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A planet believed to be a Neptune-like world is suspected to be orbiting a hypervelocity star moving at a staggering 1.9 million kilometres per hour, making it the fastest known exoplanetary system ever observed. If confirmed, this would mark the first instance of a planet being found accompanying such a rapidly moving star. The discovery was made by a team of NASA researchers who analysed data that dates back to 2011. The existence of this system was identified through microlensing, a technique predicted by Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which allows the detection of distant cosmic bodies by observing how their gravity bends the light from background stars.

Discovery Through Microlensing

According to a study published in The Astronomical Journal, a signal indicating the presence of two objects was detected. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center researcher Sean Terry stated to Space.com that the system is thought to consist of a super-Neptune orbiting a low-mass star at a distance comparable to the space between Venus and Earth.

The gravitational lensing effect enabled scientists to determine the mass ratio between the two objects, though the exact measurements remain uncertain. David Bennett, a senior research scientist at the University of Maryland and NASA Goddard, explained to Space.com that calculating the mass ratio is straightforward, but pinpointing the exact masses is significantly more complex due to the system’s distance.

A Star and Its Planet or a Rogue Planet and a Moon?

Data from 2011 suggested that the larger object could either be a low-mass star or a rogue planet, with the smaller body potentially being either a Neptune-like exoplanet or a moon. To clarify this, researchers revisited observational records from the Keck Observatory in Hawaii and the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission.

The team concluded that if the primary object were a rogue planet, it would not be visible without gravitational lensing. If it were a star, its brightness would confirm its identity. The latter scenario was supported by follow-up observations, which identified a bright object approximately 24,000 light-years away near the densely populated central region of the Milky Way.

Potential Intergalactic Journey

The star’s movement over a decade was assessed, revealing its extreme velocity. If additional three-dimensional velocity components are factored in, the speed could exceed 1.3 million miles per hour (600 kilometres per second), surpassing the Milky Way‘s escape velocity. This would suggest that both the star and its exoplanet may eventually leave the galaxy.

University of Maryland researcher Aparna Bhattacharya mentioned to Space.com that further high-resolution observations are planned to determine whether the 2011 lensing event corresponds to this suspected hypervelocity system.

The upcoming launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in 2027 is expected to provide more insights into hypervelocity stars and their potential planetary companions, with mission lead Sean Terry highlighting its capacity for comprehensive surveys without the need for additional telescopes.

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Soviet Venus Lander Kosmos 482 Crashes to Earth After 53 Years in Orbit

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Soviet Venus Lander Kosmos 482 Crashes to Earth After 53 Years in Orbit

The failed Soviet Venus lander Kosmos 482 has finally met its end after a remarkable 53-year journey in Earth orbit. Launched in 1972 under USSR’s Venera programme, the probe re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on May 10 at 2:24 a.m. ET (0624 GMT), with Russia’s space agency Roscosmos confirming its descent over the Indian Ocean, west of Jakarta, Indonesia. Although the debris was thought to have safely splashed down, other international space tracking organisations had pinpointed possible reentry sites as far afield as South Asia and the eastern Pacific, making the final impact location at least somewhat even hours after the event.

Kosmos 482’s Fiery Fall Captured Before Impact, Sparking Concerns Over Space Junk Threat

As per reports by Roscosmos and astronomer Gianluca Masi of the Virtual Telescope Project, the spacecraft was captured in a striking image during one of its final orbits over Rome. In the picture, Kosmos 482 appears as a dashed trail — a result of the probe streaking across a composite of four images. Originally intended to land on Venus, the lander had failed to leave Earth’s orbit due to a launch malfunction, leading it into an elongated Earth-bound trajectory for over five decades. Its descent was guided slowly by atmospheric drag.

The 495-kilogram probe may have remained intact during reentry, as it was engineered to survive Venus’s dense atmosphere. Marco Langbroek, a Dutch satellite tracker, mentioned that if Kosmos 482 had impacted the surface as one piece, it would have had an impact velocity of about 150 mph and the energy of a small to mid-size meteorite. This fall has led to discussion over growing space debris risks.

ESA data shows that, on average, three significant pieces of debris land on Earth daily. With mega constellations like SpaceX’s Starlink and Amazon’s Kuiper set to launch thousands of satellites, experts warn that uncontrolled reentries will likely happen with greater frequency.

ESA officials have pointed out that although the threat to people is low, repeated strikes could become a hazard over time, not just from crashes but also from pollutants that are purged at reentry and may damage the ozone layer or shift climate trends.

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Strange New Worm Found Off Spain’s Coast Can Shrinks to One-Fifth Its Size

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Strange New Worm Found Off Spain’s Coast Can Shrinks to One-Fifth Its Size

Recently found accordion worm Pararosa vigarae, a new genus and species of ribbon worms and a comparatively less-known group of invertebrates, has amazed the researchers because of its unique ability to squash up like an accordion to a staggering one-fifth of its normal body length. It was discovered from Ría de Arosa in the Northwest coast of Spain, where it lurks under rocks in the subtidal zone at a depth of 30 metres (98 feet). Combining morphological data with DNA analysis techniques, researchers were able to overcome the taxonomical challenge of identifying this worm.

Classification challenges

According to the study published in Royal Society Open Science, accordion worms belong to the phylum Nemertea, a group of predatory worms that use venom to immobilize their prey. They pose serious challenges for taxonomical studies due to the scarcity of external morphological features.

Taxonomy is the study of the classification and identification of the living world. Traditionally, external morphological features are considered the criteria of this study. However, Nemerteans have very few distinctive visible features to rely on. To overcome this, scientists tried to consider the internal anatomy as a potential marker, but this process turned out to be very complex and inconvenient. Eventually, this process became obsolete, resulting in Nemerteans remaining a lesser-known phylum with currently described 1,350 species.

Genetic Analysis

The study describes that molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and histone H3 gene markers that indicated the newly identified specimens represent a new genus and species of heteronemertean in the family Lineidae.

Imaging experiments revealed that the accordion worm contracts its body to form regular rings that are annular epidermal constrictions that remain visible even when the animal is fully stretched. The number of rings varies with the size of the worm—for instance, the largest specimen collected had 60 rings when fully stretched.

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28 Major US Cities Are Sinking, Including NYC and Chicago, Satellite Study Finds

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28 Major US Cities Are Sinking, Including NYC and Chicago, Satellite Study Finds

A new satellite-based study reveals that the 28 most populous cities in the United States—including New York City, Chicago, Dallas, and Denver—are gradually sinking at rates of 2 to 10 millimetres (0.08 to 0.4 inches) per year. Researchers at Virginia Tech used high-resolution radar measurements to map this ground subsidence across urban regions. In every city examined, at least 20 percent of the land area was found to be sinking; in 25 of the 28 cities, more than 65 percent exhibited measurable downward movement, posing serious long-term risks to urban infrastructure systems.

As per the Nature Cities report published on May 8, cities in Texas showed the highest subsidence rates, with Houston being the most affected—40 percent of the city is sinking faster than 5 millimetres per year, and 12 percent exceeds 10 millimetres annually. Under the direction of Leonard Ohenhen, the researchers linked almost 80 percent of the urban subsidence to too high groundwater extraction, a process motivated by growing urban needs. While natural geological activity is important as well, human activity is now the dominant driver of land depression.

Experts warned that even small changes can undermine the structural integrity of roads, bridges, rail systems, and other infrastructure. “This hazard grows very slowly, decimates the ground from underneath, and if disasters occur, very few people recognise it in its early stages,” Manoochehr Shirzaei, who is an associate professor at Virginia Tech, said in a statement. The study also highlighted the vulnerability of not only coastal cities but also inland cities, including those located far from the ocean, where land subsidence increases the frequency of flooding and impacts the long-term planning of urban development.

Although it’s never going to be completely prevented, the report recommends more monitoring and legal action. Emphasis should be on improved satellite surveillance, changes in groundwater management, and building strong infrastructure. Left alone, the subsidence can turn into a quiet urban menace, experts stated.

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