South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol has lifted martial law, which he implemented hours earlier in a move that shocked MPs, the public and international allies.
In a national address, the president said: “I have accepted the decision made by the National Assembly to dissolve and lift the martial law.”
MPs, including members of his own ruling party, voted to block the declaration as protesters clashed with soldiers and police after the martial law ruling.
But what is martial law, and why did the president introduce it?
What is martial law?
It enacts temporary rule by the military and is usually invoked in times of war, rebellion or natural disaster.
When martial law is in effect, the military commander has unlimited authority to make and enforce laws.
It suspends all existing laws – meaning there can be a suspension of normal civil rights and the use of military law on the civilian population.
The step is taken when the civilian authorities are deemed unable to function.
The surprise move was the first declaration of martial law since the country’s democratisation in 1987.
Martial law is typically temporary, but it can continue indefinitely. It is most often declared in times of war or emergencies such as civil unrest and natural disasters.
Recent examples of martial law being enforced include in Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion.
Why did the president introduce it?
In his announcement on Tuesday night, Yoon Suk Yeol said it was critical for defending the country’s constitutional order.
“I declare martial law to protect the free Republic of Korea from the threat of North Korean communist forces, to eradicate the despicable pro-North Korean anti-state forces that are plundering the freedom and happiness of our people, and to protect the free constitutional order,” Mr Yoon said.
The move came after two years of Mr Yoon struggling to push his agendas through in an opposition-controlled parliament.
Image: The president of South Korea delivering his statement. Pic: AP
His conservative People Power Party has been in a deadlock with the liberal Democratic Party over next year’s budget bill.
Ministers protested against the move on Monday by the Democratic Party to slash more than four trillion won (approximately £2.1bn) from the government’s budget proposal.
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‘Shock and horror’ over Seoul move
Mr Yoon said that action undermines the essential functioning of government administration.
The president has also dismissed calls for independent investigations into scandals involving his wife and top officials, drawing criticism from his political rivals.
Security and defence analyst Professor Michael Clarke told Sky News he believed the introduction of martial law was Mr Yoon’s attempt to thwart his political opponents.
Image: South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party’s staff set up a barricade to block soldiers. Pic: Reuters
“Yoon has been leading a minority government for some time, against him the Democratic Party have just frustrated whatever he has tried to do,” Clarke said.
“He has decided to get ahead of his opposition by creating this move.
“The last thing that liberal democracy needs at the moment is one of the democracies of Asia turning into a short-term dictatorship.”
What was the reaction?
Before the president lifted martial law, opposition leader Lee Jae-myung said the declaration of martial law was “unconstitutional” and called for the public to protest outside parliament.
The parliament, which is controlled by the opposition party, voted to block the president’s decision, which he reversed just a few hours later.
According to the law in South Korea, the government must lift martial law if the majority of the National Assembly demands it in a vote.
Live TV footage from earlier today showed South Korean parliament aides pushing back martial law forces, spraying fire extinguishers while the public and police clashed.
A suspect who shot and killed two police officers and seriously injured a third in Australia’s rural south-east has been identified, police said.
A manhunt is underway for Dezi Freeman, 56, who is heavily armed and experienced in wilderness survival skills, Victoria state’s chief commissioner of police Mike Bush told reporters.
The local residents have been urged to stay indoors.
The whereabouts of Freeman’s wife and two children were initially unknown, but Mr Bush said they had visited a police station and spoken to officers late on Tuesday night.
The shooting happened earlier on Tuesday, when 10 armed police officers tried to execute a search warrant at Freeman’s property in Porepunkah, a town of just over 1,000 people located 200 miles north-east of Melbourne.
Image: The suspect killed two officers and injured a third. Pic: Reuters
Image: Porepunkah Primary School in Porepunkah, Victoria, was locked down for several hours. Pic: Reuters
The officers “were met by the offender and they were murdered in cold blood,” the police chief said.
Freeman killed a 59-year-old detective and a 35-year-old senior constable, Mr Bush said. Another detective was shot, but his wounds are not life-threatening.
The armed man fled alone on foot into the nearby forest, where an intensive search for him continued through the night and into Wednesday.
Image: Porepunkah is located 200 miles north-east of Melbourne, Australia.
Mr Bush would not elaborate on the search warrant for Freeman’s property and said it was “too soon to say” if his attack on the officers was ideologically motivated.
But he told reporters that some of the officers who tried to execute the search warrant included members of a unit that investigates sexual offences and child abuse.
Australian media widely reported that Freeman expressed so-called sovereign citizen beliefs, referencing a 2021 video from Wangaratta Magistrates’ Court in which he is seen representing himself and unsuccessfully trying to arrest a magistrate and police officers.
Members of self-proclaimed sovereign citizen movements use debunked legal theories to reject government authority.
Image: A manhunt in Australia continues into its second day. Pic: Simon Dallinger/AAP Image/AP
In a 2024 finding from Victoria’s Supreme Court, where Freeman attempted to challenge a lengthy suspension of his driver’s licence, a judge noted that the man had “a history of unpleasant encounters with police officers”.
In his submissions to the court, Freeman referred to the officers as “Nazis” and “terrorist thugs”.
The chief commissioner would not say how much was known of Freeman’s beliefs before the visit to his property.
Porepunkah, famous for its vineyards and beautiful views, is a gateway to Victoria’s alpine tourist region.
On Tuesday, public buildings and the nearby airfield were shut, and the local school, with just over 100 students, was locked down for several hours before children and staff were permitted to leave.
“Be vigilant, keep yourselves safe,” Mr Bush urged residents on Wednesday. “Please don’t go outside if you don’t need to.”
Mr Bush said the suspect’s knowledge of outdoor survival skills posed a “challenge” to authorities.
A hospital in Gaza that was hit in an Israeli strike, killing 20 people including five journalists, has rejected the Israeli military’s claim it struck the facility because it was targeting what it believed was a Hamas surveillance camera as well as people identified as militants.
The statement was part of the military’s initial inquiry into the attack on Nasser hospital in Khan Younis, which Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has called a “tragic mishap”.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said the back-to-back strikes on the largest hospital in southern Gaza were ordered because soldiers believed militants were using the camera to observe Israeli forces.
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Who were the journalists killed by Israel?
It also said it was because Israel has long believed Hamas and other militant groups are present at hospitals – though Israeli officials have rarely provided evidence to support such claims.
“This conclusion was further supported, among other reasons, by the documented military use of hospitals by the terrorist organisations throughout the war,” the IDF claimed.
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Image: Nasser hospital in Gaza after it was damaged by an Israeli strike. Pic: AP
It said six of those killed in the strike were “terrorists”.
The military chief of general staff acknowledged several “gaps” in the investigation so far, including the kind of ammunition used to take out the camera.
The military also said there is an ongoing investigation into the chain of command that approved the strike.
However, the army added: “The chief of the general staff emphasised that the IDF directs its activities solely toward military targets.”
Image: Pics: Reuters
In a statement, the hospital said: “Nasser hospital categorically reject these claims and any claims made by Israeli authorities to justify attacks on hospital premises.”
Among those killed was 33-year-old Mariam Dagga, a journalist who worked for the Associated Press, Al Jazeera cameraman Mohammed Salama, Reuters contractor Hussam al Masri, Reuters photographer Moaz Abu Taha and Middle East Eye freelancer Ahmed Abu Aziz.
The IDF said journalists working for Reuters and the Associated Press “were not a target of the strike”.
The attack was described as a “double-tap” attack, which sees civilians or medical workers rushing to help those injured hit in a second strike. They have previously been seen in the wars in Ukraine and Syria.
Hospitals have been repeatedly attacked by Israeli forces throughout the 22-month war in Gaza.
The war began on 7 October 2023 when Hamas-led militants stormed into southern Israel, killing some 1,200 people and taking 251 hostage.
Israel’s military offensive against Hamas has killed at least 62,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, according to the Hamas-run health ministry, which does not differentiate between civilians and militants in its count but says the majority are women and children.
Nadav is tired, frustrated and haunted, yet he smiles when we meet. For 690 days, he has been waiting for the world to change, and he’s still waiting, and hoping.
Back on 7 October 2023, his father Tal was seized by Hamas and taken to Gaza. Tal is now dead – it’s not clear when he died, but the simple, brutal fact of his death is not in doubt.
What is unknown – indeed, what cannot be known – is when Tal’s body will be returned to Israel.
“My dad is still being held captive, although he is not alive. My life is stuck,” Nadav tells me. “In order to continue living and start the healing process, we need them home and we need the war to be over.”
Image: Pic: Ilia Yefimovich/picture-alliance/dpa/AP
Around him, banners, signs and the sounds of another day of national protest. Motorways were brought to a halt, huge numbers of people went on strike, all in the name of demanding that the Israeli government do more to prioritise the return of all the hostages.
In Nadav’s mind, that means searching for compromise and negotiating a ceasefire that ends the war and allows for the return of all the hostages – believed to number 20 who are still alive, and a further 30 who have died.
“We have seen that just using military strength is not enough,” he says. “We now have to do whatever it takes, even if it’s not perfect.”
“Even if that means negotiating with Hamas?” I ask. He nods. “This war has to come to an end.”
It is a theme we hear again and again. In the crowds that pour into Hostages Square, there is almost unanimity.
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5:54
Protests in Israel ‘lack sufficient backing’
“The prime minister is acting like a tyrant,” declares one man as he marches down the street. “He doesn’t listen to us – his subjects. He just listens to the people in his cabinet who think that war is always the answer.”
Around us, we regularly see people wearing T-shirts with the slogan “Stam Wars”, written in the familiar Star Wars style.
Image: Protesters in Tel Aviv on Tuesday. Pic: Ilia Yefimovich/picture-alliance/dpa/AP
It is a biting comment dressed up as a joke – stam is a derogatory slang word, basically meaning pointless. “Our soldiers are being sacrificed,” says Yoram, as he strolls down the road towards the square.
This, of course, is no random sample. Among the crowd are many who viscerally dislike Benjamin Netanyahu, and the truth is that his supporters would be unlikely to join this crowd.
And yet they all want the same thing. The prime minister insists that the return of the hostages is his driving motivation, just as the people we spoke to told us that getting back the hostages was their ambition.
The difference is that Netanyahu seems unwilling to negotiate, and is convinced that the way to push Hamas into submission is to attack them relentlessly. Those on the protest, including relatives and loved ones of the hostages, are calling for talks to be placed ahead of tanks.
Is Netanyahu worried? Probably not. Just as the protesters were gathering in Hostages Square, Israel’s security cabinet was meeting to discuss the future of the war. Plans to encircle and occupy Gaza City were discussed. Proposals for a ceasefire were, apparently, not even mentioned.