Amnesty International has accused Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians during its war against Hamas in Gaza.
The human rights group said Israel sought to deliberately destroy Palestinians by launching deadly attacks, demolishing vital infrastructure and preventing the delivery of food, medicine and other aid.
It said such actions met the legal threshold for the crime of genocide. It is the first time it has made such a determination during an active armed conflict.
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1:10
Gazans ‘eating grass and animal feed’
In a report, Amnesty said Israel’s actions could not be justified by Hamas’ attack into Israel on 7 October last year which ignited the war, or on the presence of militants in civilian areas.
Amnesty said the US and other Israeli allies could be complicit in genocide and called on them to halt arms shipments.
“Our damning findings must serve as a wake-up call to the international community: this is genocide. It must stop now,” Agnes Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary general, said in the report.
Image: People mourn Palestinians killed in an Israeli strike at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis
Image: The aftermath of an Israeli strike on a tent camp in Khan Younis. Pics: Reuters
Israel has consistently rejected any allegations of genocide.
It is challenging such allegations at the International Court of Justice and has rejected the International Criminal Court’s accusations Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former defence minister committed war crimes in Gaza.
“The deplorable and fanatical organisation Amnesty International has once again produced a fabricated report that is entirely false and based on lies,” Israel’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement.
Israel accused Hamas of carrying out a genocidal massacre in the attack that triggered the war and said it is defending itself in accordance with international law.
The idea Israel might be committing genocide sits heavily on the psyche of all Israelis
Genocide is the most serious crime under international law and has only been proven in a small number of cases.
The term “genocide” was first used in relation to the systematic murder of more than six million Jews during the Nazi holocaust, and was first recognised as a crime under international law in 1948.
Other examples of genocide include the Armenian massacre, Rwanda, Srebrenica and recently the mass killings of Yazidis by Islamic State.
China has been accused of genocide against the Uighurs, as has Myanmar for its treatment of the Rohingya people.
It is a complex legal concept but by definition genocide is the killing “with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group”.
This can include causing serious bodily or mental harm, deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group or forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
The law does not include political groups and so Israel’s desire to eliminate Hamas, for example, would not constitute an act of genocide.
To determine genocide, it must be demonstrated that there has been deliberate intent by the perpetrators which itself can be extremely hard to prove, especially so in the case of the Gaza War when access for independent investigators and journalists has been prevented.
The destruction of culture, or attempts to move a group, do not themselves constitute genocide.
Israel argues the Hamas attacks on 7 October were themselves an act of genocide and angrily rejects any comparison with their own actions in response.
The very idea Israel might be committing genocide sits very heavily on the psyche of all Israelis, a country that was founded off the back of the worst genocide in living memory.
Individual governments can make their own determinations of genocide, but the International Court of Justice is the globally recognised arbiter.
South Africa brought a case against Israel to the ICJ in late December 2023 which is still being heard. It can take many years for a case to be concluded.
Israel ‘has intended to commit genocide’
Amnesty accused Israel and the Israeli military of committing at least three of the five acts banned by the 1948 Geneva Convention, including killings, causing serious bodily or mental harm, and deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of a protected group.
The acts were done with the intent required by the convention, according to Amnesty, which said it had reviewed over 100 statements from Israeli officials.
Ms Callamard said while Amnesty had not set out to prove genocide, after reviewing the evidence and statements collectively the only conclusion was “Israel is intending and has intended to commit genocide”.
She added: “The assertion that Israel’s war in Gaza aims solely to dismantle Hamas and not to physically destroy Palestinians as a national and ethnic group, that assertion simply does not stand up to scrutiny.”
Hamas-led militants stormed southern Israel on 7 October 2023 and killed around 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took about 250 hostages. Some 100 hostages are still being held in Gaza, with at least a third believed to be dead.
More than 44,500 people have been killed in Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, according to the territory’s Hamas-run health ministry. The ministry’s count does not differentiate between civilians and fighters, but it has said more than half of those killed are women and children.
Amnesty urged the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to investigate the alleged genocide.
A father returning home after scattering his wife’s ashes was among the victims of the Air India crash, leaving his two young children suddenly orphaned.
Flight 171 was carrying 242 people when it struck a medical college hostel less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport, in western India.
Twenty-nine people on the ground were killed, taking the total number of victims to 270. A hospital official confirmed 270 bodies have been recovered from the crash site, but DNA testing is being conducted to identify the bodies.
Among the victims, 37-year-old Arjun Patoliya had been visiting India to fulfil his wife Bharti’s “final wish” to be laid to rest in her hometown of Gujarat.
Bharti had died just over two weeks ago, following a “courageous battle with cancer”.
A GoFundMe page, set up to raise funds for their two children, says: “Arjun left to bid farewell to his wife, never returned to the children they both raised.
“Now, these two beautiful young girls have been left without parents – their world turned upside down in just over two weeks.”
A fundraiser, which has topped more than a quarter of a million pounds, confirms all money raised will go directly into a legal trust, “to ensure every penny is dedicated to the girls’ needs”.
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India’s aviation minister has said a government panel reviewing the crash will complete its assessment in three months.
Ram Mohan Naidu said the government has also ordered “extended surveillance” of Boeing 787 planes. Air India operates 33 Boeing 787s, while rival airline IndiGo has one, according to data from Flightradar24.
Mr Naidu said the plane started descending after reaching 650 feet.
Every theory as to what happened will be looked into, he said. But in the meantime, he has instructed the airline to assist the families of passengers to ensure there is no delay in handing over the bodies of those who died.
Black box has been found
India’s aviation ministry says workers have recovered the digital flight data recorder – one of two black boxes on the plane, from the rooftop of the building where it crashed.
This box has data on engine and control settings, so will be able to show if there was a loss of engine power or lift after takeoff.
The investigation will initially focus on the engine, flaps and landing gear, a source told Reuters on Friday.
A possible bird-hit is not among the key areas of focus, the source said, adding that teams of anti-terror experts were part of the investigation process.
There is no information yet on the cockpit voice recorder, the other black box, which will be a crucial part of understanding what caused the plane to crash.
Tributes have been paid to victims of the Air India plane crash, including a couple and their three children and a man returning home after scattering his wife’s ashes.
Flight 171 was carrying 242 people when it struck a medical college hostel less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport, in western India, bound for Gatwick on Thursday.
Among those on board were 169 Indian nationals, 53 Britons, seven Portuguese nationals and one Canadian, the airline said.
It has confirmed 241 of those on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner were killed in the crash, with just one survivor – a British man from Leicester. Twenty-nine people on the ground were also killed, taking the total number of victims to 270, officials have said.
Tributes to those who died in the worst aviation crash in a decade are now being shared.
Arjun Patoliya
The 37-year-old had been to India to fulfil his wife Bharti’s “final wish” to scatter her ashes in her hometown in Gujarat, after she died following a battle with cancer.
He was returning home to his young daughters in north London, according to a GoFundMe page set up for the girls.
It says: “In a span of just 18 days, two young sisters – only 4 and 8 years old – have lost both of their beloved parents.”
Dr Prateek Joshi and his family
Image: The Joshi family smiling in a selfie before the plane took off. Pic: Supplied
Dr Joshi, a radiologist at the Royal Derby Hospital, was on the flight with his wife, Dr Komi Vyas, and their three children, Mirayal, Nakul and Pradyut.
In a post on Facebook, Derby Hindu Temple said: “We pray to Lord Shiva to grant eternal peace to the departed souls and to give strength to the bereaved family to bear this immense loss.”
Dr Joshi’s colleague Dr Rajeev Singh described him as “a wonderful man, friend, husband and father, and an exceptional radiologist who was highly respected in his field”.
“It is hard to accept that a man with such a passion for life, and his beautiful young family, have been taken in this way,” his statement continued.
“His passing has left a profound void, not only in his professional contributions but in the warmth and spirit that he gave to the world every day.”
Akeel Nanabawa, his wife Hannaa Vorajee and their four-year-old daughter
Image: Akeel Nanabawa, his wife Hannaa and their four-year-old daughter Sara. Pic: PA
The family of three from Gloucester were “widely loved and deeply respected”, their family said in a statement issued through their imam.
Mr Nanabawa ran a recruitment firm and Ms Vorajee volunteered at a local Islamic school and was a director for an organisation promoting understanding of Islam, Imam Abdullah Samad said.
Their daughter, Sara Nanabawa, was four years old.
The imam, who is headteacher at the school Sara had just started attending, told Sky News: “She had a smile like the rays of the sun, she would light up the room.
“She was exactly what her parents would have wanted her to be. She took a lot of good qualities from her parents. Staff at the school are absolutely devastated.”
He said of her parents: “They were widely loved and deeply respected. His quiet generosity, her warmth and kindness, and their daughter’s bright, joyful spirit made a lasting impact on everyone who knew them.”
Mariam and Javed Ali Syed and their two children
Image: Javed and Miriam Ali Syed. Pic: Facebook
The couple and their two children – five-year-old Zayn and four-year-old Amani – were returning from a holiday in India, Ms Ali Syed’s sister-in-law told the Telegraph.
The mother-of-two reportedly worked for Harrods for a decade while Mr Ali Syed is reported to have worked at a London hotel.
Speaking to the Telegraph, Yasmine Hassan said of the couple’s two children: “They are so small, they are five and four. And it’s just thinking how scared they must have been.”
The 40-year-old nurse and mother of two worked at Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth.
A Facebook page for nurses from India said she was originally from Thiruvalla, Kerala, and touched “countless lives with her care and compassion”.
Ajay Kumar Ramesh
Mr Ramesh was seated in a different row to his brother, Vishwash Kumar Ramesh, whose survival is being hailed as a miracle.
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0:58
Indian PM meets lone survivor of crash
Speaking outside the family home in Leicester, Jay, a relative of the brothers, said Vishwash asked about Ajay when he contacted his father after the tragedy.
Jay said: “After the crash, he spoke to his dad worrying about his brother saying, ‘Where’s Ajay’?”
Raxa Modha, her daughter-in-law and infant grandson
Image: Raxa Modha with her husband, who died from cancer. Pic: Facebook
A member of Raxa Modha’s family has told Sky News she was in India for a religious ceremony after the death of her husband two months ago.
She had travelled with her daughter-in-law Yasha and infant grandson Rudra.
All three of them were from Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.
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Image: Heer (left) and Dhir Baxi, with their grandmother. Pic: Family handout/PA
The siblings, both in their early twenties, were returning home to London after surprising their grandmother for her birthday.
Their cousin Ishan Baxi, who lives in Ahmedabad, said both women had an “amazing aura” and wanted to “roam the world”.
He said: “I am unable to control my tears even now also just because I was close to them, you just imagine what emotions parents are going through right now and think about guilt the grandma would feel right now.
“I just want God to bless those souls, all dreams, promises, aspirations vanished in seconds.”
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Image: Fiongal and Jamie Greenlaw-Meek. Pic: Instagram
The couple, who ran a spiritual wellness centre in Ramsgate, Kent, filmed themselves laughing and joking at the airport just moments before boarding the plane.
The former editor of This Morning has paid tribute to Fiongal, who appeared on the show earlier this year, and his partner.
Martin Frizell said on Instagram: “I remember his visit to the studio in January, he was passionate about auras and although I’m a sceptical sort, his vibrancy and sheer enthusiasm won folk over.”
Adam and Hasina Taju, and Altafhusen Patel
Adam Taju, 72, and his wife Hasina, 70, were flying with their son-in-law Altafhusen, the couple’s granddaughter told the BBC.
Iran claims it has shot down two Israeli jets and that its response to Friday night’s attacks on nuclear and military infrastructure has begun.
The reports emerged as smoke was seen rising from Tel Aviv as Iran launched missiles at the Israeli city.
Air raid sirens had been heard across Tel Aviv and Jerusalem as the missiles neared Israel.
Footage has shown Israel’s Iron Dome air defence system – which uses radars to detect and intercept short-range rockets, missiles and drones – stopping Iranian missiles from striking the city.
However, video also suggests some missiles made it through. According to Israeli medics, a total of 34 people were taken to hospital in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area.
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3:13
How Iran’s retaliatory attack unfolded
In a statement at around 1:50am on Saturday local time (11:50pm on Friday UK time), the Israel Defense Forces said: “In the past hour, dozens of missiles have been launched from Iran toward the State of Israel. Some of the missiles were intercepted.
“Search and Rescue forces are currently operating in a number of locations across the country in which reports of fallen projectiles were received.”
Meanwhile, the Iranian Army had earlier said in a statement that its “defence forces successfully hit and destroyed two F-35 fighter jets belonging to the zionist entity, in addition to a large number of small drones”.
“The fate of the two fighter pilots remains unknown and is being investigated,” the statement added.
Image: An explosion is seen during a missile attack in Tel Aviv tonight. Pic: AP Photo/Tomer Neuberg
Sky News correspondent Mark Stone, who used to be based in Jerusalem, has said Iran is trying to “overwhelm the Iron Dome defence system, which has to be manually reloaded again and again”.
He added: “[The Iron Dome] can be overwhelmed. We saw a number of instances in the videos a moment ago where it was clearly overwhelmed and some of those ballistic missiles hit targets in Tel Aviv.”
Three American officials have told Sky’s US partner network NBC News that the US military helped Israel down some Iranian missiles this evening.
Image: Response workers in Tel Aviv. Pic: Magen David Adom
Image: The aftermath of the attack on Tel Aviv. Pic: Magen David Adom
As the barrage of missiles was fired at Israel, Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei wrote on X: “The Zionist regime (Israel) will not remain unscathed from the consequences of its crime.
“The Iranian nation must be guaranteed that our response will not be half-measured,” he said, adding Iran will “inflict heavy blows” on Israel.
Mr Khamenei also said that Israel has initiated a war and that Tehran will not allow it to conduct “hit and run” attacks without grave consequences.
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0:47
Smoke rises in Iran after Israeli strikes
It came before Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called on Iranians to stand up to the regime in Tehran and help Israel “clear the path for you to achieve your freedom”.
In a video released during Iran’s missile attack on Israel, Mr Netanyahu said Israel had taken out a “large portion” of Iran’s ballistic missile arsenal and its “most significant enrichment facility”.
“More is on the way,” he added. “The regime does not know what hit them, or what will hit them. It has never been weaker. This is your opportunity to stand up and let your voices be heard.”
The Israeli military has told people they can now leave air raid shelters but must stay near them in case of further attacks.
The Israel Defence Forces issued instructions earlier this evening telling residents to stay in shelters and minimise movement in open areas.
UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer and US President Donald Trump have agreed the mounting conflict between Iran and Israel should be resolved by “diplomacy and dialogue”.
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0:36
Israeli ambassador: ‘We were expecting Iran’s retaliation’
The two leaders spoke on Friday evening, as western nations began a diplomatic flurry to calm the conflict between Israel and Iran.
Sir Keir earlier urged Mr Netanyahu to de-escalate and work towards a “diplomatic resolution”.
Meanwhile, Mr Trump urged Iran to quickly reach an agreement on curbing its nuclear program as Israel vowed to continue its bombardment of the country.
Mr Trump framed the volatile moment in the Middle East as a possible “second chance” for Iran’s leadership to avoid further destruction “before there is nothing left and save what was once known as the Iranian Empire.”
The US president had urged Mr Netanyahu not to attack Iran.
The two leaders had what was described as a heated 40-minute exchange by telephone last Monday.
Speaking just hours before the attack, Mr Trump said he feared such action would destroy US hopes of an agreement with Iran to curtail its nuclear programme.