An international team of astronomers has studied a nearby galaxy cluster merger, offering new insights into the processes of galactic collisions. Observations of CIZA J0107.7+5408, a post-core passage binary cluster merger, were carried out using the Very Large Array (VLA). These findings have shed light on the intricate dynamics of merging galaxy clusters, which are key to understanding phenomena such as cosmic ray acceleration, the properties of dark matter, and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.

Complex Dynamics of CIZA J0107.7+5408

According to the study published on the preprint server arXiv, CIZA J0107.7+5408 (CIZA0107) is located at a redshift of approximately 0.1 and consists of two subclusters with optical density peaks offset from their X-ray emission peaks. Led by Emma Schwartzmann of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the research aimed to image the diffuse radio emission in this system, constrain its integrated spectrum, and analyze the spectral index distribution.

The team utilized observations between 240–470 MHz and 2.0–4.0 GHz. The analysis confirmed the disturbed nature of the cluster, which features a merger axis in the northeast-southwest direction. Diffuse radio emission spanning about 1.6 million light-years was detected in each subcluster. Additionally, regions of ultra-steep spectral emission were identified northwest and southeast of the southwestern subcluster’s radio emission peak.

Spectral and Structural Findings

The research highlighted that both subclusters exhibit a spectral index of around -1.3. Ultra-steep spectral slopes of approximately -2.2 and -2.9 were recorded in the northwestern and southeastern regions, respectively. A sharp radio edge associated with the southwestern subcluster was observed at 340 MHz but was absent at 3.0 GHz, where emission extended beyond the X-ray shock front.

The study suggested that CIZA0107 may host a double halo structure or that the observed emission originates from relics projected onto the cluster’s central regions. These findings enhance understanding of galaxy cluster mergers and their role in cosmic evolution