The deaths of a young woman and a teenage boy while in custody at a young offenders’ institution in Scotland “might have been avoided”, an inquiry has found.
Katie Allan, 21, and William Brown, 16, took their own lives within months of each other at Polmont Young Offenders Institution in Falkirk in 2018.
A fatal accident inquiry (FAI) was held last year into the deaths.
In his determination, published on Friday, Sheriff Simon Collins said “systemic failures” contributed to their deaths and made 25 recommendations as part of efforts to “realistically prevent” other tragedies in similar circumstances.
Image: Polmont Young Offenders Institution
University of Glasgow student Allan, 21, was found dead in her cell on 4 June 2018 while serving a 16-month sentence for drink-driving and causing serious injury by dangerous driving.
Brown, also known as William Lindsay, was found dead in his cell on 7 October 2018, three days after being admitted to Polmont as there was no space in a children’s secure unit, having walked into a police station with a knife.
‘Multiple failures by prison and healthcare staff’
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Image: Ms Allan. Pic: PA
Sheriff Collins singled out the Scottish Prison Service’s (SPS) Talk to Me (TTM) suicide prevention strategy.
He noted Ms Allan had been assessed but was not deemed to be at risk on her admission to custody – first to HMP Cornton Vale then Polmont – nor at any time prior to her death almost three months later.
However, he said that during her incarceration there was a “systemic failure” by prison staff to complete “concern forms” that could have triggered the TTM process, pointing to a number of incidents recorded by prison staff that should have been red flags.
These included Ms Allan being bullied by other prisoners, distress caused by hair loss resulting from alopecia, her distress at being strip-searched by prison staff, and the failure of her appeal against her conviction.
Her weight also dropped from 65kg to 58kg during her time at the facility, which Sheriff Collins said should have been a “cause for concern” by staff.
The sheriff found “multiple failures by prison and healthcare staff to properly identify, record and share information” relevant to Ms Allan’s risk in accordance with TTM.
‘A catalogue of individual and collective failures’
Image: William Brown. Pic: Aamer Anwar & Co
Mr Brown was placed on TTM on admission to Polmont only to be removed from it the next morning, despite presenting as a “very high risk” individual.
He was also not placed back on TTM when “further information” about his level of risk was provided to prison staff by a social worker later that day.
Sheriff Collins added: “William’s death resulted from a catalogue of individual and collective failures by prison and healthcare staff in Polmont.
“Almost all of those who interacted with him were at fault to some extent.”
‘A realistic possibility their deaths might have been avoided’
The sheriff also described as “defective” the systems for sharing information between the SPS and other bodies, including courts and external agencies, about prisoner risk.
He additionally found issues with the way risk assessment information was recorded on prison systems.
The sheriff said “reasonable precautions” could have been taken around the safety of cells which may also have helped to prevent the deaths.
Sheriff Collins stated: “Had Katie been put on TTM on the night of 3 to 4 June 2018, and had William not been removed from it prior to the night of 6 to 7 October 2018, there was a realistic possibility that their deaths might have been avoided.”
He added: “Had they been on TTM at these times, it is likely that they would have been, at the very least, subject to regular checks and observations within their cells, in particular overnight.
“The time available to them to die by suicide without being observed would therefore have been materially reduced.
“That does not mean that their deaths would necessarily have been avoided, or even that they would probably have been avoided. But I have no hesitation in accepting that there was at least a realistic possibility that they might have been.”
Raft of recommendations
The 25 recommendations included ligature prevention, such as removing double bunk beds from cells, and identifying and removing, so far as reasonably practicable, ligature anchor points.
In regards to information sharing and recording, the sheriff has called for Scottish ministers to put a system in place that ensures all documentation available to a court when a young person is sent to custody is passed to SPS at the time of their admission.
The sheriff said TTM, which is currently under review by the SPS, should also be extensively revised.
One of the recommendations included a presumption for all prisoners sent to Polmont to be subject to TTM for a minimum of 72 hours following admission, and not to be removed from it until a case conference has so decided.
‘These deaths should not have happened’
Justice Secretary Angela Constance said the deaths of Ms Allan and Mr Brown “should not have happened whilst they were in the care of the state”.
A spokesperson for the SPS added: “We are grateful to Sheriff Collins for his recommendations, which we will now carefully consider before responding further.”
A small plane has crashed at Southend Airport in Essex.
Essex Police said it was at the scene of a “serious incident”.
Images posted online showed huge flames and a large cloud of black smoke, with one witness saying they saw a “fireball”.
A police statement said: “We were alerted shortly before 4pm to reports of a collision involving one 12-metre plane.
“We are working with all emergency services at the scene now and that work will be ongoing for several hours.
“We would please ask the public to avoid this area where possible while this work continues.”
Image: A huge fireball near the airport. Pic: Ben G
It has been reported that the plane involved in the incident is a Beech B200 Super King Air.
According to flight-tracking service Flightradar, it took off at 3.48pm and was bound for Lelystad, a city in the Netherlands.
One man, who was at Southend Airport with his family around the time of the incident, said the aircraft “crashed headfirst into the ground”.
John Johnson said: “About three or four seconds after taking off, it started to bank heavily to its left, and then within a few seconds of that happening, it more or less inverted and crashed.
“There was a big fireball. Obviously, everybody was in shock in terms of witnessing it. All the kids saw it and the families saw it.”
Mr Johnson added that he phoned 999 to report the crash.
Southend Airport said the incident involved “a general aviation aircraft”.
Four flights scheduled to take off from Southend this afternoon were cancelled, according to its website.
Flightradar data shows two planes that had been due to land at Southend were diverted to nearby airports London Gatwick and London Stansted.
Image: Plumes of black smoke. Pic: UKNIP
Essex County Fire and Rescue Service said four crews, along with off-road vehicles, have attended the scene.
Four ambulances and four hazardous area response team vehicles are also at the airport, as well as an air ambulance, the East of England Ambulance Service said.
Its statement described the incident as “still developing”.
Image: Fire engines at the airport
David Burton-Sampson, the MP for Southend West and Leigh, posted on social media: “I am aware of an incident at Southend Airport. Please keep away and allow the emergency services to do their work.
“My thoughts are with everyone involved.”
Local councillor Matt Dent said on X: “At present all I know is that a small plane has crashed at the airport. My thoughts are with all those involved, and with the emergency services currently responding to the incident.”
This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.
Another hint that tax rises are coming in this autumn’s budget has been given by a senior minister.
Speaking to Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips, Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander was asked if Sir Keir Starmer and the rest of the cabinet had discussed hiking taxes in the wake of the government’s failed welfare reforms, which were shot down by their own MPs.
Trevor Phillips asked specifically if tax rises were discussed among the cabinet last week – including on an away day on Friday.
Tax increases were not discussed “directly”, Ms Alexander said, but ministers were “cognisant” of the challenges facing them.
Asked what this means, Ms Alexander added: “I think your viewers would be surprised if we didn’t recognise that at the budget, the chancellor will need to look at the OBR forecast that is given to her and will make decisions in line with the fiscal rules that she has set out.
“We made a commitment in our manifesto not to be putting up taxes on people on modest incomes, working people. We have stuck to that.”
Ms Alexander said she wouldn’t comment directly on taxes and the budget at this point, adding: “So, the chancellor will set her budget. I’m not going to sit in a TV studio today and speculate on what the contents of that budget might be.
“When it comes to taxation, fairness is going to be our guiding principle.”
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Afterwards, shadow home secretary Chris Philp told Phillips: “That sounds to me like a barely disguised reference to tax rises coming in the autumn.”
He then went on to repeat the Conservative attack lines that Labour are “crashing the economy”.
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10:43
Chris Philp also criticsed the government’s migration deal with France
Mr Philp then attacked the prime minister as “weak” for being unable to get his welfare reforms through the Commons.
Discussions about potential tax rises have come to the fore after the government had to gut its welfare reforms.
Sir Keir had wanted to change Personal Independence Payments (PIP), but a large Labour rebellion forced him to axe the changes.
With the savings from these proposed changes – around £5bn – already worked into the government’s sums, they will now need to find the money somewhere else.
The general belief is that this will take the form of tax rises, rather than spending cuts, with more money needed for military spending commitments, as well as other areas of priority for the government, such as the NHS.
It is “shameful” that black boys growing up in London are “far more likely” to die than white boys, Metropolitan Police chief Sir Mark Rowley has told Sky News.
In a wide-ranging interview with Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips, the commissioner saidthat relations with minority communities are “difficult for us”, while also speaking about the state of the justice system and the size of the police force.
Sir Mark, who came out of retirement to become head of the UK’s largest police force in 2022, said: “We can’t pretend otherwise that we’ve got a history between policing and black communities where policing has got a lot wrong.
“And we get a lot more right today, but we do still make mistakes. That’s not in doubt. I’m being as relentless in that as it can be.”
He said the “vast majority” of the force are “good people”.
However, he added: “But that legacy, combined with the tragedy that some of this crime falls most heavily in black communities, that creates a real problem because the legacy creates concern.”
Sir Mark, who also leads the UK’s counter-terrorism policing, said black boys growing up in London “are far more likely to be dead by the time they’re 18” than white boys.
“That’s, I think, shameful for the city,” he admitted.
“The challenge for us is, as we reach in to tackle those issues, that confrontation that comes from that reaching in, whether it’s stop and search on the streets or the sort of operations you seek.
“The danger is that’s landing in an environment with less trust.
“And that makes it even harder. But the people who win out of that [are] all of the criminals.”
Image: Met Police Commissioner Sir Mark Rowley
The commissioner added: “I’m so determined to find a way to get past this because if policing in black communities can find a way to confront these issues, together we can give black boys growing up in London equal life chances to white boys, which is not what we’re seeing at the moment.
“And it’s not simply about policing, is it?”
Sir Mark said: “I think black boys are several times more likely to be excluded from school, for example, than white boys.
“And there are multiple issues layered on top of each other that feed into disproportionality.”
‘We’re stretched, but there’s hope and determination’
Sir Mark said the Met is a “stretched service” but people who call 999 can expect an officer to attend.
“If you are in the middle of a crisis and something awful is happening and you dial 999, officers will get there really quickly,” Sir Mark said.
“I don’t pretend we’re not a stretched service.
“We are smaller than I think we ought to be, but I don’t want to give a sort of message of a lack of hope or a lack of determination.”
“I’ve seen the mayor and the home secretary fighting hard for police resourcing,” he added.
“It’s not what I’d want it to be, but it’s better than it might be without their efforts.”
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0:39
How police tracked and chased suspected phone thief
‘Close to broken’ justice system facing ‘awful’ delays
Sir Mark said the criminal justice system was “close to broken” and can be “frustrating” for police officers.
“The thing that is frustrating is that the system – and no system can be perfect – but when the system hasn’t managed to turn that person’s life around and get them on the straight and narrow, and it just becomes a revolving door,” he said.
“When that happens, of course that’s frustrating for officers.
“So the more successful prisons and probation can be in terms of getting people onto a law-abiding life from the path they’re on, the better.
“But that is a real challenge. I mean, we’re talking just after Sir Brian Leveson put his report out about the close-to-broken criminal justice system.
“And it’s absolutely vital that those repairs and reforms that he’s talking about happen really quickly, because the system is now so stressed.”
Giving an example, the police commissioner went on: “We’ve got Snaresbrook [Crown Court] in London – it’s now got more than 100 cases listed for 2029.”
Sir Mark asked Trevor Phillips to imagine he had been the victim of a crime, saying: “We’ve caught the person, we’ve charged him, ‘great news, Mr Phillips, we’ve got him charged, they’re going to court’.
“And then a few weeks later, I see the trial’s listed for 2029. That doesn’t feel great, does it?”
Asked about the fact that suspects could still be on the streets for years before going to trial, Sir Mark conceded it’s “pretty awful”.
He added: “If it’s someone on bail, who might have stolen your phone or whatever, and they’re going in for a criminal court trial, that could be four years away. And that’s pretty unacceptable, isn’t it?”
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She pinned the primary blame for the Met’s culture on its past leadership and found stop and search and the use of force against black people was excessive.
At the time, Sir Mark, who had been commissioner for six months when the report was published, said he would not use the labels of institutionally racist, institutionally misogynistic and institutionally homophobic, which Baroness Casey insisted the Met deserved.
However, London Mayor Sadiq Khan, who helped hire Sir Mark – and could fire him – made it clear the commissioner agreed with Baroness Casey’s verdict.
A few months after the report, Sir Mark launched a two-year £366m plan to overhaul the Met, including increased emphasis on neighbourhood policing to rebuild public trust and plans to recruit 500 more community support officers and an extra 565 people to work with teams investigating domestic violence, sexual offences and child sexual abuse and exploitation.