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Amazon’s computing unit AWS is in talks with Italy to invest billions of euros in the expansion of its data center business in the country as part of the tech giant’s effort to boost its cloud offer in Europe, four people familiar with the matter said.

Cesc Maymo | Getty Images News | Getty Images

LONDON — Britain’s antitrust watchdog on Tuesday raised concerns over competition in the multi-billion-pound cloud computing market and singled out Microsoft and Amazon as the dominant players.

An independent Competition and Markets Authority inquiry group provisionally recommended that the regulator considers investigating Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft’s Azure cloud unit under the new Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers (DMCC) Act.

In a statement, the CMA said it estimates the cloud services market was worth £9 billion ($11.18 billion) in 2023 — a figure growing over 30% year-on-year. The CMA noted that, currently, businesses face a limited choice of providers when it comes to cloud services.

The regulator called AWS and Microsoft “the two large providers of cloud services, each with a share of up to 40% of UK customer spend on cloud services.”

Notably, it added Google was the third-biggest provider “with a much smaller share.”

‘Not warranted’

The provisional findings recommended that the CMA should consider a probe into AWS and Microsoft’s cloud unit to determine whether they should be designated as having “strategic market status” (SMS).

This would subject them to new restrictions that the regulator can impose under the DMCC to prevent anti-competitive behavior.

Rima Alaily, corporate vice president and deputy general counsel of competition law group at Microsoft, said over email that the CMA inquiry group’s draft report “should be focused on paving the way for the UK’s AI-powered future, not fixating on legacy products launched in the last century.”

“The cloud computing market has never been so dynamic and competitive, attracting billions in investments, new entrants, and rapid innovation. What could be better for UK businesses and government?” Alaily added.

An AWS spokesperson said the CMA’s recommended intervention “is not warranted,” adding that “the evidence demonstrates the IT services industry is highly competitive.”

“Cloud computing has lowered costs for UK businesses with on-demand services and pay-as-you-go pricing, expanded product choice, and increased competition and innovation,” the AWS spokesperson added.

The Amazon division urged the CMA to “carefully consider how regulatory intervention in other areas will stifle innovation and ultimately harm customers in the UK.”

Alex Haffner, a competition partner at Fladgate, said the CMA inquiry group’s provisional decision to probe whether AWS and Microsoft have strategic market status under the DMCC could result in a prolonged review.

He nevertheless added that, “assuming such SMS is found, the CMA will argue it will have more arsenal at its disposal to use in order to keep the parties in check and in keeping with the way it is looking to deal with Big Tech more generally.”

Last week, the CMA opened an SMS probe into Google and Apple examining their huge mobile empires — from app stores to operating systems.

Cloud market in focus

Previously, the CMA said it was concerned by several elements of the cloud market that could pose competition issues, from so-called “egress” fees on transfers of data from one cloud to another to software licensing fees.

Cloud infrastructure services is a market dominated by U.S. technology giants Amazon and Microsoft. Amazon is the largest player, offering cloud services via its Amazon Web Services (AWS) arm. Microsoft is the second-largest, selling cloud products under its Microsoft Azure unit.

A key issue in focus for the CMA is licensing practices deployed by Microsoft in its cloud business.

Smaller vendors in the industry have alleged that Microsoft charges customers more to run its Windows Server software on competing cloud services than Mirosoft’s own Azure offering. This, they argue, creates a “lock-in” effect whereby it becomes difficult for firms to leave Azure for other cloud services.

The CMA’s independent inquiry said in its preliminary decision out Tuesday that it concluded the price that Microsoft charges rivals for certain software products including Windows Server “can be higher than the retail price it charges its own customers.”

“We have provisionally found that Microsoft has the ability and incentive to partially foreclose AWS and Google using the relevant Microsoft software products and that its conduct is harming competition in cloud services,” the inquiry group noted.

Microsoft has previously responded to concerns over its cloud licensing practices stifling competition by striking an agreement with several EU cloud providers last year to avoid a potential probe into alleged unfair activity.

The lawsuit alleges customers using Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform or Alibaba Cloud — all key competitors to Microsoft’s Azure cloud — are forced to pay more to license the tech giant’s cloud-based Windows Server software on rivals’ infrastructure.

Microsoft offers a cheaper price to firms running Windows Server on Azure than on direct competitors like AWS, Google’s cloud or Alibaba Cloud. The lawsuit argues firms running the widely-used server software are essentially being overcharged to use alternative cloud computing solutions.

It adds Microsoft leverages its dominant market position in cloud-based server operating systems by extracting higher prices and inducing customers into moving to Azure. Claimant Maria Luisa Stasi, a competition lawyer, is seeking more than £1 billion in compensation for firms affected.

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Mark Zuckerberg starts Meta earnings call by praising Trump administration

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Mark Zuckerberg starts Meta earnings call by praising Trump administration

(L-R) Priscilla Chan, CEO of Meta and Facebook Mark Zuckerberg, and Lauren Sanchez attend the inauguration ceremony before Donald Trump is sworn in as the 47th US President in the US Capitol Rotunda in Washington, DC, on January 20, 2025. 

Saul Loeb | Afp | Getty Images

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg praised the Trump administration for backing Silicon Valley on a call with investors, adding that 2025 will be big for “redefining” the company’s relationships with governments.

“We now have a U.S. administration that is proud of our leading companies, prioritizes American technology winning and that will defend our values and interests abroad,” Zuckerberg said Wednesday. “I am optimistic about the progress and innovation that this can unlock, so this is going to be a big year.”

Meta on Wednesday also agreed to pay $25 million to settle a lawsuit with President Donald Trump, according to NBC News. Trump sued Meta after the company suspended his Facebook and Instagram accounts following the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

Zuckerberg and Meta have made several public efforts to smooth over relations with President Donald Trump since his victory in November. The company donated $1 million to Trump’s inaugural fund late last year, weeks after Zuckerberg dined with him privately at his Mar-a-Lago resort.

Earlier this month, Zuckerberg announced that Meta would eliminate third-party fact-checking to “restore free expression” to the company’s platforms. He said the fact-checkers had been “too politically biased” and “destroyed more trust than they’ve created, especially in the U.S.”

The move was widely recognized as a nod to Trump, as he and other Republicans have long claimed that Meta’s platforms like Facebook and Instagram censor conservative views. Zuckerberg and Trump have had an especially rocky relationship in the past, as Trump has previously threatened the tech executive with life in prison.

The company also elevated Joel Kaplan, former White House deputy chief of staff under President George W. Bush with longstanding ties to the Republican Party, to its chief policy role earlier this month.

Zuckerberg’s public concessions appear to be earning him some good will, as he attended Trump’s inauguration alongside other tech moguls like Tesla CEO Elon Musk, Google CEO Sundar Pichai and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos this month.

Shares of Meta were up slightly in extended trading Wednesday after the company reported fourth-quarter earnings that beat Wall Street’s expectations on top and bottom lines.

–CNBC’s Jonathan Vanian contributed to this report

WATCH: Meta beats on top and bottom lines, stock slips on Q1 revenue guidance

Meta beats on top and bottom lines, stock slips on Q1 revenue guidance

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Meta’s Reality Labs posts $5 billion loss in fourth quarter

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Meta’s Reality Labs posts  billion loss in fourth quarter

Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta Platforms, demonstrates the Meta Quest Pro during the virtual Meta Connect event in New York on Oct. 11, 2022.

Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Meta continues to lose billions of dollars developing the virtual reality and augmented reality technologies needed to underpin the nascent metaverse.

The social media giant reported fourth-quarter earnings Wednesday and said its Reality Labs unit recorded an operating loss of $4.97 billion while generating $1.1 billion in sales. Analysts were projecting that unit to log a fourth-quarter operating loss of $5.4 billion on $1.1 billion in sales.

Reality Labs is Meta’s unit that makes the Quest family of virtual-reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta Smart Glasses.

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg kick-started his company’s VR endeavors in 2014 when it acquired the startup Oculus for $2 billion. Since then, Zuckerberg has characterized VR and AR as central to his plans to develop the futuristic digital world known as the metaverse, which he has said represent the next major computing platform.

Wall Street has questioned Zuckerberg’s metaverse investment. Reality Labs has tallied an operating loss of more than $60 billion since 2020, as of Meta’s fourth-quarter earnings report.

Meta last week said it would invest between $60 billion and $65 billion in 2025 capital expenditures to expand its computing infrastructure related to artificial intelligence. Zuckerberg has previously said AI is core to the company’s metaverse efforts, including its Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses. Meta develops that device with France-based EssilorLuxottica.

The social media company last year also unveiled its Orion prototype AR headset that is capable of overlaying digital objects on top of a person’s real field of view.

Meta released its latest VR headset, the $299 Quest 3S, during its September Connect event and pitched the device as a way for people to watch movies, play games and workout in VR.

Other tech companies are also investing in VR and AR.

Apple’s Vision Pro headset went on sale in the U.S. in February 2024 with a starting price of $3,499, and in December, Google and Samsung said they were working on a VR and AR device dubbed Project Moohan that will be available to buy in 2025 for an undisclosed price.

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IBM shares rise 9% on earnings beat

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IBM shares rise 9% on earnings beat

Chairman, President and CEO of IBM Arvind Krishna attends the 55th annual World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, on Jan. 22, 2025.

Yves Herman | Reuters

IBM reported fourth-quarter earnings on Wednesday that topped Wall Street expectations for earnings and revenue.

The shares rose as much as 10% in extended trading before giving up gains and settling at 9%.

Here is how the company did versus LSEG consensus expectations:

  • Earnings per share: $3.92 adjusted vs. $3.75 expected
  • Revenue: $17.55 billion vs. $17.54 billion expected

IBM reported $2.92 billion in net income, or $3.09 per diluted share, versus $3.29 billion, or $3.55 per share, in the year-ago period.

IBM said it expected full-year growth, adjusted for currency, of about 5%, and $13.5 billion in free cash flow in 2025.

IBM’s overall revenue rose 1% during the quarter. For the entire year, IBM’s revenue rose 1% to $62.8 billion, with software growing 8% while infrastructure revenue declined 4%.

IBM said its software segment grew 10% year over year to $7.9 billion, partially due to demand for artificial intelligence technology and strong performance from its Red Hat Linux operating system.

Revenue in IBM’s consulting division dropped 2% to $5.2 billion in the quarter.

In a statement, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna said the company has recorded $5 billion in bookings for its generative AI business, which includes sales and future sales in the company’s software and consulting division.

“We closed the year with double-digit revenue growth in Software for the quarter, led by further acceleration in Red Hat,” Krishna said in a statement. “Clients globally continue to turn to IBM to transform with AI.”

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