Auschwitz survivors have told Sky News of their pessimism that lessons have not been learnt from history, ahead of the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp.
“I hope I’m wrong,” says survivor Ivor Perl. “But there’s […] a saying that if one doesn’t learn from history, you’re cursed to live through it again.”
Ivor is nearly 93 years old and it took half a century for him to feel able to talk publicly about his time at the Nazi concentration camp.
“When I was younger I thought to myself, ‘I arrived in this world in a terrible time, 1932, at least when I leave it the world will be in a better place’,” he says. “But I’m doubting it very, very much.
“It’s not my job to cure the problem – my job is to tell you what the problem can be.
“I haven’t got any sign to see that the world has learnt [any lessons from] the Second World War.”
More than a million people, mostly Jewish, were murdered at Auschwitz – just one of the numerous death camps the Nazis built across mainland Europe. On Monday, world leaders will gather at Auschwitz-Birkenau to mark 80 years since its liberation.
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Image: People lined up on the railway station after arriving at Auschwitz in the early days of the war. Pic: AP
Ivor was deported to Auschwitz from Hungary at the age of 12. He pretended to the Nazi guards that he was older and found himself sent to do slave labour. His lie almost certainly saved him from the gas chambers.
Out of his parents and their nine children, only Ivor and his brother Alec survived.
“You know why I’m alive today? Because I spoke Yiddish,” Ivor says. “Yiddish is very akin to German.”
Image: Ivor (left) and his brother Alec were the only two people from their family of 11 to survive
When the cattle trucks arrived at Auschwitz, one of the first things Ivor saw was “people working in striped uniforms”.
He explains: “They were Polish Jews and they kept saying [in Yiddish] ‘eat all the food, don’t save any food’ and ‘if they are asked, children must say they are 16 years old at least’.
“We started marching and I went over to my mother’s side. And she said, ‘no darling, go back to your brother, don’t come to me’. I said: ‘Please mum, let me stay’.
“An officer with white gloves, who later said he was Dr Mengele, pointed people, right or left. The ones on the left, for death.”
Dr Mengele asked Ivor how old he was. “I said, ’16’. I can see his face even to this day.
“He said: ‘Okay, go to the right’. If I told him I was 12 years old, I wouldn’t be alive today.”
Image: Ivor Perl shortly after the liberation
‘How could I tell my children what happened?’
Sky News is meeting with Ivor at the Holocaust Survivors’ Centre in north London, run by the health and social care organisation Jewish Care. He’s joined by another Auschwitz survivor, Susan Pollack.
Susan’s recollections of the camp have not faded over the years. “The memory of Auschwitz and the train to Auschwitz will never lose itself in my mind,” she says. When Susan arrived at the camp, her head was shaved and her clothes were changed.
Image: Susan Pollack and her husband, a fellow survivor, chose not to tell their children what happened
Susan, now 94, lives in London and spent years giving her testimony in schools.
After the war, she moved to Sweden and then Canada, where she met her husband Abraham, also a survivor. They had three children.
She says her husband was reluctant to discuss what they saw during the Holocaust. “He didn’t want to talk about it, he said we have to start a new life – we had the children, we didn’t want to poison [their lives].”
Sometimes, her children would ask why they didn’t have a wider family, including grandparents. “I couldn’t tell them that they were gassed, as they were,” she says. “I said they died natural deaths.
“They would ask us why they didn’t have uncles or aunts, [and] ‘why don’t we have a normal life?’
A retired Church of England vicar who was part of an extreme body modification ring run by man who called himself the Eunuch Maker has been jailed for three years.
Warning: The following article contains graphic details of extreme physical mutilation
Reverend Geoffrey Baulcomb, 79, pleaded guilty to causing grievous bodily harm with intent after a nine-second video of him using nail scissors to perform a procedure on a man’s penis in January 2020 was found on his mobile phone.
He also admitted seven other charges, including possessing extreme pornography and making and distributing images of children on or before 14 December 2022.
Prosecutors said some of the material included moving images which had been on the eunuch maker website, run by 47-year-old Norwegian national Marius Gustavson.
Image: Marius Gustavson
Gustavson was jailed for life with a minimum term of 22 years last year after a court heard he made almost £300,000 through his website, where thousands of users paid to watch procedures, including castrations.
Baulcomb was said to have been an “acquaintance” of Gustavson, and the pair exchanged more than 10,000 messages with each other over a four-year period.
He was formerly a vicar at St Mary the Virgin Church in Eastbourne but retired from full-time ministry in the Church of England in 2003.
The diocese of Chichester said he applied for “permission to officiate”, which allows clergy to officiate at church services in retirement, when he moved to Sussex the following year.
But Baulcomb was banned for life from exercising his Holy Orders following a tribunal last year, which heard he was issued with a caution after police found crystal meth and ketamine at his home in December 2022.
He had claimed experimenting with drugs or allowing his home in Eastbourne to be used for drug taking would “better enable him to relate and minister to people with difficulties as part of his pastoral care”.
The diocese said the Bishop of Chichester immediately removed his permission to officiate after being contacted by police, and bail conditions prevented him from attending church or entering Church of England premises.
‘Nullos’ subculture
The Old Bailey heard last year that extreme body modification is linked to a subculture where men become “nullos”, short for genital nullification, by having their penis and testicles removed.
Gustavson and nine other men have previously admitted their involvement in the eunuch maker ring, which one victim said had a “cult-like” atmosphere.
The life-changing surgeries, described as “little short of human butchery” by the sentencing judge, were carried out by people with no medical qualifications, who he had recruited.
Prosecutors said there was “clear evidence of cannibalism” as Gustavson – who had his own penis and nipple removed and leg frozen so it needed to be amputated – cooked testicles to eat in a salad.
Gustavson, who was said to have been involved in almost 30 procedures, pleaded guilty to charges including conspiracy to commit grievous bodily harm between 2016 and 2022.
This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.
After a summer dominated by criticism over the small boats crisis and asylum hotels, Labour says it’s planning to overhaul the “broken” asylum system.
As MPs return to Westminster today, Home Secretary Yvette Cooper will speak about the government’s success in tackling people smugglers and plans for border security reform.
Image: August saw the lowest number of Channel crossings since 2019 – but the last year has the most on record. Pic: Reuters
Labour hopes that the raft of changes being proposed will contribute to ending the use of asylum hotels, an issue which has led to widespread protests over the summer.
Ms Cooper will set out planned changes to the refugee family reunion process to give “greater fairness and balance”, and speak to the government’s promise to “smash the gangs” behind English Channel crossings.
National Crime Agency (NCA) figures show record levels of disruption of immigration crime networks in 2024/25. Officials believe this contributed to the lowest number of boats crossing the Channel in August since 2019.
But, despite the 3,567 arrivals in August being the lowest since 2021, when looking across the whole of 2025, the figure of 29,003 is the highest on record for this point in a year.
Labour says actions to strengthen border security, increase returns and overhaul the asylum system, will result in “putting much stronger foundations in place so we can fix the chaos we inherited and end costly asylum hotels”.
In a message to Reform UK, which has promised mass deportations, and the Tories, who want to revive the Rwanda scheme, Ms Cooper will say: “These are complex challenges, and they require sustainable and workable solutions, not fantasy promises which can’t be delivered.”
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5:53
The town at boiling point over migration
While the home secretary will look back at the UK’s “proud record of giving sanctuary to those fleeing persecution”, she will argue the system “needs to be properly controlled and managed, so the rules are respected and enforced, and so governments, not criminal gangs, decide who comes to the UK”.
She will also give further details around measures announced over the summer, including the UK’s landmark returns deal with France, and update MPs on reforms to the asylum appeals process.
Shadow home secretary Chris Philp dismissed Ms Cooper’s intervention as a “desperate distraction tactic”, reiterating record levels of illegal Channel crossings, the rise in the use of asylum hotels and the highest number of asylum claims in history in Labour’s first year.
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Richard Tice reveals how navy would deal with small boats
Sir Keir Starmer too, says he intends to “deliver change,” using a column in Monday’s Mirror to criticise the Tories and Reform UK for whipping up migrant hatred.
And the prime minister isn’t the only one to hit out at Reform UK’s flagship immigration plan, with the Archbishop of York accusing it of being an “isolationist, short-term kneejerk” approach, with no “long-term solutions”.
Meanwhile, the Court of Appeal will hand down its full written judgment in the Bell Hotel case today, which saw Epping Forest District Council fail in an attempt to stop asylum seekers from being put up there.
Protests continued in Epping on Sunday night, with police arresting three people.
An anti-asylum demonstration also took place in Canary Wharf on Sunday, which saw a police officer punched in the face and in a separate incident, a child potentially affected by synthetic pepper spray.
A murder investigation has been launched after a man was fatally stabbed in Luton, Bedfordshire, on Sunday.
Police said officers were called to Humberstone Road just after 6pm after reports of an altercation involving two men and a woman.
A man in his 20s was taken to hospital with serious injuries but was pronounced dead shortly after.
Police are appealing for any further information, including doorbell, CCTV, or dashcam footage from the area around the time of the incident.
Superintendent Rachael Glendenning, from Bedfordshire Police, said: “This is an isolated incident, and we would ask the public not to speculate at this time.”
She said officers will be at the scene for a significant period while the investigation continues.