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An international team of astronomers has studied a nearby galaxy cluster merger, offering new insights into the processes of galactic collisions. Observations of CIZA J0107.7+5408, a post-core passage binary cluster merger, were carried out using the Very Large Array (VLA). These findings have shed light on the intricate dynamics of merging galaxy clusters, which are key to understanding phenomena such as cosmic ray acceleration, the properties of dark matter, and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.

Complex Dynamics of CIZA J0107.7+5408

According to the study published on the preprint server arXiv, CIZA J0107.7+5408 (CIZA0107) is located at a redshift of approximately 0.1 and consists of two subclusters with optical density peaks offset from their X-ray emission peaks. Led by Emma Schwartzmann of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the research aimed to image the diffuse radio emission in this system, constrain its integrated spectrum, and analyze the spectral index distribution.

The team utilized observations between 240–470 MHz and 2.0–4.0 GHz. The analysis confirmed the disturbed nature of the cluster, which features a merger axis in the northeast-southwest direction. Diffuse radio emission spanning about 1.6 million light-years was detected in each subcluster. Additionally, regions of ultra-steep spectral emission were identified northwest and southeast of the southwestern subcluster’s radio emission peak.

Spectral and Structural Findings

The research highlighted that both subclusters exhibit a spectral index of around -1.3. Ultra-steep spectral slopes of approximately -2.2 and -2.9 were recorded in the northwestern and southeastern regions, respectively. A sharp radio edge associated with the southwestern subcluster was observed at 340 MHz but was absent at 3.0 GHz, where emission extended beyond the X-ray shock front.

The study suggested that CIZA0107 may host a double halo structure or that the observed emission originates from relics projected onto the cluster’s central regions. These findings enhance understanding of galaxy cluster mergers and their role in cosmic evolution

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Battle Site Between Alexander the Great and Ancient Persians Discovered

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January 3, 2025

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Battle Site Between Alexander the Great and Ancient Persians Discovered

The site of Alexander the Great’s decisive Battle of the Granicus against the Persian Empire appears to have been uncovered in northwest Turkey. Archaeologists have pinpointed the location roughly 10 kilometres north of Biga, where the famed confrontation occurred in 334 B.C. This victory allowed Alexander to establish a critical foothold in Persian territory, marking a pivotal moment in his campaign and reshaping the trajectory of ancient history. Evidence unearthed at the site includes remains of the ancient city of Hermaion, believed to have been Alexander’s final encampment before the battle.

Findings Based on Historical and Scientific Evidence

According to a report by Live Science, the team led by Reyhan Körpe, an archaeology professor at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, carried out extensive research to validate the battlefield’s location. Historical records describing the terrain were compared with modern geomorphological studies. These studies revealed that the Granicus River’s path has remained largely unchanged since ancient times, while nearby marshy areas were ruled out as potential sites for the battle.

Further supporting the discovery were findings from Hermaion, including graves unearthed by local farmers in 2024. Among these, human bones discovered on a hillside believed to have housed Persian Greek mercenaries were examined. While the absence of grave markers suggests an informal burial, tests are ongoing to determine the age and cause of death of the remains.

Next Steps in Excavation

Plans for geophysical surveys and detailed digs have been announced to explore the site’s deeper layers and provide more insights into this historic confrontation. The team’s work offers a glimpse into Alexander’s military strategy and the broader impact of his campaigns on ancient civilisations.

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Extreme Cold and Snowstorms to Hit the US As Polar Vortex Shifts

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January 3, 2025

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Extreme Cold and Snowstorms to Hit the US As Polar Vortex Shifts

An intense wave of Arctic weather is predicted to sweep through the eastern United States (US), with meteorologists warning of the coldest temperatures in more than a decade. A polar vortex surge, accompanied by significant atmospheric pressure changes, is expected to drive temperatures far below seasonal norms. Regions including the Appalachians, Great Lakes, and Northeast may face heavy snowfall and disruptive winter storms, while wind chills in the southeastern US could pose serious safety risks.

Record-Breaking Cold Weather Anticipated

According to weather reports, the polar vortex — a mass of cold, low-pressure air circulating the Arctic — has expanded southwards. This shift, combined with high-pressure systems in Canada, is forecast to bring sub-freezing temperatures as far as the Gulf Coast and Florida. Reports indicate that some areas might experience temperatures 17 degrees Celsius below average, with the potential for rare phenomena such as iguanas in Florida becoming immobilised by the cold.

Long-Lasting Arctic Conditions

As reported by Live Science, the Arctic blast is likely to persist through mid-January, with analysts projecting that January 2025 could rival the coldest months recorded in over a decade. Paul Pastelok, AccuWeather’s lead long-range forecaster, has highlighted the likelihood of multiple Arctic high-pressure systems descending into the US, sustaining the freezing conditions over several days to Live Science.

Potential Disruptions and Safety Concerns

Reports suggest that widespread disruptions are expected due to heavy snow and icy conditions. Power grids in vulnerable areas may face strain, while poorly insulated homes in southern states could suffer from frozen pipes. Analysts have also noted the possibility of record-breaking cold in states such as Virginia, Georgia and Florida.

Preparations and vigilance are advised for affected areas, with officials emphasising the importance of safety measures during this period of extreme weather.

For the latest tech news and reviews, follow Gadgets 360 on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News. For the latest videos on gadgets and tech, subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you want to know everything about top influencers, follow our in-house Who’sThat360 on Instagram and YouTube.


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Bird-Inspired Wing Design Could Boost Performance of Aeroplanes

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January 3, 2025

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Bird-Inspired Wing Design Could Boost Performance of Aeroplanes

The flight dynamics of birds have inspired researchers to explore innovative enhancements for aeroplane wings. Featherlike flaps, designed to resemble the covert feathers seen on bird wings, have demonstrated the potential to improve lift, reduce drag, and prevent stalls. These advancements, inspired by avian flight mechanisms, aim to enhance the efficiency and safety of aircraft, particularly during challenging manoeuvres such as landings or flights through turbulent conditions. The findings suggest promising applications for both commercial and specialised aviation.

Findings from Recent Research

According to a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, lightweight flaps mimicking covert feathers were tested on model airplane wings in a wind tunnel. It was observed that these flaps improved airflow around the wings, resulting in a significant increase in lift by up to 45 percent and a reduction in drag by 31 percent.

Unlike conventional wing flaps operated manually by pilots, these bird-inspired components automatically adjust when the wings encounter a high angle of attack, a situation often associated with sudden loss of lift.

Insights from Experts

Aimy Wissa, an engineer at Princeton University, told Science News Explores that the design of these flaps does not rely on mechanical controls but rather responds naturally to aerodynamic conditions. Multiple rows of flaps positioned across the wing, not limited to its front or rear, contributed to enhanced lift by maintaining a steady airflow and blocking high-pressure air from disrupting lift production at critical points.

Applications for Aircraft Stability

Testing on remote-controlled aircraft revealed improved flight stability, particularly under gusty weather or during operations on short runways. Researchers have highlighted the potential of this design to address challenges in aviation, where precise control and efficiency are critical as per the publication.

By adapting concepts from bird flight, engineers aim to develop planes capable of smoother, more reliable performance in demanding scenarios. These developments underscore the potential for bio-inspired innovations in advancing aviation technology.

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