India Demand for Fair Climate Finance Commitments at COP29 Summit
India, along with other developing countries at COP29 called for fair and effective climate finance agreements to support global climate action. Representing the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDCs), India emphasised the need for equitable financial support from developed nations, spotlighting the burden placed on vulnerable economies. Negotiators have noted that around 69% of the climate finance currently comes as loans, a structure that can impose heavy debt burdens rather than alleviating economic strain.
Push for Accountability and Consistency in Climate Funding
The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance remains a central focus of the summit, as discussions continue around establishing clearer financial targets and accountability measures. The LMDCs, working alongside the G77, BASIC, and the African and Arab groups, expressed concerns over developed countries’ failure to meet a $100 billion annual funding goal, which has long been contentious in international climate negotiations. Representatives have urged for a transparent and consistent approach in climate finance, ensuring that commitments are tracked and upheld in good faith.
Challenges with Existing Funding Mechanisms
Within the ongoing negotiations, India and other LMDC members voiced concerns about stringent investment requirements being proposed, as they could place smaller, less-developed nations at a disadvantage. The bloc argued that such policies may inherently benefit nations with robust financial infrastructures, potentially sidelining economies with limited investment access. LMDC negotiators have reiterated the importance of the “common but differentiated responsibilities” principle, emphasising that climate goals must consider the specific needs and capacities of all countries.
Call for Equitable Solutions
India and other LMDC countries continue to press for a collectively agreed-upon definition of climate finance, pushing for accessible and fair funding options for all developing nations. As discussions advance, the group remains committed to achieving a balanced outcome that fosters inclusivity, accountability, and transparency in international climate finance—crucial components for building global trust and cooperation in addressing climate change.
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In a groundbreaking experiment, gold has defied the expectations that it was still solid even after being heated above the standard temperature. With the help of rapid laser bursts, the scientists could superheat gold beyond the entropy catastrophe, which is a theoretical boundary at which solids need to melt due to extreme heat. To the surprise, the gold was in the structure temporarily, and then it led to the rethinking of how matter behaves when provided with intense conditions. Such a rare phenomenon is known as superheating, where the heating happens so fast that atoms don’t get enough time to reorganise themselves into a liquid.
Gold Withstands the Entropy Catastrophe: What Is Superheating?
As per Science Alert, the atomic structure of gold resisted melting and absorbed the heat quickly, even faster than the response of its atoms. Scientists performed this study at 19,000 Kelvin, and gold remained solid for 2 picoseconds, which is enough to challenge the theory of physics.
Conventionally, the physicist believed that solids could not survive heat more than three times their melting point. This experiment, although pushed gold to 14 times the threshold, with the help of advanced techniques, which involved X-ray reflections to track the heat absorption accurately. The findings suggest that the materials can resist melting beyond the previously known boundaries; however, only for brief moments, which are difficult to even imagine.
Could Other Solids Resist Melting Like Gold? What This Means for Future Research
The results found by the scientists don’t change the law of thermodynamics. However, they suggest that such laws cannot be completely applied in ultra-fast reactions, and atoms cannot move or rearrange in this much time. Most importantly, gold had no place to go, and this let it remain solid even after heating to unexpected temperatures.
This unlocks the new possibilities fr understanding the extreme situations, from the impact of asteroids to the nuclear reactors. Scientists now wonder if other solids could also show the same tolerance, and rule out the current model of melting points, which need to be known altogether. Science must revisit the question asked by one scientist that how hot can you make something before melting?
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Astronomers have found a vast, never-before-noticed reservoir of stellar material, hundreds of light-years across, lurking in a cold, dark, starless swath of our galaxy. It’s dubbed the Midpoint Cloud and was identified using the Green Bank Telescope; it appears to channel dense clouds of material into the heart of our galaxy. It harbours active regions filled with dense dust lanes and star formation possibilities. These lanes could be bringing twisted matter into the galaxy’s central bar, shaping how stars form in this extreme environment and offering a rare snapshot of the first stages of a galaxy’s evolution.
Newly Found Midpoint Cloud May Be Key to Star Formation in the Milky Way’s Core
As per the study, researchers at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Green Bank Observatory confirmed the size and shape of the GMC based on mass, density, and movement. The gassy chaos in the cloud mirrors the caustic turmoil at the galactic centre, yielding measurements from a faint object that says something about an energetic event 200 light-years distant. That could be a link from the field-like tranquillity of our own Milky Way’s disk to the mayhem of its core.
Perhaps analogously to gas channels, a thick dust lane in the Midpoint cloud could supply the central stellar bar fragment with fresh gas, again supporting an interpretation that star formation is inhibited in this region by the strong gravitational potential. But regions like the Midpoint could collect such thick gas, spurring the birth of new stars.
The team classified Knot E as a compact gas clump whose material has been eroded by both star radiation and a maser, or microwave emission, within a cloud. A shell-like feature suggests earlier supernova explosions, like those the deaths of massive stars in the region might have initiated.
The Midpoint cloud Larry Morgan, of the Green Bank Observatory, discovered is a valuable clue in our knowledge of how galaxies evolve and form stars near their centers. The finding could give scientists a way to learn how matter flows inward across the cosmos, one hidden cloud at a time.
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