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Success rates for couples trying to have a child via in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) could be improved courtesy of a growing number of clinics using artificial intelligence (AI).

One in six couples are affected by infertility, with 52,500 people using IVF in 2022.

But the results are not guaranteed and it can take several rounds to have a successful birth – costing would-be parents many thousands of pounds.

Now there’s hope both the odds and the experience of IVF could be improved; thanks to the small but growing number of clinics around the world using artificial intelligence (AI) throughout the process.

At the Avenues Clinic, by Euston station in north London, we’re shown around a lab that the medical director says “has AI integrated into all aspects of its techniques”.

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Avenues Clinic, by Euston station in North London
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AI helps reveal which is the ‘best grade’ sperm

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Avenues Clinic, by Euston station in North London, Medical Director Dr Jyoti Taneja
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Dr Jyoti Taneja says AI can be used to select the best sperm, eggs and embryos

Dr Jyoti Taneja says the AI software can tell which sperm, eggs and embryos are healthiest, to be selected for fertilisation and implantation.

As a patient’s sperm sample is surveyed by one of her embryologists, we see individual male gametes appear on the screen circled in green with little letters ‘A,’ ‘B,’ or ‘C.’ This is the AI – she explains – highlighting the ‘best grade’ sperm.

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Dr Taneja claims it can save her team hours of work, and will “lead to more successful and healthy outcomes, to minimise miscarriage and other abnormalities”.

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Case study Laura Farrel who is 9.5 weeks pregnant
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Mum-to-be Laura Farrell became pregnant with a little help from AI

After transferring her embryos to the clinic from another practice, mum-to-be Laura Farrell said they used their AI software to select which one to use. She’s now nine-and-a-half weeks pregnant.

For her, the AI use is “fantastic” and she thinks “women should be aware of that when they make their decision about which IVF clinic to go with because there are so many different choices out there”.

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Case study Laura Farrel who is 9.5 weeks pregnant
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Laura proudly holds her scans, she is nine-and-a-half weeks pregnant

But she stresses the difficulties of accessing IVF – from the high cost to policies which bar certain people from accessing it on the NHS – mean there’s a long way to go.

“There is a lot of inequality and there is a lot of discrimination with regards to telling women they are not allowed NHS help even though they have confirmed infertility diagnosis purely on the basis they are a single female”.

Given the cost of a single round, she says if AI means “you can get first-time results, that’s fantastic”. But she said “I think the larger issue here is women being denied help in the first place based on really discriminatory factors, such as just being single”.

Current success rates for IVF are low, and hugely varied by age. In 2022 just a third of women aged 34 and under had a successful birth from IVF when using their own eggs. That dropped to just 5% for women aged between 43 and 44.

It’s too soon to see how – or if – AI has improved the outcomes of women undergoing IVF in this way, but Avenues consultant Ali Al Chami says it’s streamlined the process – without taking over the medical decision-making:

“I look at AI in general as supporting decision making, because at the end of the day it’s our decision as doctors, as embryologists for the final selection of the embryo.

“But when we integrate the AI with the patient history and the treatments, it certainly improves things, and gives more clarity for the patients.”

It’s hoped that as the technology improves, so will the cost and outcomes for parents.

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Dr Ali Abbara is a leading consultant at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
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Dr Ali Abbara believes AI can make IVF cheaper and more efficient

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Dr Ali Abbara is a leading consultant at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. He thinks AI has huge potential to ‘transform’ IVF treatment by making it cheaper and more efficient.

But he urges caution, and the need for more data, in the technology’s ‘early days’.

“We need to prove a lot of these things before rolling them out, it’s fine to have a theory that it’s going to help but it’s important to demonstrate that and everything is optimised before we roll it out.”

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Starmer and Reeves hint at tax rises to come ahead of unusual pre-budget speech today

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Starmer and Reeves hint at tax rises to come ahead of unusual pre-budget speech today

Sir Keir Starmer and Rachel Reeves have hinted at tax rises to come when the chancellor delivers the budget later this month.

In a Downing Street speech this morning, Ms Reeves will address “speculation” that an increase in income tax will be announced during the highly-anticipated statement on 26 November.

Politics Hub: Follow chancellor’s speech live

Sky News political editor Beth Rigby said it was “highly unusual” for the chancellor to make such a speech, but the Treasury believes she must “try to prepare the ground and make the argument for another big tax-raising budget”.

“I will make the choices necessary to deliver strong foundations for our economy – for this year, and years to come,” Ms Reeves will say.

Last night, Sir Keir gave Labour MPs a taste of what’s to come by warning of the need for “tough but fair” decisions.

Speaking at a party meeting in Westminster, he said the budget “takes place against a difficult economic backdrop”.

“It’s becoming clearer the long-term impact of Tory austerity, their botched Brexit deal and the pandemic on Britain’s productivity is worse than even we feared,” the prime minister said.

“Faced with that, we will make the tough but fair decisions to renew our country and build it for the long term.”

Starmer and Reeves know how hard this is going to be

I don’t need to tell you how difficult and contested this is going to be.

Only a year ago, the chancellor unveiled the biggest tax-raising budget since 1993 and said it was a “once in a parliament event”.

MPs will be fearing a massive backlash should manifesto promises on not raising income tax (and VAT and national insurance) for working people be broken.

Government figures know how hard it’s going to be but argue the chancellor has to level with the public about the hard choices ahead and what is driving her decision-making.

It comes after Sir Keir refused to confirm at Prime Minister’s Questions last week that the budget would honour his party’s manifesto pledge not to raise income tax, national insurance or VAT.

Having raised taxes in last year’s budget, notably national insurance on employers, Ms Reeves has also previously promised not to “come back for more” during this parliament.

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Will Labour raise taxes?

The PM and chancellor’s warnings come after reports suggested the Office for Budget Responsibility is expected to downgrade its productivity growth forecast for the UK by about 0.3 percentage points.

That would leave Ms Reeves with a larger than expected fiscal black hole to fill, possibly up to £30bn.

She is said to be considering a proposal from The Resolution Foundation, a left-leaning thinktank close to the government, to raise income tax by 2p but cut national insurance by the same amount.

The thinktank, which used to be headed by Torsten Bell, a Labour MP who is now a key aide to Ms Reeves and a pensions minister, said the move would raise vital cash while protecting working people.

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A promise-breaking budget?

Reeves to prioritise NHS and cost of living

Giving a further flavour of what to expect, Ms Reeves will this morning vow to make “important choices that will shape our economy for years to come”.

“It is important that people understand the circumstances we are facing, the principles guiding my choices – and why I believe they will be the right choices for the country,” she will add.

Ms Reeves will say her priorities are cutting national debt, easing the cost of living and protecting the NHS.

“It will be a budget led by this government’s values,” she’s set to say.

“Of fairness and opportunity and focused squarely on the priorities of the British people: protecting our NHS, reducing our national debt and improving the cost of living.”

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Man charged with 11 counts of attempted murder over mass train stabbing and another attack at station hours earlier

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Man charged with 11 counts of attempted murder over mass train stabbing and another attack at station hours earlier

A 32-year-old man has been charged with 10 counts of attempted murder after a mass stabbing on a high-speed train.

Anthony Williams, 32, from Peterborough, was arrested on Saturday evening following an attack on the Doncaster to London King’s Cross LNER service.

He has been charged with 10 counts of attempted murder, one count of actual bodily harm and one count of possession of a bladed article following a knife attack on a train in Cambridgeshire on Saturday, British Transport Police (BTP) said.

BTP said he has also been charged with another count of attempted murder and possession of a bladed article in connection with an incident on a London train in the early hours of 1 November.

Police said a victim suffered facial injuries after being attacked at 12.46am with a knife on a train at Pontoon Dock station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in east London.

In a statement to Sky News, BTP said the suspect had left the location before police arrived and officers subsequently identified Williams as a suspect.

Williams will appear at Peterborough Magistrates on Monday morning, police said.

Armed police were deployed to Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, where the train was stopped and made the arrest within eight minutes of the first 999 call.

Forensic teams gathering evidence at Huntingdon train station on Sunday, after a mass train stabbing. Pic: PA
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Forensic teams gathering evidence at Huntingdon train station on Sunday, after a mass train stabbing. Pic: PA

Footage of the arrest has emerged, showing a man on the ground surrounded by officers and a barking police dog, with the sound of a Taser being deployed.

Another man, 35, from London, who was also detained, was later released after officers established he was not involved.

On Monday, Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander told Sky News that one man, originally suffering life-threatening injuries, was now in a critical but stable condition in hospital.

She told Mornings with Ridge and Frost programme: “He went in to do his job, and he left work a hero. And there are people who are alive today because of his actions and his bravery.”

On Sunday, British Transport Police (BTP) confirmed he was a member of LNER rail staff who tried to stop the attacker.

“Having viewed the CCTV from the train, the actions of the member of rail staff were nothing short of heroic and undoubtedly saved people’s lives,” said BTP Deputy Chief Constable (DCC) Stuart Cundy.

The train driver, named as Andrew Johnson, has also been hailed as “courageous” for his actions during the stabbings.

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Following the announcement about the charges on Monday, DCC Cundy warned against anyone interfering with their ongoing investigation.

“Our investigation is also looking at other possible linked offences. Following the charges authorised by the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) I would stress the importance of not saying or publishing anything which might jeopardise or prejudice ongoing criminal proceedings, or the integrity of the investigation.”

Ms Alexander also told Sky News that BTP would be “increasing the visible patrols at stations” over the next few days.

“But generally, our trains are some of the most safest forms of public transport anywhere in the world,” she added.

Armed police officers on patrol at St Pancras International station on Monday morning. Pic: PA
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Armed police officers on patrol at St Pancras International station on Monday morning. Pic: PA

Tracy Easton, chief crown prosecutor for CPS Direct, said: “Our team of out-of-hours prosecutors worked to establish that there is sufficient evidence to bring the case to trial and it is in the public interest to pursue criminal proceedings.

“We worked closely with British Transport Police to review a huge volume of evidence including CCTV. The number of charges will be kept under review as this continues to progress.

“We know the devastating impact the events on Saturday’s train has had and how the incident shocked the entire country. Our thoughts remain with all those affected.”

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Pregnant British teenager held on drugs charges freed from Georgian jail

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Pregnant British teenager held on drugs charges freed from Georgian jail

A pregnant British teenager has been released from jail in Georgia after being held on drug smuggling charges.

Bella May Culley, 19, of Billingham, County Durham, was arrested in May at Tbilisi Airport and accused of attempting to smuggle 12kg of marijuana and 2kg of hashish into the country.

She was found guilty by a Georgian court on Monday and sentenced to five months and 25 days in prison, the total time she had already spent in custody. Her family also paid a 500,000 lari (about £138,000) as part of a plea deal aimed at reducing her sentence.

Culley and her mother, Lyanne Kennedy, both cried as the verdict was read.

Wearing a cream blazer, the teenager looked overwhelmed as she was released from custody on Monday.

Asked how she felt, she said she was “happy” and told reporters she did not expect to be freed.

Bella Culley at an earlier court hearing in May. Pic: RUSTAVI 2/AP
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Bella Culley at an earlier court hearing in May. Pic: RUSTAVI 2/AP

Culley’s mother held her daughter’s hand as she was released.

Georgian prosecutors were considering a two-year sentence, but “decided to consider the time she has already served,” case prosecutor Vakhtang Tsalughelashvili told The Associated Press.

Culley’s lawyer, Malkhaz Salakhaia, said she would be given her passport and would be free to leave the country on Monday.

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Police footage released in May showed Culley in handcuffs as she made an initial court appearance. Pic: AP

The teenager pleaded not guilty to the charges after her arrest, saying she was tortured in Thailand and forced to carry the drugs.

Culley initially pleaded not guilty at a hearing in July to possession and trafficking illegal drugs.

She initially faced a maximum penalty of up to 15 years or life imprisonment, but was in talks with prosecutors about a potential plea bargain.

Bella Culley walks with her mother, Lyanne Kennedy, following her release. Pic: Reuters
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Bella Culley walks with her mother, Lyanne Kennedy, following her release. Pic: Reuters

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In Georgia, a nation of 3.7 million in the South Caucasus, the law allows for financial plea agreements that can be reached to reduce or eliminate a prison sentence in certain cases.

Such plea agreements are often obtained in drug-related cases.

Culley was reported missing in Thailand before her arrest at Tbilisi Airport on May 10.

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