New insights into the “dark universe,” which includes both dark matter and dark energy, have emerged from a new method of studying 3D maps of galaxies. Scientists have used sophisticated computer algorithms to analyse the relative positions of galaxies in a 3D framework, unveiling previously hidden information that could challenge or support the standard model of cosmology. This method, unlike older techniques, preserves the three-dimensional integrity of the data, offering a deeper understanding of the universe’s structure.

New Approach to Galactic Mapping

According to the study led by astronomer Minh Nguyen of the University of Tokyo, the latest approach utilises advanced field-level inference (FLI) techniques combined with algorithms to model galaxy growth and dark matter halos. This technique builds upon the traditional method of galaxy surveys, which in the past relied on two-dimensional measurements. By adding a third dimension through redshift data, scientists have been able to map galaxies more accurately and analyse their distribution in space.

In traditional methods, data is often compressed into “n-point correlation functions,” which, while efficient, have been shown to obscure key details. The FLI technique, which works directly with 3D data, allows for a more nuanced and detailed analysis of galaxy positioning. As Nguyen told space.com, this new method reveals hidden information about the distribution and behaviour of galaxies and their surrounding dark matter, shedding light on potential inconsistencies in current cosmological theories.

Unlocking Dark Matter Mysteries

The breakthrough could lead to new discoveries about the evolution of galaxies and their interactions with dark matter. Initial tests have shown a significant improvement in accuracy when compared to traditional methods, with researchers noting a three to five times greater level of detail. The next phase of testing will involve real data from upcoming space missions and observatories, including the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

This technique could ultimately provide insights into the nature of dark matter and its role in the universe’s formation, potentially unlocking answers to some of the most pressing questions in modern astrophysics.

A groundbreaking mission designed to enhance understanding of the universe’s origins and the potential for life within our galaxy is set to be discussed in an upcoming NASA briefing. The SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer) mission will be previewed during a news conference scheduled for 12 p.m. EST on Friday, January 31. The telescope, which is planned for launch no earlier than February 27, promises to offer critical insights into cosmic history and life-forming molecules.

Insights from the SPHEREx Mission

According to NASA’s SPHEREx mission details, the observatory will survey the entire sky using near-infrared light. Its goals include exploring how galaxies evolved, understanding the structure of the universe, and locating water and organic molecules in regions where stars and planets are formed. Over 450 million galaxies and 100 million stars in the Milky Way are expected to be studied, providing vital data for researchers.

The spacecraft, developed by BAE Systems, features three concentric cones to reduce heat and light, ensuring precise measurements. Contributions to the mission include a cryogenic test chamber supplied by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute.

Mission Experts to Lead Briefing

As reported, opening remarks will be delivered by Laurie Leshin, Director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), where the news conference will be hosted. The briefing will also include Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Acting Director of NASA’s Astrophysics Division, along with project managers James Fanson and Beth Fabinsky from NASA JPL. Principal Investigator Jamie Bock of Caltech and Cesar Marin, SPHEREx Integration Engineer, will also share their insights.

Launch and Collaboration Details

The observatory will launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, sharing its ride with NASA’s PUNCH mission. Data gathered will be made publicly available through Caltech’s IPAC, enabling further analysis by the scientific community. This mission, managed by NASA JPL for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate, aims to answer profound questions about the universe’s creation and the ingredients for life.