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As thousands of homes started to burn across Los Angeles on Jan. 7, fire hydrants stopped working. The rapid spread of flames in winds up to 100 miles per hour was happening too quickly for water pumps to keep up. It shocked the system and those fleeing the flames.

“This area is known for having fire issues, so you would think that they would be prepared for this,” said Joan Zoloth, 70, who said she first moved to the area when she was 6 years old.

Zoloth’s childhood home burned down in the Palisades Fire. Her own home around the corner and her son’s home nearby were also lost. 

“My mother was a teacher,” Zoloth said. “What people don’t realize is how much Malibu is filled with those types of people — not just movie stars.”

The remains of Joan Zoloth’s childhood home in Malibu, California, shown on Jan. 21, 2025, after it burned down in the Palisades Fire.

Andrew Evers

CNBC went to the wreckage of the Palisades Fire to ask officials what happened to the water system in LA, and what other cities can do to be better prepared. As many as 1 in 6 Americans now live in areas with significant wildfire risk. 

“A firefight at this size, such an urban conflagration, any system is going to have its challenges in maintaining water pressure,” said State Fire Marshall Daniel Berlant, of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.

Water pressure was the primary problem, rather than a lack of supply, fire officials and water experts told CNBC. 

Much of the water in the Palisades is provided by three 1 million gallon tanks that sit up in the hills, using gravity to maintain water pressure in the hydrants and homes they supply below.

Pumps forcibly move water from main lines and surrounding reservoirs to those tanks. The tanks were full when the fires started, but the pumps couldn’t replenish water in the tanks as quickly as firefighters were using it below. As the tanks depleted, so did the water pressure, until some 20% of hydrants ran dry.

“The hydrants would have run dry anywhere in the world with a fire event like this in the topography where this occurred,” said Greg Pierce, director of the UCLA Human Right to Water Lab.

Joan Zoloth lost three family homes in Malibu during the Palisades fire. She’s shown here at a family friend’s house where she’s staying in Venice, California, on January 21, 2025.

Andrew Evers

The closure of a 117 million gallon reservoir nearby complicated matters. Earlier this month, California Gov. Gavin Newsom and LA city council members called for investigations into why the Santa Ynez Reservoir hadn’t yet reopened after being drained almost a year ago to repair a tear in its cover.

“That would have made a difference,” Pierce said. “But even, by all accounts, if that reservoir was full, it wouldn’t have stopped the fire.”

Typically, fires are also fought by aircraft dropping water and fire retardant from above, but high winds kept them grounded for several hours on the first night of the fire.

Firefighters adapted with three tactics. They shuttled water through multiple engines connected to functional hydrants, drove it to locations in large water tenders, and pumped water directly from backyard swimming pools.

The LA Department of Water and Power said it quadrupled the water flow to the area and summoned 15 water tankers to directly refill fire trucks. It wasn’t enough.

The blame game

As immediate danger calmed, misinformation ran wild. The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, reactivated its rumor response site, and the LA Fire Department directly responded to inaccurate social media posts.

President Donald Trump, for instance, claimed that water ran out in LA because of policies meant to protect a small endangered fish called the Delta smelt.

“It’s just simply false. It’s nonsense,” said Peter Gleick, co-founder of the Pacific Institute, a global water think tank. Gleick has been researching water issues for four decades.

On his first day back in office, Trump signed an executive order titled “Putting People Over Fish: Stopping Radical Environmentalism to Provide Water to Southern California.” After visiting with Newsom in LA, Trump signed another executive order directing federal officials to find ways to override “disastrous” California water policies. 

“There’s lots of conversations about California water policy and how we allocate water to protect fish or ecosystems versus deliver water to different kinds of users, but that had no role whatsoever to play in water availability for firefighting,” Gleick said.

Southern California reservoirs are at above-average levels for this time of year because of two plentiful rainy seasons, he added.

“Misinformation about how if we just had more water from Northern California in Southern California, that would have made the difference, that’s not true,” UCLA’s Pierce said. “Even if you have water stored fairly close by in the region, you can’t just move it quickly up to an area like the Palisades.”

That’s why billionaires Lynda and Stewart Resnick are also not to blame for the Palisades Fire, the water experts who spoke with CNBC said. 

The Resnicks own the Wonderful Company, which includes brands such as Pom and Fiji Water, and have sprawling farmlands in the San Joaquin Valley that grow pistachios, oranges and pomegranates. They’ve been the subject of attacks on social media, some of which are antisemitic, that blame them for the water pressure problems in LA because of their investment in a public-private water bank that’s 100 miles north of LA and that has no ability to impact water pressure in the Palisades.

“There’s absolutely no connection between the two. This is a localized problem,” said Felicia Marcus, former chair of the California State Water Resources Control Board.

The fires also resurfaced criticism around state and local water decisions, from taking down dams to not building enough reservoirs.

The real culprit is extremely dry conditions, experts told CNBC. Before the fires, LA saw close to zero rain since May, and 2024 was the hottest year on record for the planet, Gleick said.

“Higher temperatures means more demand for water by soils and vegetation and people and agriculture,” he said. “Climate change is in many ways a water problem. It’s being manifested by drought and floods and wildfires.”

More resilient water systems

This is not the first time hydrants ran dry in a major firefight. They’re designed to handle one or two structure fires, not hundreds burning at the same time.

Similar water pressure problems plagued the 1991 Oakland Hills Fire, which destroyed more than 3,000 homes, and two Ventura County fires that each burned more than 1,000 homes in 2017 and 2018

The problem extends beyond California. Texas saw the largest fire in its history last February. As population booms, more people are moving to areas at high risk of fires between dense developments and wildland. 

California is home to the top six cities at highest wildfire risk in the U.S., but Texas, Colorado and Oregon also have cities in the top 15.

A firefighting helicopter draws water from the first-ever installed Heli-Hydrant to quickly stop the Blue Ridge Fire in Yorba Linda, California, on October 28, 2020.

Yorba Linda Water District

There are three key components to making water systems more resilient, Pierce said: increasing water supply, improving local infrastructure, and bolstering power.

After a 2008 fire that destroyed 280 homes, Yorba Linda Water District in California addressed all three. It added backup generators at water pump stations that had failed during the fire, added a long-planned underground reservoir, and installed a first-of-its-kind water tank called a Heli-Hydrant.

That $70,000 tank can automatically refill itself and is reserved for helicopters to dip from, reducing the length of flight times between water pickups and drops. It was used to quickly stop the Blue Ridge Fire in 2020.

“Cal Fire was able to jump on it and use our Heli-Hydrant, trigger it and keep the fire to five acres,” said John DeCriscio, who was operations manager at the Yorba Linda Water District at the time. “That was a huge success.”

San Francisco implemented a comprehensive solution after the city was almost completely destroyed in the 1906 earthquake and resulting fire, which also caused most hydrants to run dry. 

In 1913, the city developed a unique fire-suppression water system separate from the rest of the city’s water. Seawater enters the system from 52 suction connections along the waterfront, and it’s pumped in from fireboats and two high-pressure pumping stations. There are more than 200 underground cisterns to store backup water. A high-elevation reservoir and two large-capacity tanks use gravity, not pumps, to feed special high-pressure emergency hydrants that can be seen around the city with black, red and blue tops.

There are other solutions that cities can implement.

A company called Rain is working on autonomous, unmanned aircraft for dropping water on fires. In Japan, an autonomous system of water cannons protects a cultural heritage site with 200-year-old thatched roof houses.

Cost is the main reason these solutions haven’t been implemented widely. 

“There’s always this delicate balance of being afraid to go to your customers and raise their rates, but if you don’t raise their rates, you can’t do these extra things,” said Marcus, the former state water board chair. “It’s the kind of thing that keeps you up at night when you manage one of these agencies.”

How firefighting planes and helicopters are battling the LA Fires

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Baidu plans to expand its robotaxis to Europe with Lyft deal

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Baidu plans to expand its robotaxis to Europe with Lyft deal

Cheng Xin | Getty Images

Baidu will bring its driverless taxis to Europe next year via a partnership with U.S. ridehailing firm Lyft, as the Chinese tech giant looks to expand its autonomous vehicles globally.

The robotaxis will initially be deployed in the U.K. and Germany from 2026 with the aim to have “thousands” of vehicles across Europe in the “following years,” the two companies said.

Lyft has had very little presence in Europe until last week when it closed the acquisition of Germany-based ride hailing company FreeNow, which is available in over 150 cities across nine countries, including Ireland, the U.K., Germany and France.

Deployment of the autonomous cars is “pending regulatory approval,” Lyft and Baidu said in a Monday statement. It’s unclear if Lyft will offer Baidu’s robotaxis via the FreeNow app or another product.

The partnership marks a continued push from Baidu to expand its robotaxis to international markets.

Last month, Baidu partnered with Uber to deploy its autonomous cars on the ride-hailing giant’s platform outside the U.S. and mainland China, with a focus on the Middle East and Asia, which will launch later this year. The partnership also covers Europe, though a launch date for the region has not yet been disclosed.

In China, Baidu has been operating its own robotaxi service since 2021 in major cities like Beijing, allowing users to hail an Apollo Go car through the app. Meanwhile, for Lyft, the deal could boost the firm’s presence in the region as it looks to take on rivals like Uber and Bolt.

Autonomous vehicles have become a big focus for ride-hailing companies which have looked to partner with companies that are developing the technology for driverless cars.

In the U.K., a market that Lyft is targeting, Uber this year partnered with self-driving car technology firm Wayve to launch trials of fully autonomous rides starting in spring 2026.

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Tesla awards Musk $29 billion in shares with prior pay package in limbo

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Tesla awards Musk  billion in shares with prior pay package in limbo

Tesla approves 96 million-share award to CEO Elon Musk

Tesla CEO Elon Musk was awarded an interim pay package of 96 million shares of the company over the weekend. The shares would be worth about $29 billion.

Tesla stock climbed about 2% Monday.

The company said in a filing Sunday that the pay package would vest in two years as long as Musk continued as CEO or in another key executive position.

The new award would be forfeited if the legal battle over his 2018 compensation ends with Musk being able to exercise the larger pay package, which was valued at $56 billion.

In January, Chancellor Kathaleen McCormick upheld a prior ruling in the case, Tornetta v. Musk, that the compensation plan was improperly granted. Tesla shareholders approved the pay package in June 2024.

The case is now before the Delaware Supreme Court.

Musk’s 2018 pay package included a set of performance targets for the company, which were all achieved.

The judge called it “the largest potential compensation opportunity ever observed in public markets” in her January decision and said it was 33 times higher than the nearest comparison, which was Musk’s prior compensation package.

Elon Musk: We'll have hundreds of thousands of full self-driving Teslas by the end of next year

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Legal AI startup Harvey hits $100 million in annual recurring revenue

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Legal AI startup Harvey hits 0 million in annual recurring revenue

Harvey co-founders Winston Weinberg and Gabe Pereyra

Courtesy of Harvey

Artificial intelligence startup Harvey on Monday announced it has reached $100 million in annual recurring revenue, or ARR, just three years after its launch. 

Harvey runs an AI-powered legal platform for lawyers at law firms and large corporations. Its technology can help with legal research, drafting and diligence projects, and the company is also building industry-specific use cases. 

Winston Weinberg, co-founder and CEO of Harvey, said the startup’s ARR milestone has largely been driven by usage. Harvey has surpassed 500 customers, including CNBC’s parent company, Comcast, and its weekly average users have quadrupled over the past year, the startup said. 

“Most of our accounts grow pretty massively,” Weinberg told CNBC. “You’ll sell to a Comcast or to a law firm, and they’ll buy a couple hundred seats, and then they expand that usage pretty quickly.” 

Weinberg is a former lawyer, and he co-founded Harvey with his friend and roommate Gabe Pereyra, a former research scientist at Google DeepMind and Meta. The pair launched the company in 2022 after experimenting with OpenAI’s large language model GPT-3, which came out before its viral AI chatbot, ChatGPT. 

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The company’s name, Harvey, is partially inspired by one of the main characters in “Suits,” a legal drama TV series, Weinberg said.

Harvey has raised more than $800 million from investors, according to PitchBook, including Kleiner Perkins, Sequoia Capital and the OpenAI Startup Fund. The company also earned a spot on the 2025 CNBC Disruptor 50 list. 

“With gen AI, and how fast everything’s moving, you just have to learn how to scale really, really fast,” Weinberg said. “I’d say, like every six months I go through a new scaling experience.”

In the months ahead, Weinberg said Harvey is focused on its global expansion and continuing to build out its team. The startup recently hired Siva Gurumurthy, the former director of engineering at Twitter, as its chief technology officer, and John Haddock, who spent a decade at Stripe, as its chief business officer. 

Weinberg said he has learned to appreciate the value of a strong team, especially during periods of rapid growth. 

“We’re starting to get to the point where we have really good leadership in place,” Weinberg said. “That just changes your ability to scale to such a massive degree.”

Disclosure: Comcast is the parent company of NBCUniversal, which owns CNBC.

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