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Think twice before sending your next text message. Or better yet, make sure you are using an end-to-end encryption method.

Consumers regularly use different types of messaging technology from the biggest technology companies including Apple, Alphabet and Meta Platforms, including iMessage, Google Messages, WhatsApp and SMS, but the level of protection varies. Now, the U.S. government is expressing greater concern after a recent massive hack of the nation’s largest telecom companies. 

Last month, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation revealed a campaign by hackers associated with China, Salt Typhoon, that compromised AT&T and Verizon, and others, and was one of the largest hacks of U.S. infrastructure in history. Following that warning, CISA, the National Security Agency, the FBI and international partners published a joint guide to help protect Americans. One suggestion is to use end-to-end encryption, a method that makes communications more secure.

End-to-end encryption helps ensure that only the intended recipients can read your messages as they travel between your phone and another person’s phone. Secure messaging apps use end-to-end encryption to protect communications from hackers, surveillance and unauthorized access, so even messaging app providers can’t read your messages.

“All things being equal, if you have the opportunity to use a platform that’s end-to-end encrypted, you should,” said Michael Hughes, chief business officer of Duality Technologies, which allows organizations to share and analyze sensitive data using encryption.

Many consumers don’t know their options for communicating securely over messaging apps. Here are the basics.

WhatsApp, Signal among best end-to-end options

Consumers use different messaging apps for various purposes, often without giving a second thought to security. However, there are notable differences among platforms that people need to be aware of. 

From a security perspective, free messaging apps like Meta’s WhatsApp and Signal — whose co-founder was one of the creators of WhatsApp — are considered the best because end-to-end encryption is built in. That makes these apps highly preferable to SMS and MMS, two older methods of messaging that don’t offer end-to-end encryption, said Trevor Horwitz, founder of TrustNet, a cybersecurity and compliance services provider.

Even platforms considered the best for end-to-end encryption have downsides. Signal is a favorite among many privacy enthusiasts because its mission emphasizes not collecting or storing sensitive information. This can be especially compelling for people who are wary of WhatsApp’s parent Facebook and its privacy practices. The downside to Signal is it’s not as widely used as WhatsApp and if your contacts aren’t on it, you can’t communicate, said Roger Grimes, an analyst at KnowBe4, a security platform provider.

There are also paid messaging apps that are end-to-end encrypted, such as Threema. It’s privacy by design and no phone number or email address is required, but it costs a few dollars, and getting your friends and family to join when there are free options that are already popular might be a challenge.

Most people will use encryption “if it’s default and they don’t have the slightest inconvenience,” Grimes said.

RCS and iMessage

Many messaging platforms now use RCS, which stands for Rich Communication Services. It’s a successor to SMS and MMS that has enhanced features and also offers the ability for end-to-end encryption, though not by default on all devices. For example, RCS messages using Google Messages are automatically upgraded to end-to-end encryption, but Apple’s implementation of RCS on iPhones is not end-to-end encrypted, Horwitz said. 

For any Apple device user, the company’s proprietary iMessage app is end-to-end encrypted, but for users sending RCS messages through other text plans, such as a mobile carrier text option, end-to-end encryption isn’t offered. As Apple explains itself of sending messages through non-iMessage RCS options: “They’re not protected from a third-party reading them while they’re sent between devices.”

Additionally, not all devices are compatible with RCS and it’s not universally supported by carriers. Plus, there are compatibility issues between some iPhone and Android devices that are still being worked out, Horwitz said. 

Facebook Messenger gaps in encryption

It’s even more complicated because technology companies have multiple messaging products and not every application from a particular provider supports end-to-end encryption in the same way. For example, Facebook Messenger offers end-to-end encrypted messages, but not in all cases. According to Facebook, some products don’t currently support end-to-end encryption, such as community chats for Facebook groups, chats with businesses or accounts using business messaging tools, Marketplace chats and others. 

Consumers should try to dig deeper into the apps they are using to understand how end-to-end encryption works for a particular app, said Deirdre Connolly, cryptography standardization research engineer at SandboxAQ, an AI applications developer. This information is often available in the support or privacy section of a provider’s website. But even then, it can be hard to find and decipher. “You have to go into the fine print,” Connolly said.

Google vs. Apple

Google Messages is the default messaging app on many devices running the Android operating system and many people use it to communicate, but consumers need to understand that not all messages sent or received using the app are end-to-end encrypted. The app supports end-to-end encryption when messaging other users using Google Messages over RCS, according to the company. But messages aren’t end-to-end encrypted when communicating with an iPhone user, for example. Text messages appear dark blue in the RCS state and light blue in the SMS/MMS state. Users will also see a lock symbol when end-to-end encryption is active in a conversation. 

In Apple’s case, communications between two iMessage users are end-to-end encrypted, but iMessage is an Apple-specific platform. That means, at present, communications between iMessage users and Android device users aren’t end-to-end encrypted. A green message bubble instead of a blue one indicates the message was sent using MMS/SMS instead of iMessage.

In fact, a Department of Justice antitrust case against Apple harps on the failure to offer end-to-end encryption outside its iOS messaging app as a monopoly concern.

Protocols are being developed to allow end-to-end encryption between different communication platforms using RCS, but that’s still a work in progress. “Work with key industry stakeholders is progressing well and we look forward to updating the market in the coming months,” said a spokesperson for GSMA, an industry organization spearheading this effort. 

Phone settings and ongoing risk of hacks

One thing people should do is check the settings on their phones. Many consumers have older phones and those who don’t have auto updates enabled may miss critical security updates, which could include messaging apps that allow for end-for-end encryption, said Chris Henderson, senior director of threat operations at Huntress, a cybersecurity company. Also, with a new phone, settings on transferred apps might not migrate. If you have enabled end-to-end encryption for apps on your prior phone, it’s also a good idea to check that the settings are enabled on the new phone as well, Henderson said.

End-to-end encryption is not foolproof because hackers can intercept users’ communications in other ways, such as if the device itself is compromised, Horwitz said. For security purposes, it’s also important to keep your devices healthy by installing all software updates, avoiding sketchy downloads, and performing periodic reboots.

Even so, using end-to-end encryption is a good practice, when available. “Threat actors go where the masses go,” said Kory Daniels, global CISO for Trustwave, a cybersecurity and managed security services provider. “If the masses are still using unencrypted communication methods, [bad actors] will continue to exploit the opportunity until users begin to evolve their digital behaviors.”

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AI Christmas: The latest devices from Amazon, Meta, Google and more

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AI Christmas: The latest devices from Amazon, Meta, Google and more

Three years since the arrival of OpenAI‘s ChatGPT, more devices featuring generative AI technology have hit the market in time for the 2025 holiday shopping season, with many offering deals for Black Friday.

Shoppers can pick from more advanced smart glasses, smart speakers with genAI and a pendant AI friend that acts as a confidant.

These latest gizmos come from megacaps like Amazon, Alphabet and Meta and smaller players like Friend and Plaud.

Despite the arrival of this new wave of products, reviews for many of the devices are mixed, and nothing has separated itself as a clear leader of the pack.

That’s in part because much of the spending on artificial intelligence has been focused on other things.

Since ChatGPT was released in late 2022, the bulk of the tech industry has reoriented itself to prioritize building out large language models in a race to reach artificial general intelligence, or AI with the capabilities that are on par with, or surpass, humans.

Thus far, much of the development in Silicon Valley has focused on AI apps, including chatbots like Anthropic’s Claude, image generators like Google’s Nano Banana or feeds for AI-generated short-form videos like OpenAI’s Sora. All things people can access on their existing smartphones without a spiffy new gadget.

But the world of AI hardware is growing fast.

If you’re in the market for the latest AI devices, here’s what’s available to snag this holiday season.

Daniel Rausch, vice president of Alexa and Echo, announces the Echo Studio and Echo Dot Max during an Amazon event showcasing new products in New York City, U.S., September 30, 2025.

Kylie Cooper | Reuters

Alexa+ Echo speakers

Amazon wants to make sure its Alexa voice assistant and Echo smart speakers don’t get left behind in the era of genAI. 

The company unveiled Alexa+ in February, promising a smarter, more conversational and personalized version of its 11-year-old digital assistant. In September, it followed up with a new set of Echo speakers and displays, which are the first devices to come with Alexa+ out of the box. 

The lineup includes a $100 Echo Dot Max, $180 Echo Show, $220 Echo Studio and $220 Echo Show 11.

The Echo Dot Max is an entry-level, all-purpose smart speaker, while the Echo Studio is larger, pricier and offers better sound quality. The main difference between Amazon’s smart displays, the Echo Show 8 and Echo Show 11, is the touchscreen size.  

All of the devices have improved sensors, speakers and microphones.

Amazon is offering 11% off the cost of the Echo Show 11 and 10% off the Echo Dot Max as part of its Black Friday promotions.

With the upgrades, Amazon is aiming to have users engage more often with the devices than their predecessors. Consumers frequently complained that Alexa had grown outdated while the Echo devices offered little utility beyond setting timers, spouting weather forecasts, playing music and controlling smart home accessories, like turning lights on and off. 

Amazon’s recent Alexa ad tries to paint a different picture. 

Comedian Pete Davidson strolls through his kitchen when an Alexa-equipped Echo Show announces, unprompted, that the “Coffee’s on, and your Uber is on its way.” Davidson then casually banters back and forth with Alexa about his preferred nickname. 

The interaction is meant to showcase a few of Alexa+’s biggest selling points — users don’t have to repeat a so-called “wake word” after every command, allowing the conversation to flow more naturally.

The devices can also now connect to external services to take actions on users’ behalf. As of now, Alexa+ can book an Uber or OpenTable reservation, generate a song via Suno, plan a trip through Fodor’s, schedule a repairman visit and purchase concert tickets through Ticketmaster. Amazon has said it expects to add more capabilities soon.

Alexa+ isn’t yet available to the general public. Consumers have to wait to receive Early Access or purchase a new Echo model to use it. 

Amazon is offering Alexa+ for free to users with Early Access, but at some point, the company will begin charging non-Prime members $19.99 a month for the service.

The company is also making moves in wearables.

Amazon in July announced plans to acquire AI company Bee for an undisclosed amount, indicating that it could have more hardware infused with the technology in the works. Bee is known for its $50 wristband that uses AI and microphones to listen to and analyze conversations, then provide to-do lists, summaries and reminders for everyday tasks.

— Annie Palmer

A person holds Google Pixel 10, Pixel 10 Pro and Pixel 10 Pro Fold mobile phones during the ‘Made by Google’ event, organised to introduce the latest additions to Google’s Pixel portfolio of devices, in Brooklyn, New York, U.S., August 20, 2025.

Brendan McDermid | Reuters

Google’s AI-powered Pixel 10 series

Although the Gemini-powered Google Home Speaker won’t roll out until the spring, Alphabet did deliver some generative AI tech this year.

Launched in August, the Pixel 10 smartphones thoroughly integrate Google’s AI into several features, such as live translation, text-based photo editing and the built-in Gemini assistant.

The baseline Pixel 10 starts at $799, while the Pro lineup includes the $999 Pixel 10 Pro, the $1,199 Pixel Pro XL and the $1,799 Pixel 10 Pro Fold. The Pro line offers a higher quality camera and display, as well as additional video features.

Among the AI products is “Magic Cue,” which connects data across different apps to surface relevant information and suggest helpful actions. For example, if a user receives a message asking about a dinner reservation’s location, Magic Cue can find the answer from the calendar app.

For snapping pictures, Google provides an AI “Camera Coach,” which scans the scene of a photo and offers recommendations about framing, lighting and other techniques to improve the image.

The Pixel 10 Pro phones come with a one-year subscription to Google’s “AI Pro” plan, which typically costs $19 per month and offers multiple AI tools, including writing assistant NotebookLM and video generator Veo 3.

All the Pixel 10 models are currently on sale for $200 to $300 off until Dec. 6, except for the Pixel 10 Pro Fold, which has a $300 markdown until Dec. 2, the company said.

— Jaures Yip

The Meta Ray-Ban Display AI glasses at Meta headquarters in Menlo Park, California, US, on Tuesday, Sept. 16, 2025.

David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Meta’s AI-infused Ray-Ban smart glasses

Meta’s partnership with eyewear giant EssilorLuxottica, originally inked in 2019, has spawned a surprise hit in the Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses that both companies are keen to boast about.

With the Meta AI digital assistant, users can command the camera-equipped glasses to take photos, play tunes and to answer questions about nearby landmarks.

In September, the two companies debuted the latest version of the glasses, dubbed Ray-Ban Meta (Gen 2).

The new model has double the battery life of its predecessor and an improved camera. It costs $379, which is $80 than the prior version.

Meta and Luxottica this year also launched two smart glasses aimed at athletes under the Oakley brand.

The $399 Oakley Meta HSTN glasses are pitched toward casual athletes who want to take photos while playing sports like golf, while the $499 Oakley Meta Vanguard smart glasses are geared toward the action-sports crowd, like skiers.

The Vanguard glasses feature a flashier wraparound design and two buttons on the frames’ underside that lets helmet-wearing athletes easily take photos and videos and perform other actions.

For those willing to spend big money and test new technology, Meta and Luxottica also rolled out the $799 Meta Ray-Ban Display glasses in September.

They are the first glasses Meta sells to the public that include a display, albeit a small one, in just one of the lenses. The display is intended to show users small bits of information, like navigation directions. The glasses also include a wristband that utilizes neural technology so users can command the device with gestures like rotating one’s fingers to adjust volume.

Buying the $799 glasses, though, is not easy.

Meta requires that people sign-up for in-person demos at stores like Best Buy and LensCrafters before buying the product, and the company warns that “availability varies by store, so you may not be able to purchase a pair immediately after your demo.”

Early reviews for the display glasses have been mixed.

Some reviewers have praised the device’s color display, camera and innovative wristband. Still, others have criticized its high price and have said its lack of apps limit functionality.

Meta is currently offering a few Black Friday and Cyber Monday deals for some of its various AI-powered smart glasses that will last until Dec. 1.

People can save 20% on all versions of the Ray-Ban Meta (Gen 1) at Best Buy, Target, Amazon and also at Meta’s website and the Ray-Ban website and stores. Meta is also offering 20% off the cost of prescription lenses for people who buy the Ray-Ban Meta (Gen 2) and Oakley Meta HSTN glasses from its website.

— Jonathan Vanian

Friend AI Pendant

Source: Friend

The AI friend you wear around as a pendant

Most AI chatbots want to make the user more productive. The makers of this smart pendant want AI to be your friend.

Users wear Friend, as the product is aptly called, around their necks while the $129 device listens to the conversations happening around it.

Friend’s chatbot is powered by Google Gemini, and it offers commentary on the user’s conversation and life. Those comments appear as notifications through the device’s corresponding smartphone app.

For example, when one reviewer played a new Taylor Swift song for her AI friend, the device commented through a notification that it didn’t “think it’s bad at all” and “pretty typical for pop.”

The device is at the center of the societal debate about the rise of AI.

Friend plastered a subway station in New York this fall with ads that suggested that the pendant was better than a real friend, promising that it “will never bail on our dinner plans.”

The posters were immediately defaced with messages like “AI wouldn’t care if you lived or died.”

Those wanting to experience what it’s like to wear around an AI friend should place orders swiftly.

The company’s website currently says units will be shipping “Winter 2025/26,” but Friend founder Avi Schiffmann told CNBC that devices ordered early enough will ship before Christmas.  

— Kif Leswing

Plaud Note

Source: Plaud

Plaud, the AI recorder

Google releases Gemini 3.0 model, closes gap on ChatGPT

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New IRS reporting requirements will make a classic crypto ‘tax cheat’ risky starting with 2025 return

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New IRS reporting requirements will make a classic crypto 'tax cheat' risky starting with 2025 return

With year-end approaching, it’s a good time to make sure your tax house is in order. It’s especially important for crypto investors, given a new IRS brokerage reporting requirement covering transactions after Jan. 1, 2025.

The IRS generally treats crypto like property, similar to stocks or real estate, so selling crypto can trigger a capital gain or loss. And while crypto investors should have been keeping good records all along, the new reporting requirement gives them an even more compelling reason. That’s because brokerages now have to send what’s known as a Form 1099-DA. For tax year 2025, they’re required to report gross proceeds for each digital asset sale the broker processes. In 2026 and beyond, it’s mandatory for brokers to report gross proceeds and cost basis information for covered securities.

Because brokers haven’t had to issue 1099s for selling or exchanging crypto in the past, it was easier for people to act as tax cheats, said Ric Edelman, financial advisor, author and founder of the Digital Assets Council of Financial Professionals. “Many people mistakenly believe that there’s no reporting obligation,” Edelman said.

As crypto investors do their tax planning for a year which saw bitcoin rise to new heights, but more recently endure a huge selloff that has shaved over $40,000 off its record price, it’s important to understand the new, stricter recordkeeping requirements.

Let’s say you bought ethereum for $1,500 and paid a $50 transaction fee, your cost basis would be $1,550, according to an example provided by Coinbase. “Essentially, your gain or loss is the difference between the gross proceeds and the cost basis. If you sold that 1 ETH for $2,000, your taxable gain would be $450 ($2,000 – $1,550).”

Get your crypto recordkeeping in order now

Brokers are required to report the cost basis information for tax year 2026, and if you haven’t been keeping good records thus far, you’re going to have to start. “It’s a taxpayer’s responsibility to track and substantiate whatever cost basis they’re providing,” said Daniel Hauffe, senior manager for tax policy and advocacy at The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

For many crypto investors, this will be complicated, especially if they transferred their tokens to a broker after holding them elsewhere and haven’t kept careful records. In that case, the broker won’t have the amount you purchased the crypto for; the broker would only know the price when you transferred it, Hauffe said. 

Ideally, taxpayers should try to iron out these issues now, before brokers are required to report the basis, and that may require speaking to a qualified tax professional.

Crypto investors who have been keeping track of their holdings haphazardly in the past should also consider hiring a tax crypto recordkeeping provider. There are a number of these services, including ProfitStance, Taxbit, TokenTax and ZenLedger.

Edelman said it’s best to use a recordkeeping provider because of the complexities involved. “If you try to do this manually, it is complicated and you’re likely to make errors,” he said.

Crypto staking, and staking ETFs, to be a major tax focus

While the IRS issued core guidance about the tax treatment of cryptocurrency more than a decade ago, the market has changed significantly since then, underscoring the need for updated guidance in several areas. 

In 2024, the IRS, in Notice 2024-57, said it was continuing to study different types of crypto transactions to determine appropriate taxation. This has left many taxpayers in limbo and scratching their heads on how to report certain types of transactions. While the IRS has said it won’t impose penalties for limited types of transactions while the regulations are being ironed out, taxpayers still have to keep careful records so they can appropriately account for them.

One area in which cryptocurrency investors are awaiting direction is staking transactions. Guidance on this and other types of more complicated crypto transactions are expected next year, Edelman said. Some advocates say taxes should only be applicable at the time these rewards are spent, sold, or otherwise disposed of. Thus far, however, the IRS has said that these rewards should be taxed as income upon receipt, Hauffe said. 

Additional guidance in staking specifically could be especially important now that the IRS has confirmed exchange-traded funds issuers can provide staking rewards, said Zach Pandl, head of research at Grayscale, a digital asset-focused investment platform. The availability of cryptocurrency within ETFs has widened the playing field for ordinary investors to gain some exposure to the asset class, and the latest guidance suggests more investors will face tax consequences from staking rewards. “Staking rewards are increasingly common for investors because they’ve now been activated in ETFs,” Pandl said.

Bitcoin’s big drop could be a tax-loss advantage

For some crypto investors, there may be an opportunity in the next month or so for tax-loss harvesting, which involves selling investments at a loss and using those losses to offset gains in other investments, Pandl said.

Bitcoin’s struggles since its record highs in October could present an opportunity for investors to benefit from a tax perspective, depending on when they bought the crypto. Some investors could also benefit from tax-gain harvesting, a strategy that involves selling the investment when you think it’ll have the least impact on your taxes. 

“This is the time to be thinking about that and planning for it,” said Stuart Alderoty, president of the National Cryptocurrency Association, a non-profit focused on crypto education. “You can harvest gains and you can harvest losses as well,” he said.

Many accountants don’t understand digital assets

Taxation depends largely on a person’s tax bracket and whether they are short-term or long-term gains. For example, if you’ve held the crypto for more than a year, profits are subject to long-term capital gains rates of 0%, 15% or 20%. If the crypto was held for less than a year, ordinary tax rates between 10% to 37% apply.

Due to the complexity and unique nature of crypto, determining taxation is complicated by other factors, especially since IRS rules about crypto are in flux. As one example, it is important to make sure to report the crypto transaction on the right form. For example, if you sold, exchanged or otherwise disposed of a digital asset you held as a capital asset, use Form 8949. If you were paid as an employee or independent contractor with digital assets, report the digital asset income on Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.

On top of that, many crypto owners are confused about the federal income tax question pertaining to digital assets. On the first page, near the top, they’re asked to identify whether at any time during the tax year, they either received (as a reward, award or payment for property or services) or sold, exchanged or otherwise disposed of a digital asset. 

Many people think “received” means buy, but it doesn’t, Edelman said. Rather, the IRS says it refers to digital assets received for payment for property or services provided, a reward or award, mining, staking and similar activities or an airdrop as it relates to a hard fork.

For these and other issues regarding crypto taxation, make sure you’re talking to a tax advisor who is knowledgeable about crypto. “Most accountants are not because they haven’t had any training in this area,” Edelman said.

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This week in AI: Brushing off new bubble warnings, Google’s AI comeback and Nvidia’s China threat

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This week in AI: Brushing off new bubble warnings, Google’s AI comeback and Nvidia’s China threat

This week, volatility took hold of the AI trade as bubble fears continued to rise and Nvidia‘s blowout earnings failed to steady the market. 

“Unless you’re the most optimistic person on the planet … you know you’re in a bubble, right?” Dan Niles, founder of Niles Investment Management, told CNBC’s Deirdre Bosa. “There is no question you’re in a bubble.”

Industry insiders raise AI bubble alarms

Industry insiders are also beginning to raise the alarm, with Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai warning of an overrun.

“Given the potential of this technology, the excitement is very rational. It’s also true when we go through these investment cycles, there are moments we overshoot collectively as an industry,” Pichai told the BBC. “I think it’s both rational and there are elements of irrationality through moments like this.”

At a recent internal all-hands meeting, Pichai reiterated a point he’s made previously about the risks of Google not investing aggressively enough, CNBC reported Friday.

“I think it’s always difficult during these moments because the risk of underinvesting is pretty high,” said Pichai, pointing to Google’s cloud business, which just recorded 34% annual revenue growth to more than $15 billion in the quarter. Its backlog reached $155 billion.

“I actually think for how extraordinary the cloud numbers were, those numbers would have been much better if we had more compute,” he said.

Google’s AI momentum

Meanwhile, Google on Thursday surpassed Microsoft in market cap for the first time, as the search giant was lifted by renewed AI momentum. The search company launched Gemini 3 on Tuesday, which shot to the top of AI model rankings. Google also rolled out an updated version of its viral AI image generator Nano Banana on Thursday.

“I’ve never had more fun than right now,” Josh Woodward, vice president of Google Labs and Gemini, told CNBC in an interview. “I think it’s partly the pace, it’s partly the abilities these models give to people who can imagine new use cases and products. It’s unparalleled.”

Nvidia’s China threat

Nvidia’s earnings on Wednesday failed to restore confidence in the tech trade, despite the company posting a beat-and-raise quarter. Instead, the chipmaker added to fears of escalating geopolitical risk with China. Nvidia’s finance chief Colette Kress told analysts that “sizable purchase orders never materialized in the quarter due to geopolitical issues and the increasingly competitive market in China.” 

Aaron Ginn, co-founder and CEO of the graphics processing unit management company Hydra Host, said the West’s attitude toward Chinese AI is the biggest threat to Nvidia’s dominance.  

“We just have to accept that we fell behind the eight ball in the fact that China is a manufacturing powerhouse,” he said. “We have the ability to beat back that trade balance to where we are now leaders.”

Watch this video to learn more.

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