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On Dec. 9, OpenAI made its artificial intelligence video generation model Sora publicly available in the U.S. and other countries.

Cfoto | Future Publishing | Getty Images

The U.K. is drawing up measures to regulate the use of copyrighted content by tech companies to train their artificial intelligence models.

The British government on Tuesday kicked off a consultation which aims to increase clarity for both the creative industries and AI developers when it comes to both how intellectual property is obtained and then used by AI firms for training purposes.

Some artists and publishers are unhappy with the way their content is being scraped freely by companies like OpenAI and Google to train their large language models — AI models trained on huge quantities of data to generate humanlike responses.

Large language models are the foundational technology behind today’s generative AI systems, including the likes of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini and Anthropic’s Claude.

Last year, The New York Times brought a lawsuit against Microsoft and OpenAI accusing the companies of infringing its copyright and abusing intellectual property to train large language models.

In response, OpenAI disputed the NYT’s allegations, stating that the use of open web data for training AI models should be considered “fair use” and that it provides an “opt-out” for rights holders “because it’s the right thing to do.”

Separately, image distribution platform Getty Images sued another generative AI firm, Stability AI, in the U.K., accusing it of scraping millions of images from its websites without consent to train its Stable Diffusion AI model. Stability AI has disputed the suit, noting that the training and development of its model took place outside the U.K.

Proposals to be considered

First, the consultation will consider making an exception to copyright law for AI training when used in the context of commercial purposes but while still allowing rights holders to reserve their rights so they can control the use of their content.

Second, the consultation will put forward proposed measures to help creators license and be remunerated for the use of their content by AI model makers, as well as give AI developers clarity over what material can be used for training their models.

The government said more work needs to be done by both the creative industries and technology firms to ensure any standards and requirements for rights reservation and transparency are effective, accessible and widely adopted.

The government is also considering proposals that would require AI model makers to be more transparent about their model training datasets and how they’re obtained so that rights holders can understand when and how their content has been used to train AI.

That could prove controversial — technology firms aren’t especially forthcoming when it comes to the data that fuels their coveted algorithms or how they train them up, given the commercial sensitivities involved in revealing those secrets to potential competitors.

Previously, under former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, the government attempted to agree a voluntary AI copyright code of practice.

AI copyright rules: U.K. versus U.S.

In a recent interview with CNBC, the boss of app development software firm Appian said he thinks the U.K. is well placed to be the “global leader on this issue.”

“The U.K. has put a stake in the ground declaring its prioritization of personal intellectual property rights,” Matt Calkins, Appian’s CEO, told CNBC. He cited 2018’s Data Protection Act as an example of how the U.K. is “closely associated with intellectual property rights.”

The U.K. is also not “subject to the same overwhelming lobbying blitz from domestic AI leaders that the U.S. is,” Calkins added — meaning it might not be as prone to bowing down to pressure from tech giants as politicians stateside.

“In the U.S., anybody who writes a law about AI is going to hear from Amazon, Oracle, Microsoft or Google before that bill even reaches the floor,” Calkins said.

“That’s a powerful force stopping anyone from writing sensible legislation or protecting the rights of individuals whose intellectual property is being taken wholesale by these major AI players.”

The issue of potential copyright infringement by AI firms is becoming more notable as tech firms are moving toward a more “multimodal” form of AI — that is, AI systems that can understand and generate content in the form of images and video as well as text.

Last week, OpenAI made its AI video generation model Sora publicly available in the U.S. and “most countries internationally.” The tool allows a user to type out a desired scene and produce a high-definition video clip.

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Disney making $1 billion investment in OpenAI, will allow characters on Sora AI video generator

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Disney making  billion investment in OpenAI, will allow characters on Sora AI video generator

Disney and OpenAI reach three-year licensing agreement

The Walt Disney Company on Thursday announced it will make a $1 billion equity investment in OpenAI and will allow users to make videos with its copyrighted characters on its Sora app.

OpenAI launched Sora in September, and it allows users to create short videos by simply typing in a prompt.

As part of the startup’s new three-year licensing agreement with Disney, Sora users will be able make content with more than 200 characters across Disney, Marvel, Pixar and Star Wars starting next year.

“The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence marks an important moment for our industry, and through this collaboration with OpenAI we will thoughtfully and responsibly extend the reach of our storytelling through generative AI, while respecting and protecting creators and their works,” Disney CEO Bob Iger said in a statement.

Tune in at 10:30 a.m. ET as Disney CEO Bob Iger and OpenAI CEO Sam Altman joins CNBC TV to discuss the media giant’s investment. Watch in real time on CNBC+ or the CNBC Pro stream.

As part of the agreement, Disney said it will receive warrants to purchase additional equity and will become a major OpenAI customer.

Disney is deploying OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to its employees and will work with its technology to build new tools and experiences, according to a release.

When Sora launched this fall, the app rocketed to the top of Apple’s App Store and generated a storm of controversy as users flooded the platform with videos of popular brands and characters.

The Motion Picture Association said in October that OpenAI needed to take “immediate and decisive action” to prevent copyright infringement on Sora.

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said more “granular control” over character generation was coming, according to a blog post following the launch.

As AI startups have rapidly changed the way that people can interact with content online, media companies, including Disney, have kicked off a series of fresh legal battles to try and protect their intellectual property.

Disney sent a cease and desist letter to Google late on Wednesday alleging the company infringed its copyrights on a “massive scale.” In the letter, which was viewed by CNBC, Disney said Google has been using its copyrighted works to train models and distributing copies of its protected content without authorization.

Universal and Disney have sued the AI image creator Midjourney, alleging that the company improperly used and distributed AI-generated characters from their movies. Disney also sent a cease and desist letter to Character.AI in September, warning the startup to stop using its copyrighted characters without authorization.

Disney’s deal with OpenAI suggests the company isn’t ruling out AI platforms entirely.

Read more CNBC tech news

The companies said they have affirmed a commitment to the use of AI that “protects user safety and the rights of creators” and “respects the creative industries,” according to the release.

OpenAI has also agreed to maintain “robust controls” to prevent illegal or harmful content from being generated on its platforms.

Some of the characters available through the deal include Mickey Mouse, Ariel, Cinderella, Iron Man and Darth Vader. Disney and OpenAI said the agreement does not include any talent likeness or voices.

Users will also be able to draw from the same intellectual property while using ChatGPT Images, where they can use natural language prompts to create images. 

“Disney is the global gold standard for storytelling, and we’re excited to partner to allow Sora and ChatGPT Images to expand the way people create and experience great content,” Altman said in a statement.

Curated selections of Sora videos will also be available to watch on Disney’s streaming platform Disney+.

WATCH: We tested OpenAI’s Sora 2 AI-video app to find out why Hollywood is worried

We tested OpenAI’s Sora 2 AI-video app to find out why Hollywood is worried

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Goldman Sachs leads investment in software delivery startup Harness at $5.5 billion valuation

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Goldman Sachs leads investment in software delivery startup Harness at .5 billion valuation

Jyoti Bansal, co-founder and CEO of Harness, speaks at the company’s Unscripted conference in London on Sept. 25, 2025.

Harness

Almost nine years ago, Jyoti Bansal sold AppDynamics to Cisco for $3.7 billion just as the software startup was set to go public.

Bansal’s latest venture, Harness, is now worth substantially more than that, after raking in $200 million in fresh capital at a $5.5 billion valuation in a funding round led by Goldman Sachs.

Harness’ technology helps companies manage and monitor code that’s produced with the help of artificial intelligence, making sure it doesn’t break, create security vulnerabilities or trigger cost overruns. It’s a compliment to the so-called vibe coding trend that’s taken off with the boom in generative AI.

In recent months, venture capitalists have poured money into startups such as Cursor, Lovable and most recently Kilo Code that sell subscriptions for tools for directing AI models to write and update software. Harness’ software draws on models from Anthropic and OpenAI.

Earlier this year, Bansal bolstered Harness’ cybersecurity chops by merging the startup with Traceable, another company he co-founded. The combined company, based in San Francisco, has a total of about 1,300 employees.

Harness is on track to exceed its goal of more than $250 million in annualized revenue, growing more than 50% year over year, Bansal said. That makes it larger than AppDynamics at the time it was acquired by Cisco.

Bansal is aiming for a different outcome this time.

“I’m a believer that at the right market timing, we want to operate as a public company, so we can build for the long term,” Bansal said.

In addition to the funding round, Harness is also planning a $40 million tender offer to provide some liquidity to long-standing employees.

WATCH: ‘Vibe-coding’s’ evil twin? How AI ‘vibe-hacking’ is upending cyber security

'Vibe-coding's' evil twin? How AI 'vibe-hacking' is upending cyber security

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Esusu, platform for renters to build credit scores, valued at $1.2 billion in new funding round

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Esusu, platform for renters to build credit scores, valued at .2 billion in new funding round

Esusu is helping renters build credit and move closer to home ownership

Esusu, a fintech platform that helps renters build credit scores, has raised $50 million in a Series C funding round at a $1.2 billion valuation.

Renters have remained largely excluded from the traditional credit system, with an estimated $1.4 trillion paid to landlords every year in the U.S., but only 20% of those landlords choosing to report the rent paid. As a result, millions of reliable renters remain in a category referred to as the “credit invisible.”

“110 million people in America rent … and less than 10% of that data shows up on their credit score,” said Esusu co-founder and CEO Wemimo Abbey in an interview on CNBC’s “Worldwide Exchange” on Thursday. “When people pay rent, we make sure it shows up in their credit score,” he said.

While on-time mortgage payments are known to increase one’s credit score, many renters don’t have any history of credit. Esusu reports on time rent payments to credit bureaus so renters can build their scores. Over 50 million Americans lack a credit history with the three major credit bureaus: Experian, Equifax and TransUnion.

The company says $30 billion in mortgages has already been accessed by renters who use its system.

“Esusu is fundamentally reshaping how the financial system can work for everyone,” Sean Mendy, partner at Westbound Equity Partners and a lead investor in the deal, said in a statement. “When people are given the tools to rise, they do.”

Esusu was ranked No. 49 on CNBC’s 2025 Disruptor 50 list.

Esusu partners with 65% of the largest commercial real estate owners and property managers in the U.S., as well as with banks. Since its launch in 2016, its platform has grown to support more than five million rental units nationwide, reaching about 12 million renters and processing nearly $100 billion in annual lease volume. Landlords that use its technology include Bell Partners, BH Management, Blackstone, Cortland, Invitation Homes, Jonathan Rose Companies, Kayne Anderson, Morgan Properties, Nuveen Real Estate, Pretium, Related Companies, TruAmerica, and WinnCompanies.

The fintech company plans to use the new funding to expand three initiatives. It will broaden distribution of its rent reporting API through what it calls “rent reporting as a service.” Among recent partners for this initiative, Esusu technology now reaches 228 million monthly active users through real estate platform Zillow. The company also plans to launch Esusu Pay in 2026, which will allow renters to split monthly rent into installments.

Esusu will also focus on the opportunity to make rental data a more prominent feature in mortgage underwriting. The Federal Housing Finance Agency has formalized the inclusion of rental data in mortgage underwriting, which will required verified rental and identity data. Esusu acquired identity verification firm Celeri early this year. Esusu already has partnerships with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to increase the number of units nationally that report rent as part of credit.

Esusu founders Abbey and Samir Goel grew up watching their families struggle financially as immigrants from Lagos, Nigeria, and New Delhi, India, respectively, which was a founding motivation for Esusu. “When we came here, we didn’t have a credit score. We went to one of the biggest financial institutions to borrow money; we were turned away and had to go borrow from a predatory lender who wanted to lend at over 400% interest rate,” Abbey told CNBC in a June 2025 interview. “My mother sold my dad’s wedding ring. We borrowed money from church members and that’s how we got started.”

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