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A new hypothesis suggests that dark matter, one of the universe’s greatest mysteries, may have originated in a separate event known as a “Dark Big Bang.” The idea was initially proposed in 2023 by Katherine Freese, Director of the Texas Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, and Martin Wolfgang Winkler, University of Texas. The theory challenges the traditional understanding that all matter and energy were created simultaneously during the Big Bang. According to reports, researchers from Colgate University have expanded on this theory, proposing new scenarios for such an event and how evidence might be uncovered.

Exploring the Dark Big Bang Theory

In a study published in Physical Review D, researchers Cosmin Ilie, Assistant Professor of Physics and Astronomy, and Richard Casey, Colgate University scientist, outlined the potential mechanisms of a Dark Big Bang. It has been suggested that this event may have occurred up to one year after the Big Bang, introducing dark matter into the cosmos. Ilie, speaking to Space.com, explained that their work highlights a broader range of possibilities than previously considered, making the theory more plausible.

The concept diverges from the prevailing notion that dark and ordinary matter share a common origin. While this idea adheres to Occam’s Razor — favouring the simplest explanation — Ilie pointed out that the universe does not necessarily align with human preferences for simplicity.

Hunting for Evidence

Detecting evidence of a Dark Big Bang could involve identifying gravitational waves, faint ripples in spacetime first predicted by Albert Einstein. According to Ilie, such waves might be observable through ongoing initiatives like the International Pulsar Timing Array and the Square Kilometre Array.

Casey stated to Space.com that the Dark Big Bang theory could also reveal a unique “Dark Sector” with its own particles and interactions, distinct from known physics. This approach might redefine how dark matter and ordinary matter relate, potentially bridging gaps in current scientific understanding.
The researchers emphasised that this work establishes a foundation for future exploration, aiming to confirm or constrain the Dark Big Bang’s role in the creation of dark matter.

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New Dwarf Planet Discovery Challenges Planet Nine Hypothesis

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June 2, 2025

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New Dwarf Planet Discovery Challenges Planet Nine Hypothesis

Discovery of a new potential dwarf planet in the outer reaches of the solar system has posed the greatest challenge yet to the hypothesis that a ninth planet lurks far from the sun. This newly found trans-Neptunian object (TNO) named 2017 OF201 has incredibly elongated orbit (1,600 times that of the Earth’s orbit) that takes it more than 157 billion miles (244 billion kilometers) from the sun. According to researchers it is very rare to discover an object both large (estimated diameter of 435 miles) and with an exotic orbit.

The New Dwarf Planet

According to the pre-print of a paper describing the discovery, with an estimated diameter of 435 miles, 2017 OF201 is large enough to be considered a dwarf planet. It was detected with the help of the data from both DECaLS and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The closest point of its orbit to the sun (perihelion) is 44.5 astronomical units (AU)—comparable to Pluto—while its farthest point (aphelion) stretches over 1,600 AU. 2017 OF201 is too far away to be seen with current telescopes; it could only be discovered because its last perihelion came in 1930, and that it’s still relatively close.

Scattered Disk, a realm with icy bodies on highly elongated and inclined orbits is situated beyond the Kuiper belt of outer solar system. This discovery hints that many similar objects could exist in the Scattered Disk and beyond. It makes discovery of a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) on a greatly elongated orbit is vital for piecing together the mystery of the outer solar system.

Discarding Planet Nine

The discovery challenges the Planet Nine hypothesis, which suggests a massive, unseen planet is influencing the orbits of distant TNOs. While most extreme TNOs show a clustered pattern that supports this idea, 2017 OF201 does not—its orbit is unusually unclustered.

Although Planet Nine could allow for such deviations, its gravitational pull would render those orbits unstable over millions of years. This mismatch between theory and observation puts Planet Nine’s existence under scrutiny.

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Venus May Be Geologically Active: New Study Reveals Tectonic Processes Shaping Its Surface

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June 2, 2025

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Venus May Be Geologically Active: New Study Reveals Tectonic Processes Shaping Its Surface

A recent study, published in the Journal Science Advances on May 14, 2025, suggests that Venus, previously considered inactive, may be geologically active. This may be the result of tectonic plate activity. Further research shows that the mysterious circular landforms on Venus. These are called coronae and get their shape due to the rising plumes of hot rocks under the surface. This activity, similar to Earth’s tectonic plates, changes Venus’ behaviour as a dead planet. Further, it triggers the questions about its dynamic past and habitability in future.

Unravelling the Mystery of Coronae

The research published in the Journal Science Advances was led by Geal Cascioli, an assistant research scientist at the University of Maryland and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. The research team analysed NASA’s Magellan mission Data after it orbited Venus in the 1990s to know the coronae, which are circular and vast in geological structure.

In 1983, when Venus coronae was discovered, it puzzled the scientists because of its unique and circular shape. The recent research shows that the structures are formed by the hot material plumes originating from the mantle of Venus. Such plumes despised the crust, making circular ridges and valleys on its surface.

Gravity Data Unlocks Hidden Activity

With NASA’s Magellan data, researchers found plumes under 52 coronae. The observations, like a change in the gravity because of the underground difference in the density, confirm the predictions made by the simulations and give strong evidence that Venus is not inactive geologically.
Subduction Without Plates

Venus has no tectonic plates like Earth; however, the new findings indicate the possibility of subduction at the edges of coronae. Plumes from beneath push outward, causing the surrounding crust to bend and dive under the coronae. These zones could be at the place where Venus experiences strong seismic activity.

Looking Toward Future Missions

The research indicates that Venus is tectonically active at present. This signals that if Venus is active geologically now, it might have a habitable milieu, signalling the new possibilities in terms of future habitat potential and planetary evolution.

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Genetic Study Reveals Maya Civilization’s Collapse Was a Reorganization

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June 2, 2025

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Genetic Study Reveals Maya Civilization’s Collapse Was a Reorganization

A new study reshapes our perspective on the decline of of classic Maya civilization. Though archaeological records long suggested a dramatic population fall around 1,200 years ago, new genetic evidence confirms that the Maya people never truly disappeared. The study, published in Current Biology, analysed genomes from seven ancient individuals from the ancient city of Copán, a major center of the classic Maya world, which lies beneath western Honduras. The results highlight a strong thread of genetic continuity from the Late Archaic period to modern Maya populations, offering new insight into migration, elite integration, and the enduring legacy of the Maya civilization.

Copan’s Cultural Fusion

According to the study, Copán was first settled during the Early Preclassic period (before ~1000 BCE) by small farming communities. Monumental architecture and sophisticated inscriptions indicates that the city had become a major maya center by the early Classic period (300–400 CE). A royal dynasty began in 426/427 CE when K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’, an outsider, assumed power—an event supported by both epigraphic and genomic evidence. Genetic data reveal that he, and others in the elite class, likely came from highland Mexican populations, such as those near Chichén Itzá.

Archaeological and historical records long suggested that elite Maya migrants intermarried with local non-Maya populations to establish the kingdom. The new genetic study supports this theory. Researchers found strong genetic continuity from the late archaic era to modern Maya groups, along with about 6% gene flow from highland Mexican populations, indicating regional integration and elite movement.

Collapse and Continuity

The DNA analysis of the study reveals that despite the big decline in the population of Copan around the beginning of 750 CE, the genetic continuity persisted. It indicates that local populations remained even as elite structures crumbled.

Traditional narratives described the Maya collapse as a mysterious vanishing. But this study indicates that Maya people did not vanish suddenly but they reorganised by adapting, migrating, and redefining their identities.

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