musk. Tesla’s current brand issues, lower deliveries, crashing earnings have led to a much lower share price on top of the crashing US stock market. If Tesla’s share price is lower, Musk can get more shares for his made-up valuation of xAI.
Musk likely owns more than 50% of xAI post X acquisition. A stock deal would virtually result in him getting half of the Tesla stocks that are part of the deal – boosting his stake in Tesla, which has been his goal since selling his stake to buy an overpriced Twitter.
In short, Musk sold Tesla stocks to buy an overpriced Twitter, regretted it and threatened Tesla shareholders to get more shares. Now, he might get Tesla shareholders to pay for the acquisition again at the same ridiculous valuation.
The craziest thing about all of this is that I bet Tesla shareholders are going to approve this scheme.
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Specialized has announced a voluntary recall for several of its popular Turbo e-bike models after identifying a safety issue with the chain guard that could pose a fall risk to riders. The culprit? A clothing-eating drivetrain setup that may be a bit too hungry for its own good.
The recall affects Turbo Como IGH, Turbo Como SL IGH, and Turbo Vado IGH models equipped with internal gear hubs (IGH), sold between 2021 and 2024. According to Specialized, certain chain guards on these bikes may allow loose-fitting clothing to become entrapped in the drivetrain, potentially causing crashes or falls.
The recall includes both belt-drive and chain-drive models. Models equipped with traditional rear derailleurs are not part of the recall and remain unaffected.
The issue isn’t widespread in terms of injuries — thankfully, as there have been no reports of serious harm. But as Specialized continues to grow its e-bike lineup, especially in the urban and commuter segment, it’s clear they’re taking proactive steps to ensure rider safety and confidence.
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Riders of affected bikes are being advised to stop using their e-bikes immediately and schedule a free chain guard replacement with their local Specialized retailer. The fix will be installed at no cost, and Specialized is footing the bill for both parts and labor.
You can check if your model is affected by visiting Specialized’s official recall notice page, or by contacting their Rider Care team.
This recall lands in a growing category of micromobility safety updates and recalls, as more riders turn to e-bikes and scooters for daily transportation. From battery-related recalls to structural flaws, the increased adoption of electric two-wheelers has put new pressure on manufacturers to catch potential issues early.
While the vast majority of all e-bikes and e-scooters will never see a recall, the growing number of models on the road has seen an uptick in such occurrences over the last few years.
Electrek’s Take
While it’s always disappointing to see a defect, it’s encouraging to see brands like Specialized move quickly, transparently, and without passing costs to the customer.
And let’s be honest: for riders who favor flowing pants, long jackets, or any other long garment, these kinds of things can happen. My wife learned that the hard way when she lost a chunk of her kimono last year when she switched to riding her bike to work every day. Securing long, flowing clothing is just part of the safety procedure for riding bike. It’s good that Specialized is being proactive here, but I think just about any bike could see long garments getting sucked into a chain if conditions are right – or wrong.
I reviewed one of these e-bikes a few years ago and it was an incredible ride. I managed to escape with my pants intact, and I’d still ride one any day. If I owned one though, I’d probably take it in for that free chain-guard swap, though – which is just another example of a benefit of buying a bike shop e-bike as opposed to a direct-to-consumer brand. I love my D2C e-bikes, but having a bike shop help with this stuff, or even reach out to you directly during a recall, is a big plus in my book.
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A view shows disused oil pump jacks at the Airankol oil field operated by Caspiy Neft in the Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan April 2, 2025.
Pavel Mikheyev | Reuters
U.S. oil prices dropped below $60 a barrel on Sunday on fears President Donald Trump’s global tariffs would push the U.S., and maybe the world, into a recession.
Futures tied to U.S. West Texas intermediate crude fell more than 3% to $59.74 on Sunday night. The move comes after back-to-back 6% declines last week. WTI is now at the lowest since April 2021.
Worries are mounting that tariffs could lead to higher prices for businesses, which could lead to a slowdown in economic activity that would ultimately hurt demand for oil.
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Oil futures, 5 years
The tariffs, which are set to take effect this week, “would likely push the U.S. and possibly global economy into recession this year,” according to JPMorgan. The firm on Thursday raised its odds of a recession this year to 60% following the tariff rollout, up from 40%.