Why Did the UK’s Skynet-1A Satellite Change Orbit? Experts are Baffled
The UK’s oldest satellite, Skynet-1A, has mysteriously changed position in space without any clear record of who directed the move or why. Launched in November 1969, just months after the first Moon landing, Skynet-1A originally relayed communications for British military forces from a high orbit over eastern Africa. However, despite the expected gravitational drift toward the Indian Ocean, Skynet-1A now orbits over the Americas, a half-world away from its initial location.
Satellite Drift or Intentional Movement?
Experts in orbital mechanics find it unlikely that the half-tonne satellite simply drifted to this new position. Instead, the shift suggests a deliberate command that activated the satellite’s thrusters in the 1970s, moving it westward. Dr Stuart Eves, a space consultant, highlighted that this shift places the satellite in a “gravity well” at 105 degrees west, where its movement oscillates, bringing it near active satellite traffic, increasing collision risks.
Tracing the Satellite’s Command History
There are efforts being made to trace Skynet-1A’s journey reveal limited historical documentation. According to Graham Davison, who once operated Skynet-1A, the satellite’s command initially remained under the control of the United States before being handed over to the UK’s RAF. Davison notes that it’s possible the Americans later regained command, though records confirming this are sparse. Rachel Hill, a PhD student at University College London, suggested that the move could have occurred during maintenance, when control temporarily transferred to the United States at their Sunnyvale facility.
Impact on Modern Satellite Operations
In light of modern space concerns, Skynet-1A’s position poses a challenge. The Ministry of Defence has stated that it monitors the satellite to avoid potential conflicts with active satellites. Experts like Professor Moriba Jah, an aerospace engineer, warn that aging satellites like Skynet-1A increase the chance of “super-spreader events,” where debris from collisions could endanger current space assets. With advancing technology, the British government may now consider retrieving Skynet-1A to a safer position, ensuring that it no longer poses a risk to the growing population of orbiting satellites.
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A team of scientists has developed a new kind of self-healing circuit board that stays functional even after severe mechanical damage and can be reshaped or recycled entirely using heat. Infused with liquid metal and built using a polymer known as vitrimer, the new circuit boards could dramatically cut electronic waste and transform the durability of consumer electronics. Vitrimer retains the strength of traditional thermoset materials while allowing flexibility and repair, making it possible to reconfigure damaged boards without compromising electrical performance.
As per a study published in Advanced Materials on June 1, the boards were created by blending vitrimer with just 5% by volume of liquid metal droplets. This combination nearly doubled the material’s strain-at-break, or stretchability, compared to vitrimer alone. The embedded droplets are flexible as well, serving as flexible conductors in place of metal wiring used in traditional boards. Using a rheometer, tests showed the material was able to return to its original shape after heat-induced deformation ranging from 170°C to 200°C, which conventional epoxy-based thermosets cannot achieve.
Engineers also demonstrated that the material remains highly conductive and can recover its electrical function after being damaged. “Modern circuit boards simply cannot do this,” said Josh Worch, co-lead author of the study. His team designed the dynamic composite with the aim of building a circular economy around electronics. The design addresses a major environmental concern: most circuit boards today use thermosets that cannot be recycled and end up in landfills.
Electronic waste has more than doubled in 12 years, from 34 to 62 billion kilograms, as noted in a 2024 UN report. Despite containing valuable metals like gold, current boards are difficult to break down and reclaim due to the permanent nature of thermosetting plastics. The new vitrimer-based design, by contrast, allows for easy separation and reuse of materials. “Even if the board is damaged,” said Michael Bartlett, another co-lead author, “electrical performance will not suffer.”
More work needs to be done to improve the recovery of some elements, but the advance is a big step toward greener electronics, the researchers say. The technology could one day be in many different types of devices, from phones and laptops to wearables and TVs, changing the way devices are made, operated, and recycled.
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German Scientists at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung found a new superheavy isotope, 257Sg, named Seaborgium, which reveals unexpected details about the stability and nuclear fission. This study was published in Physical Review Letters and describes how this isotope, made by fusing chromium-52 with lead-206, survived for 12.6 milliseconds, longer than usual. The rare longevity and decay into 253Rf provide new indications of how K-quantum numbers or angular momentum impact the fission resistance. The findings fill in the gaps and give us an understanding of the effects of quantum shells in superheavy nuclei, which is crucial for preventing immediate disintegration.
Challenging Traditional Views on K-Quantum Numbers and Fission
As per the study by GSI, it challenges conservative views on how K-quantum numbers impact fission. Previously, it was found that the higher K values lead to greater fission hindrance, but after getting the findings from the GSI team, a more complex dynamic emerged. They found that K-quantum numbers offer hindrance to fission, but it is still ot known that it is how much, said Dr. Pavol Mosat, the study’s co-author.
Discovery of First K-Isomeric State in Seaborgium
An important milestone is the identification of the first K-isomeric state in seaborgium. In 259Sg, the scientists found that the conversion of the electron signal occurs 40 microseconds after the nuclear formation. This is clear evidence of the high angular momentum K-isomer. These states have longer lifetimes and friction in fission in a more effective way than their ground-state counterparts.
Implications for the Theorised Island of Stability
This discovery by the scientists provides key implications for the Island of stability, which has long been theorised. It is a region where superheavy elements could have comparatively long half-lives. If K-isomers are present in the still undiscovered elements such as 120, they can enable scientists in the detection of nuclei that would otherwise decay in just under one microsecond.
Synthesising 256Sg with Ultra-Fast Detection Systems
This team of German Scientists under GSI is now aiming to synthesise 256Sg, which might decay quicker than observed or predicted. Their success is dependent on the ultra-fast detection systems created by GSI, which are capable of capturing events within 100 nanoseconds. This continued research by the team may help in reshaping the search and studying the heaviest elements in the periodic table.
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257Sg, seaborgium, K-isomer, superheavy, elements, nuclear stability, fission, GSI, TASCA, Physical Review Letters, element 120, island of stability
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