Net migration to the UK has fallen by 20% from a record 906,000 the year before, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) has said.
The latest net migration figure – the difference between people coming to live in and leaving the UK – stands at an estimated 728,000 in the year to June 2024.
A total of 1.2 million people are estimated to have arrived in the UK in the year ending June 2024, while 414,000 left.
Net migration for the previous year, to June 2023, has been revised upwards by 166,000 to 906,000, making it the new highest year on record instead of 2022.
ONS director Mary Gregory said the fall in the latest year was “driven by declining numbers of dependants on study visas coming from outside the EU”.
She said the first six months of 2024 saw a decrease in the number of people arriving on work visas partly due to the salary threshold rising substantially.
There was a 19% drop in student visas in the year to September 2024 – when the university year begins – compared with the previous year.
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There was a 33% decrease in worker visas in that time.
The previous Conservative government changed the rules so since January, most students have not been allowed to bring dependents with them, with exceptions only for those studying at PhD level.
In March, further changes were introduced by the Tories barring care workers and senior care workers from sponsoring dependents on the health and care worker visa.
Rishi Sunak’s Tory administration also raised the minimum salary requirement for the skilled worker visa from Ā£26,200 to Ā£38,700 in April, making it more difficult to obtain.
Asylum spending at record high
Home Office figures also released today show government spending on asylum in the UK reached Ā£5.38bn in the year to April 2024 – up 36% from Ā£3.95bn in the previous year and the highest level of spending on record.
At the end of September 2024, there were 97,170 asylum cases (relating to 133,409 people) awaiting an initial decision, which is 22% fewer than the year before, but 13% higher than at the end of the previous quarter.
The latest net migration figures, from July 2023 to June 2024, cover the Conservatives’ last year in office, with Labour winning the election at the beginning of July.
The data comes a day after new Tory leader Kemi Badenoch admitted her party had failed on migration.
“We got this wrong. I more than understand the public anger on this issue, I share it,” she said on Wednesday.
Image: Asylum spending is at a record high. Pic: PA
Conservatives say drop is due to their policies
Former Conservative home secretary James Cleverly said: “Today’s migration figures are the first to show the impact of the changes that I brought in as home secretary.
“Numbers are still too high, but we see the first significant downward trend in years. Changes that Labour opposed and haven’t fully implemented.”
Suella Braverman, the Tory home secretary before Mr Cleverly, also claimed credit for the drop in net migration, saying it “is a result of the changes I fought for and introduced in May 2023”.
“That’s when we started to turn the tide,” she said.
“But 1.2 million arrivals a year is still too high. This is unsustainable and why we need radical change.”
Net migration may be down but difficult migration questions remain for Labour
The headline figure today is high and has already been seized on by the likes of Nigel Farage.
Small boat crossings, which make up a fraction of the overall net migration figure, are up on last year.
Around 20,000 people have crossed the channel in small boats since Labour was elected, and Home Office data released today could paint a difficult picture on the asylum bill and hotel use.
Net migration may technically be down but that doesn’t mean there won’t be difficult questions today for the government on migration.
Labour said the latest migration figures showed the government had started the “hard graft” of tackling the issue, and was “cleaning up the Conservatives’ mess”.
A party spokesman said: “In their own words, the Tories broke the immigration system.
“On their watch, net migration quadrupled in four years to a record high of nearly one million, despite saying they’d lower it to 100,000.
“They are an open borders party who lied time and again to the public. This is the chaos Labour inherited and any crowing from the Tories should be seen in that light.”
Image: Former home secretary James Cleverly said the numbers showed Tory policy was working. Pic: AP
41% drop in study or work visas
Figures for net migration in 2022 were also revised, increasing from 607,000 to 754,000, while 2021 changed from 221,000 to 254,000.
The revisions are due to the ONS continuing to review its net migration figures as more complete data becomes available, as well as improving how it estimates the migration behaviour of people arriving in the UK from outside the EU.
The latest figures show a small increase in emigration, but the fall was mostly attributed to a decrease in immigration.
Those entering the UK as dependents of people on work or study visas dropped by 41% for each.
Main applicants for work visas decreased by 7%, while main applicants for study visas dropped by 9%.
The ONS said the fall in net migration was also driven by a rise in long-term emigration – people leaving the UK – particularly of those who came to the country on study visas.
“This is likely a consequence of the large number of students who came to the UK post-pandemic now reaching the end of their courses,” it said.
UFC fighter turned Irish political candidate Conor McGregor has endorsed the idea of building a Bitcoin reserve in his country to give more āpower back to the people.ā
āCrypto in it’s origin was founded to give power back to the people. An Irish Bitcoin strategic reserve will give power to the peopleās money,ā McGregor wrote to X on May 9.
The former UFC champion said he would discuss his plans in more detail in an upcoming X spaces, prompting responses from some of the Bitcoin industryās most prominent leaders.
āWe need the greatest minds for this BTC Reserve. Message me and lets chat on my space,ā McGregor said in response to Bitcoiner and host of The Pomp Podcast, Anthony Pompliano.
One of US President Donald Trumpās crypto advisors, David Bailey, also reached out, to which McGregor responded: āDavid message me, letās discuss your ideas!āĀ
McGregor announced his independent candidacy for the Irish presidency in late March 2025, centering his campaign on anti-immigration policies and combating crime.
Irelandās next presidential election must take place by Nov. 11, 2025, as the term of the current President, Michael D. Higgins, is set to end the day after.
Establishing a Bitcoin reserve ā let alone one coming from a minor, independent party ā would be no easy feat.
Despite recent regulatory progress, the US, El Salvador and Bhutan are among the few countries that have established a Bitcoin reserve to date.
McGregorās political visibility was recently boosted by a trip to the White House, where he met Trump and received his support.
However, McGregor is facing intense scrutiny in Ireland, having recently been found guilty of sexual assault in a civil case ā a conviction which he has since appealed ā while also previously being investigated for hate speech crimes.
McGregorās last crypto endeavor failed
McGregorās push for a Bitcoin reserve comes a little over a month after the McGregor-backed REAL project failed to attract sufficient funding in its token launch pre-sale, prompting a full refund to all token bidders.
The team behind the project, Real World Gaming, only raised $392,315 over a 28-hour presale on April 5 and 6, less than half of the $1 million minimum requirement that it initially set.
Sir Keir Starmer has joined other European leaders in Kyiv to press Russia to agree an unconditional 30-day ceasefire.
The prime minister is attending the summit alongside French President Emmanuel Macron, recently-elected German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
It is the first time the leaders of the four countries have travelled to Ukraine at the same time – arriving in the capital by train – with their meeting hosted by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Image: Sir Keir Starmer, Emmanuel Macron and Friedrich Merz travelling in the saloon car of a special train to Kyiv. Pic: Reuters
Image: Leaders arrive in Kyiv by train. Pic: PA
It comes after Donald Trump called for “ideally” a 30-day ceasefire between Kyiv and Moscow, and warned that if any pause in the fighting is not respected “the US and its partners will impose further sanctions”.
Security and defence analyst Michael Clarke told Sky News presenter Samantha Washington the European leaders are “rowing in behind” the US president, who referred to his “European allies” for the first time in this context in a post on his Truth Social platform.
“So this meeting is all about heaping pressure on the Russians to go along with the American proposal,” he said.
“It’s the closest the Europeans and the US have been for about three months on this issue.”
Image: Sir Keir Starmer, Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Emmanuel Macron among world leaders in Kyiv. Pic: AP
Image: Trump calls for ceasefire. Pic: Truth Social
Ukraine’s foreign minister Andrii Sybiha said Ukraine and its allies are ready for a “full, unconditional ceasefire” for at least 30 days starting on Monday.
Ahead of the meeting on Saturday, Sir Keir, Mr Macron, Mr Tusk and Mr Merz released a joint statement.
European leaders show solidarity – but await Trump’s backing
The hope is Russia’s unilateral ceasefire, such as it’s worth, can be extended for a month to give peace a chance.
But ahead of the meeting, Ukrainian sources told Sky News they are still waiting for President Donald Trump to put his full weight behind the idea.
The US leader has said a 30-day ceasefire would be ideal, but has shown no willingness yet for putting pressure on Russian president Vladimir Putin to agree.
The Russians say a ceasefire can only come after a peace deal can be reached.
European allies are still putting their hopes in a negotiated end to the war despite Moscow’s intransigence and President Trump’s apparent one-sided approach favouring Russia.
Ukrainians would prefer to be given enough economic and military support to secure victory.
But in over three years, despite its massive economic superiority to Russia and its access to more advanced military technology, Europe has not found the political will to give Kyiv the means to win.
Until they do, Vladimir Putin may decide it is still worth pursuing this war despite its massive cost in men and materiel on both sides.
“We reiterate our backing for President Trump’s calls for a peace deal and call on Russia to stop obstructing efforts to secure an enduring peace,” they said.
“Alongside the US, we call on Russia to agree a full and unconditional 30-day ceasefire to create the space for talks on a just and lasting peace.”
Image: Sir Keir and Volodymyr Zelenskyy during a meeting in March. Pic: AP
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Putin’s Victory Day parade explained
The leaders said they were “ready to support peace talks as soon as possible”.
But they warned that they would continue to “ratchet up pressure on Russia’s war machine” until Moscow agrees to a lasting ceasefire.
“We are clear the bloodshed must end, Russia must stop its illegal invasion, and Ukraine must be able to prosper as a safe, secure and sovereign nation within its internationally recognised borders for generations to come,” their statement added.
“We will continue to increase our support for Ukraine.”
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The European leaders are set to visit the Maidan, a central square in Ukraine’s capital where flags represent those who died in the war.
They are also expected to host a virtual meeting for other leaders in the “coalition of the willing” to update them on progress towards a peacekeeping force.
Military officers from around 30 countries have been involved in drawing up plans for a coalition, which would provide a peacekeeping force in the event of a ceasefire being agreed between Russia and Ukraine.
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On April 29, 2025, UK Finance Minister Rachel Reeves unveiled plans for a ācomprehensive regulatory regimeā aimed at making the country a global leader in digital assets.
Under the proposed rules, crypto exchanges, dealers, and agents will be regulated similarly to traditional financial firms, with requirements for transparency, consumer protection, and operational resilience, the UK Treasury said in a statement released following Reevesā remarks.
Per the statement, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Order 2025 introduces six new regulated activities, including crypto trading, custody, and staking.
Rather than opting for a light-touch regime similar to the EUās Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA), the UK is applying the full weight of securities regulation to crypto, according to UK-based law firm Wiggin. That includes capital requirements, governance standards, market abuse rules, and disclosure obligations.
āThe UKās draft crypto regulations represent a meaningful step toward embracing a rules-based digital asset economy,ā Dante Disparte, chief strategy officer and head of global policy at Circle, told Cointelegraph.
āBy signaling a willingness to provide regulatory clarity, the UK is positioning itself as a safe harbor for responsible innovation.ā
Disparte added that the proposed framework can provide the predictability needed to āscale responsible digital financial infrastructure in the UK.ā
Vugar Usi Zade, the chief operating officer (COO) at Bitget exchange, also expressed optimism regarding the new regulations, claiming that it āis a net positiveā for the industry.
āI think a lot of companies recently exited or hesitated to enter the UK because they were not clear about what activities, products, and operations need FCA authorization. Firms finally get clear definitions of āqualifying crypto assetsā and know exactly which activitiesātrading, custody, staking or lendingāneed FCA authorization.ā
For exchanges, including Bitget, the UKās draft rules mean they need full approval from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to offer crypto trading, custody, staking, or lending services to UK users.
The rules also give companies two years to adjust their systems, like capital and reporting. āMapping each service line to the new perimeter adds compliance overhead, but that clarity lets us plan product rollāouts and invest in local infrastructure,ā Zade said.
The new draft regulations reclassify stablecoins as securities, not as e-money. This means UK-issued fiat-backed tokens must meet prospectus-style disclosures and redemption protocols. Non-UK stablecoins can still circulate, but only via authorized venues.
Zade claimed that excluding stablecoins from the Electronic Money Regulations 2011 (EMRs), which keeps them out of the eāmoney sandbox, could slow their use for payment.
However, Disparte, whose firm is the issuer of USDC (USDC), the worldās second-largest stablecoin by market capitalization, said predictability is key to fostering responsible growth in the UK.
āWhat matters most is predictability: a framework that enables firms to build, test, and grow responsiblyāwithout fear of arbitrary enforcement or shifting goalposts. If realized, this could mark a pivotal moment in the UKās digital asset journey.ā
Rippleās Cassie Craddock praising new UK draft rules. Source: Cassie Craddock
UK to require FCA approval for foreign crypto firms
Among the biggest changes as part of the new draft rules is the territorial reach. Non-UK platforms serving UK retail clients will need the FCA authorization. The āoverseas personsā exemption is limited to certain B2B relationships, effectively ring-fencing the UK retail market.
Crypto staking enters the perimeter as well. Liquid and delegated staking services must now register, while solo stakers and purely interface-based providers are exempt. New custody rules extend to any setup that gives a party unilateral transfer rights, including certain lending and MPC (multiparty computation) arrangements.
āSome DeFi nuances still need fleshing out, but the direction is toward efficient, tailored compliance rather than blanket restriction,ā Bitgetās Zade said.
He added that the broad āstakingā definition might sweep in nonācustodial DeFi models lacking a central provider. āProposed creditācard purchase restrictionsāthough aimed at highārisk useācould dampen retail participation in token launches,ā he said.
Furthermore, Zade said bankāgrade segregation rules for client assets could burden lean DeFi projects. āFinal rule tweaks will need to mitigate these side effects.ā
The FCAĀ plans to publish final rules on crypto sometime in 2026, setting the groundwork for the UK regulatory regime to go live. The roadmap to greater regulatory clarity in the UK could follow the European Union, whichĀ started to implement its MiCA framework in December.