A breakthrough in solar research has been achieved using NASA’s supercomputing technology, revealing new insights into the intricate inner workings of the Sun. The simulations, developed by NASA’s Ames Research Center, showcase turbulent motions within the Sun’s upper layers, using data collected from various Sun-observing spacecraft. These findings aim to enhance understanding of solar activity and its effects on space weather.

Advanced Techniques Reveal Fine Solar Structures

The animated simulations display the vigorous twisting and churning of solar plasma, resembling chaotic flows akin to boiling water. The model demonstrates how materials move within the Sun’s layers, bringing new clarity to solar dynamics. Dr Irina Kitiashvili, a leading scientist at NASA Ames, explained that these simulations incorporate a “realistic approach,” using advanced knowledge of solar plasma to replicate phenomena observed by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory.

The research focuses on recreating detailed structures of the Sun’s subsurface layers, capturing features such as shock waves and tornado-like phenomena. These elements, spanning only a few miles, represent details previously unattainable through spacecraft observations alone. However, global models of the Sun remain beyond current computational capabilities. Instead, smaller regions are modelled to yield a deeper understanding of specific dynamics.

The Sun’s activity significantly impacts Earth, influencing seasons, weather, and space weather patterns. Accurate space weather forecasts are critical for safeguarding astronauts and spacecraft, especially during missions such as NASA’s Artemis campaign. The NASA Parker Solar Probe, set to make a record-breaking approach to the Sun in December 2024, will further support these efforts.

Exploring New Frontiers in Solar Research

The simulations were run on the Pleaides supercomputer at NASA’s Advanced Supercomputing facility, generating extensive data over several weeks. As the Sun approaches its solar maximum period, researchers anticipate uncovering additional phenomena, enhancing predictions of solar behaviour.