Giant Ice Age Landforms Found Beneath North Sea Reveal Ancient Glaciers
Recent findings have intensified debates surrounding the universe’s expansion, suggesting discrepancies in its speed may challenge long-standing cosmological models. Observations from advanced instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope indicate variations in the rate of expansion across different regions, leaving scientists searching for explanations. Researchers have now strengthened the evidence for this inconsistency, hinting at potential gaps in the understanding of physics and cosmology that have guided theories for decades.
Study Reveals Contradictory Measurements
According to findings published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, data collected from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has provided new insights into the Hubble constant, the measure of the universe’s expansion rate. Using the Coma galaxy cluster, located roughly 320 million light-years from Earth, the study determined an expansion rate of 76.5 kilometers per second per megaparsec (km/s/Mpc). This conflicts with earlier measurements based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which suggested a lower value of 67 km/s/Mpc.
Clashing Methods Deepen the Puzzle
The discrepancy arises from two primary methods of calculating the Hubble constant. Early-universe data derived from the CMB aligns with predictions from the standard cosmological model. In contrast, readings from Cepheid variable stars and Type Ia supernovae — utilised to measure distances in later cosmic stages — consistently yield higher expansion rates. Efforts by teams such as DESI aim to refine these measurements further but continue to amplify the tension.
Experts Call for New Theories
As reported by Live Science, Professor Dan Scolnic of Duke University, the study’s lead author, remarked that the results challenge fundamental assumptions about the universe’s structure. He said that this is not just a matter of resolving a difference; it suggests that our cosmological models might need reevaluation.
As studies progress, scientists remain focused on identifying errors or gaps in existing methods, while others explore entirely new frameworks for understanding the universe’s evolution.
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A rare and exceptionally well-preserved Corinthian helmet, believed to have been used by Greek hoplite warriors, is set to go under the hammer later this month in London. Crafted from bronze and dating back to between 500 and 450 B.C., the helmet showcases the artistry of ancient Greek warfare. Such helmets, designed to cover most of the face while leaving gaps for the eyes and mouth, were widely recognised for their association with the Greek infantry style of combat.
Historical Context and Craftsmanship
According to Apollo Art Auctions, the helmet represents a significant piece of Greek military history, offering insights into the craftsmanship of the era. Ivan Bonchev, the director of the auction house, stated in an email to Live Science that the artefact “possibly links to a Spartan warrior” and provides a rare glimpse into the artistry of ancient Greek armour. The auction house has confirmed that the item is neither stolen nor missing, as verified by the Art Loss Register.
Significance of Corinthian Helmets
Corinthian helmets, named after the city-state of Corinth, were not exclusive to the region. In Arms and Armor of the Greeks by Anthony Snodgrass, it was noted that these helmets were adopted by various city-states, including Sparta and Athens. The helmets were typically decorated with geometric designs or crests made from horse hair. Greek art frequently depicted warriors wearing these helmets tilted back on their heads during moments of rest, a style famously associated with the goddess Athena.
Auction Details
The helmet, expected to fetch between $72,000 and $108,000, highlights the enduring legacy of Greek warfare. Its lack of ear holes suggests it belonged to an early design, prioritising the protection of hoplite warriors during phalanx formations. With its detailed eyeholes and nose guard, the artefact remains an enduring symbol of ancient military ingenuity
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