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The OSINT team at Sky News uses satellite images, video and publicly available data to verify and investigate breaking stories.

Whether helping inform out coverage of conflicts in the middle east, or showing the scale of damage caused by hurricanes and floods, satellite images have been an important resource throughout the year.

As 2024 comes to an end, we have compiled some of the most striking and informative examples seen this year.

January: Earthquake hits Japan’s Noto Peninsula

Pic: Maxar
Image:
Pic: Maxar

On 1 January, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake affected the Noto Peninsula in Japan.

It killed more than 500 people, and cased substantial damage to buildings in the area.

February: First commercial mission to the moon lands

Pic: NASA
Image:
Pic: NASA

On 22 February, the first commercial mission to the moon landed.

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Odysseus, a Nova-C lander owned by Intuitive Machines, was photographed by NASA on 24 February after its arrival to the moon’s southern polar region.

This was the first time that a private company has successfully sent a spacecraft to the moon.

March: Container ship hits Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore

Pic: Maxar
Image:
Pic: Maxar

On 26 March, the container ship Dali hit Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge, causing it to collapse. This killed six maintenance workers.

The cost of replacing the bridge has been estimated to be close to $2bn.

April: Eclipse seen over Mexico and the Pacific Ocean

Pic: NASA
Image:
Pic: NASA

On 8 April, a total solar eclipse passed across North America. Caused by an alignment in the positions of the sun and moon, the phenomenon was visible in Mexico, the United States and Canada.

Its shadow was photographed by NASA as it passed over the Pacific Ocean and the eastern coast of Mexico.

May – Israeli strike targets Rafah camp

On 26 May, an Israeli airstrike targeted an area housing displaced people near the city of Rafah in the south of the Gaza Strip.

At least 45 people were killed in this strike, with many more injured. Images from the scene caused widespread international backlash. Israel said it was targeting senior Hamas commanders.

Investigations by Sky News and other outlets subsequently found that the munition used was an American-made GBU-39 bomb.

June: Volcanic eruption in Iceland

Pic: Planet Labs PBC
Image:
Pic: Planet Labs PBC

In mid-June, a volcano on Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula erupted.

Coinciding with increased earthquake activity, the eruption resulted in a large lava flow visible from space.

July: The Olympic Games held in Paris

Pic: Maxar
Image:
Pic: Maxar

In the summer, France hosted the Olympic Games in Paris. During the games several events were held close to the city’s famous landmarks.

This image, captured by Maxar, shows a temporary volleyball stadium in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower.

August: Wildfires approach the edge of Athens

Pic: Sentinel 2
Image:
Pic: Sentinel 2

In August, thousands of people were evacuated from the countryside surrounding Athens due to wildfires.

By the time the fires subsided, approximately 100,000 acres were burned.

September: Hurricane Helene makes landfall in the United States

Pic: NASA
Image:
Pic: NASA

On September 26, Hurricane Helene made landfall on the Florida Coast.

The storm left a trail of destruction across the southern United States, resulting in power cuts that in some cases lasted for days.

Satellite images taken at night by NASA show the storm passing over Florida and Georgia.

October: Flooding in Spain

Pic: Maxar
Image:
Pic: Maxar

At the end of October, the Spanish city of Valencia and its surrounding areas experienced severe flash flooding.

This killed more than 200 people, and covered large areas with water, mud and debris.

Satellite imagery captured by Maxar on 31 October shows the scale of the flooding, with the south of the city being worst affected.

November: Mount Fuji without snow in November for the first time in 130 years

Source: Planet Labs PBC
Image:
Source: Planet Labs PBC

Japan’s Mount Fuji made headlines this year, after its famous snow cap failed to materialise until 6 November.

Satellite imagery captured by Planet Labs shows the mountain without snow on 4 November for the first time in 130 years.

The appearance of snow on Mount Fuji occurred a month later than in 2023, when it was recorded on 5 October.

December: Russian military equipment gathered at airbase following fall of Assad

Pic: Maxar
Image:
Pic: Maxar

In December, the Syrian civil war came to a sudden end as rebel groups captured all previously government-held territory within the space of a few weeks.

While the former dictator Bashar al Assad fled to Russia, Russian troops and equipment that helped prop up his regime were left in the country.

Following the fall of Assad’s regime, it appears Russia is in the process of withdrawing from Syria.

On 19 December, a satellite image captured by Maxar showed large amounts of Russian military equipment assembled for transport from its Syrian airbase.

The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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At least 65 dead and hundreds missing as police make arrests over Hong Kong fire

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At least 65 dead and hundreds missing as police make arrests over Hong Kong fire

At least 65 people have been killed, and police have made several arrests, after a huge fire engulfed a high-rise residential complex in Hong Kong.

Authorities said nearly 300 people are also missing following the blaze at Wang Fuk Court in Tai Po – a suburban district with around 300,000 residents, near the border with mainland China.

A further 70 people have been injured, including more than 40 who were described as critically ill in hospital on Wednesday night. Around 900 people are also in shelters as a result of the blaze.

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Deadly blaze destroys Hong Kong tower blocks

Police have alleged its cause could have been a “grossly negligent” construction firm using unsafe materials.

Three people – two directors and an engineering consultant – have been arrested on suspicion of manslaughter.

“We have reason to believe that the company’s responsible parties were grossly negligent, which led to this accident and caused the fire to spread uncontrollably, resulting in major casualties,” said police superintendent Eileen Chung. Police have not named the company.

The complex, built in the 1980s, had been under renovation for a year.

Smoke rising from the Wang Fuk Court residential complex. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei
Image:
Smoke rising from the Wang Fuk Court residential complex. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei

The fire broke out on Wednesday afternoon. Pic: Reuters
Image:
The fire broke out on Wednesday afternoon. Pic: Reuters

Dozens of people remain in hospital, some are critically injured. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei
Image:
Dozens of people remain in hospital, some are critically injured. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei

One firefighter was among those killed tackling the blaze, which broke out at 2.51pm local time on Wednesday.

Fire crews said they had doused the flames in all seven of the affected blocks by Thursday morning, and were searching each floor for survivors.

Records show the Wang Fuk Court site consists of eight blocks, with almost 2,000 flats housing around 4,800 residents, including many elderly people.

A relative of a resident at the scene. Pic: Reuters
Image:
A relative of a resident at the scene. Pic: Reuters

Families have been identifying the bodies of relatives while others have been visiting shelters in the area, searching for missing loved ones.

Hong Kong leader John Lee said on Thursday the government will set up a HK$300m (£29m) fund to help residents.

Charred bamboo and plastic mesh covers the complex, which was undergoing renovation works. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Charred bamboo and plastic mesh covers the complex, which was undergoing renovation works. Pic: Reuters

Firefighters searching between floors at one of the high-rise blocks. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Firefighters searching between floors at one of the high-rise blocks. Pic: Reuters

The cause of the fire is being investigated, but it appears to have started in bamboo scaffolding and construction mesh sheets and then spread across seven of the complex’s eight buildings – likely aided by windy conditions.

Bamboo scaffolding is commonly used in Hong Kong, but is in the process of being phased out because of safety concerns.

Hong Kong’s Association for the Rights of Industrial Accident Victims said there have been at least three fires involving bamboo scaffolding this year.

Temporary shelters have been set up for residents. Pic: AP
Image:
Temporary shelters have been set up for residents. Pic: AP

Supplies are brought to a school which is serving as a shelter. Pic: Kyodo/AP
Image:
Supplies are brought to a school which is serving as a shelter. Pic: Kyodo/AP

Read more from Sky News:
Trump condemns ‘monstrous’ attack
Woman killed in shark attack
UK criticised over detained couple

China’s state broadcaster CCTV said President Xi Jinping has urged an “all-out effort” to extinguish the fire and minimise casualties and losses.

Both the US and British Consulate Generals for Hong Kong have sent condolences to those affected, as has Taiwan’s president.

Parts of the huge complex were still smouldering on Thursday. Pic: AP
Image:
Parts of the huge complex were still smouldering on Thursday. Pic: AP

Firefighters work to extinguish the blaze. Pic: AP
Image:
Firefighters work to extinguish the blaze. Pic: AP

The number of dead is the highest in a Hong Kong fire since 1948, when 176 people were killed in a warehouse blaze.

The fire has prompted comparisons to the Grenfell Tower blaze which killed 72 people in 2017, blamed on flammable cladding, as well as failings by the government and the construction industry.

“Our hearts go out to all those affected by the horrific fire in Hong Kong,” the Grenfell United survivors’ group said on
social media.

“To the families, friends and communities, we stand with you. You are not alone.”

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Washington DC shooting: Trump condemns ‘monstrous’ attack near White House – and says suspect is Afghan national

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Washington DC shooting: Trump condemns 'monstrous' attack near White House - and says suspect is Afghan national

Donald Trump has called for every Afghan national who entered the US under the Biden administration to be investigated following the shooting of two National Guard troops near the White House.

The president said the “monstrous, ambush-style attack” was carried out by an Afghan national who arrived in September 2021 during America’s chaotic withdrawal from Kabul.

“This attack underscores the single greatest national security threat facing our nation,” Mr Trump said in an address to the nation from Florida.

He vowed to “reexamine every single alien” who has entered the US from Afghanistan under the previous government, and said: “I am determined to ensure the animal who perpetrated this atrocity will pay the steepest possible price.”

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Trump condemns ‘animal’ shooting suspect

Suspect to face terror probe

America’s citizenship and immigration office said it had stopped processing all immigration requests relating to Afghan nationals indefinitely.

The suspect in custody is 29-year-old Rahmanullah Lakanwal.

Both guardsmen were shot in the head, according to NBC, citing senior officials briefed on the investigation.

Wednesday’s shooting – carried out with a handgun – will be investigated by the FBI as a possible act of terror.

The White House was placed into lockdown following the incident, while Mr Trump is away for Thanksgiving.

Pics: AP
Image:
Pics: AP

Victims in ‘critical condition’

West Virginia’s governor initially said both victims were members of his state’s National Guard and had died from their injuries – but later posted to say there were “conflicting reports about the condition of our two Guard members”.

Patrick Morrisey had said: “These brave West Virginians lost their lives in the service of their country.”

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Hundreds of National Guard members have been patrolling the capital after Mr Trump issued an emergency order in August, which federalised the local police force and sent in the guard from eight states and the District of Columbia.

Mr Trump has announced an extra 500 troops will be deployed in the wake of Wednesday’s shooting.

FBI director Kash Patel said the troops were “brazenly attacked in a horrendous act of violence”.

At a news conference, he clarified they were in a “critical condition”.

Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

Former president Joe Biden, who was heavily criticised by Mr Trump in his address, said he and his wife Jill were “heartbroken” by the shooting.

“Violence of any kind is unacceptable, and we must all stand united against it,” said a statement.

Analysis: Trump’s statement could embolden anti-immigration Americans

US correspondent Mark Stone said it was expected that Trump’s statement would have an update on the investigation and the victims’ condition.

“What struck me was the president’s decision to be so political and to make the point as he wanted to, it seemed, that this will now embolden him to find out who else might be here illegally, wherever they may be from,” Stone said.

“And he singled out Somalis in Minnesota, of course, a Democratic-run state.”

Stone said Trump’s statement could further embolden those who already hold anti-immigration sentiments.

“You might expect a leader in this sort of situation to deal with the facts as he knows them and to call for unity. But it’s not Trump’s style to do that.”

How the attack unfolded

Jeff Carroll, chief of the metropolitan police department in the area, said the attack began at 2.15pm local time (7.15pm in the UK) while National Guard members were on “high visibility patrols in the area”.

He said: “A suspect came around the corner, raised his arm with a firearm and discharged it at the National Guard.

“The National Guard members were… able to – after some back and forth – able to subdue the individual and bring them into custody.”

Washington DC mayor Muriel Bowser called the attack a “targeted shooting”.

Pics: AP
Image:
Pics: AP

Social media footage showed first responders attempting CPR on one of the soldiers as they treated the other on a pavement covered in glass.

Nearby other officers could be seen restraining an individual on the ground.

Emergency personnel cordon off an area near where the National Guard soldiers were shot. Pics: AP
Image:
Emergency personnel cordon off an area near where the National Guard soldiers were shot. Pics: AP

The scene was cordoned off by police tape, while agents from the US Secret Service and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives attended the scene, as National Guard troops stood sentry nearby.

The FBI was also on the scene, the agency’s director said.

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Woman killed and man injured in shark attack in New South Wales, Australia

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Woman killed and man injured in shark attack in New South Wales, Australia

A woman has been killed by a shark and a man seriously injured at a popular beach in Australia.

Emergency services were alerted to the attack at Crowdy Bay National Park, near Port Macquarie, around 218 miles north of Sydney, at 6.30am local time on Thursday.

They were responding to reports two people had been bitten by a shark.

The pair had entered the water at Kylies Beach, a popular surfing spot, for an early morning swim.

The woman, who is believed to be in her 20s, died at the scene. She has not yet been identified.

The man, also understood to be in his 20s, was airlifted to hospital in a critical condition.

He is now said to be in a serious but stable condition, with police believing a bystander’s first aid may have prevented a double fatality.

Police Chief Inspector Timothy Bayly said: “I just really need to have a shoutout to the bystander on the beach who put a makeshift tourniquet on the male’s leg which obviously potentially saved his life and allowed New South Wales Ambulance paramedics to get to him and render first aid.”

The officer did not give any further details of the injuries or circumstances of the attack.

He said: “At this stage, all I’m prepared to say is they were known to each other and they were going for a swim and the shark attacked.”

Read more:
Man killed in shark attack in Australia after screams heard
Girl , 17, killed by shark while swimming in Queensland

Shark attacks on two people are very rare, experts say. File pic: iStock
Image:
Shark attacks on two people are very rare, experts say. File pic: iStock


Experts said it is rare for a shark to attack more than one person.

Gavin Naylor, director of the University of Florida‘s shark research programme, said: “It is very unusual. Individual shark attacks are rare. And shark attacks on two people by the same individual is not unheard of, but it’s very rare.”

He added: “Sometimes younger sharks are less judicious and they can make mistakes. Where sharks are close to seal colonies and feeding, the probability (of attack) is higher.

“The few bites that we do have where a single shark has bitten multiple people, it’s usually tiger sharks. We’ve never seen white sharks do that unless somebody’s heroically jumping in the way.”

The beach – known for camping, fishing spots and hiking tracks – has been closed to the public as authorities work to determine the species of shark involved.

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