Low-paid jobs at risk from Labour’s tax increases on businesses

Published

5 months ago

February 22, 2025

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Cliff Nicholls runs two trampoline parks and indoor play centres: one in Tamworth in the West Midlands, the other in Bolton, Greater Manchester. He’s already feeling the pressure from the government’s latest budget measures and has been forced to abandon further investment plans.

“The national minimum wage increases coming in April, combined with the reduced thresholds for national insurance and the increased rate of employers’ national insurance, will have a very significant impact,” Cliff said.

To cut costs, he’s already made drastic changes. “We’ve had to take some fairly radical decisions, reducing our opening hours, making a senior staff member redundant because of rising business costs, including business rates and national insurance,” he added.

While policies like the National Living Wage (NLW) increase are designed to support low-paid workers, other changes could offset these benefits.

One major shift is the reduction in the salary threshold at which businesses start paying employer’s national insurance contributions (NICs).

Currently, employers begin paying NICs when an employee earns more than £9,100 per year. From April 2025, this threshold will drop to £5,000. At the same time, the employer’s NI rate will rise from 13.8% to 15%.

Scroll through to see Cliff’s staffing finances

Under the new system, an employer will be paying nearly £800 more in NICs annually for an employee earning around £23,800 (based on a 37.5-hour week at the new NLW).

The rise in NICs will be proportionally higher for employers of lower-paid workers. For example, they will pay around 7% for someone earning £9,000 a year and 3% for an employee on the NLW. But for someone earning £75,000 a year, employers will pay 2% more.

Extended employment rights and business rates add pressure

Labour also announced a series of employment rights reforms aimed at improving working conditions. These include extending statutory sick pay to lower-paid employees who were previously ineligible and making it available from the first day of illness for all workers.

The changes would also enable employees to claim unpaid parental leave from their first day in a job, strengthen protections against unfair dismissal, and enhance rights for those on zero-hours contracts.

The government estimates that these employment rights changes will cost businesses around £5bn.

Nye Cominetti, principal economist at the Resolution Foundation, said: “What concerns me is that employer national insurance increases, like the minimum wage and employment rights changes, disproportionately impact low-paid workers.

“For instance, extending statutory sick pay to those previously ineligible adds costs for employers already facing higher NICs and rising wages. In this context, it would have been more sensible to raise tax revenue in a way that didn’t hit low-paid workers the hardest.”

But for Cliff, the changes to business rates relief are an even bigger challenge. Budget changes will mean business rates relief will drop from 75% to 45% for retail, leisure, and hospitality businesses, significantly increasing his costs.

“The business rates changes probably have a bigger impact on us than national insurance,” he explained.

“One of our buildings used to be in a prime edge-of-town retail park 25 years ago. The rental value has dropped significantly since but business rates haven’t kept pace. Next year, we’ll be paying between £55,000 and £60,000 more just in business rates.”

Cliff is not alone in his concerns.

Research conducted by the Federation of Small Businesses found that in the final three months of last year, confidence among small firms fell to its lowest level in a decade, excluding the pandemic.

Are these changes impacting inflation?

Higher prices for food, goods, and services will also put pressure on working people.

New data from the Office for National Statistics shows that inflation rose to 3% in January 2025, the highest level in 10 months.

Many businesses had warned this would happen, saying that rising national insurance costs and the increase in the NLW would leave them with no choice but to raise prices.

The latest Quarterly Economic Survey by the British Chambers of Commerce, conducted after the budget, surveyed more than 4,800 businesses. It found that more than half expect to increase prices in the next three months, up from 39% in the third quarter of 2024.

Businesses are making tough decisions

Signs of pressure are already emerging.

Lord Wolfson, a Conservative peer and chief executive of Next, has warned that it will become harder for people to enter the workforce.

In an interview with the BBC, he said that the rise in NICs for businesses would hit the retail sector particularly hard, with entry-level jobs most affected.

He urged the government to phase in the tax changes rather than implement them in full in April, warning that otherwise, businesses would be forced to cut jobs or reduce working hours.

While it is not possible to fully attribute this to budget announcements, early data suggests that the workforce has been shrinking across various industries since October 2024, with the biggest declines in sectors that employ large numbers of lower-paid workers, such as manufacturing, retail, and hospitality.

Since the budget, the number of payrolled employees has fallen by more than 10,000 in manufacturing and nearly 9,000 in hospitality.

Since the budget, voluntary liquidations have remained consistently high and from December 2024 to January 2025 voluntary business closures have gone up by 9%.

While this can’t be solely attributed to upcoming budget measures, it does highlight the challenges businesses are facing and the difficult decisions they are making as a result.

An HM Treasury spokesperson said: “We delivered a once-in-a-parliament budget to wipe the slate clean and deliver the stability businesses need to invest and grow, while protecting working people’s payslips from higher taxes, ensuring more than half of employers either see a cut or no change in their National Insurance bills, and delivering a record pay boost for millions of workers.

“Now we are going further and faster to kickstart economic growth and raise living standards, with a majority of business leaders confident that the chancellor’s plans will help drive business investment.

“This includes backing businesses to create wealth across Britain by capping corporation tax, making full expensing permanent and permanently cutting business rates for retail, hospitality, and leisure businesses on the high street from next year.”

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Business

Trump fires tariff threats at more nations as EU ‘ready for all scenarios’

Published

4 hours ago

July 9, 2025

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Trump fires tariff threats at more nations as EU 'ready for all scenarios'

Donald Trump has revealed a list of more nations set to face delayed ‘liberation day’ tariffs from 1 August.

He has threatened tariffs of 30% on Algeria, 25% on Brunei, 30% on Iraq, 30% on Libya, 25% on Moldova and 20% on the Philippines. Sri Lanka was later told it faced a 30% duty.

Letters setting out the planned rates – and warning against retaliation – are being sent to the leaders of each country.

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They were the latest to be informed of the president‘s plans after Japan and South Korea were among the first 14 nations to be told of the rates they must pay on their general exports to the US from 1 August.

The duties are on top of sectoral tariffs, covering areas such as steel and cars, already in place.

Mr Trump further warned, on Tuesday, that a 50% tariff rate on all copper imports to the US was looming.

He has also threatened a 200% rate on pharmaceuticals and is also expected to take aim at all imports of semiconductors too.

The European Union, America’s largest trading partner in combined trade, services and investment, is expected to get a letter within the next 48 hours unless further progress is made in continuing talks.

The bloc, which Mr Trump has previously claimed was created to “screw” the US, has been in negotiations with US officials for weeks and working to agree a UK-style truce by the end of the month.

The EU has retaliatory tariffs ready to deploy from 14 July but it is widely expected to delay them until such time that any heightened US duties are imposed.

It remains hopeful of a deal in the coming days but European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen told the European Parliament: “We stick to our principles, we defend our interests, we continue to work in good faith, and we get ready for all scenarios.”

While the UK’s so-called deal with Mr Trump is now in force, it remains unclear whether steelmakers will have to pay a 50% tariff rate, deployed by the US against the rest of the world, as some final details on an exemption are yet to be worked out.

The rate is currently 25%.

Business

Nvidia wins race to become first $4trn listed company

Published

7 hours ago

July 9, 2025

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Nvidia wins race to become first trn listed company

Nvidia has become the first stock market-listed company to achieve a value of $4trn.

Its share price rose by more than 2% at the market open on Wall Street to reach the milestone moment.

It was achieved just over a year since Nvidia overcame the $3trn barrier and overtook Apple, in market cap terms, in the process.

The AI-focused chipmaker has been the darling of Wall Street for many years.

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The value of its shares has risen by 409,825% since its market debut in 1999.

Its status has been cemented thanks to the rush for AI technology – suffering several wobbles along the way – but nothing significant when you refer to the percentage rise of the past 26 years.

The most recent pressures have come from the emergence of the low-cost chatbot DeepSeek and concerns for global AI demand as a result of Donald Trump’s trade war hitting growth.

Financial markets have been taking a more risk-on approach to the trade war since the delays to “liberation day” tariffs in April.

It’s explained by a market trend that’s become known as the TACO trade: Trump always chickens out.

It has helped US stock markets post new record highs in recent days.

The wave of optimism is down to the fact that the president is yet to follow through with the worst of his threatened tariffs on trading partners.

Corporations are also yet to report big hits to their earnings – a fact that is also propping up demand for shares.

If Mr Trump does go all-out in his trade war, as he has now threatened from 1 August, then that $4trn market value for Nvidia – and wider stock markets – could be short-lived, at least in the short term.

But market analysts believe Nvidia’s value has further to go.

Matt Britzman, senior equity analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said of its meteoric rise: “Once known for powering video games, NVIDIA has transformed into a foundational player in AI infrastructure.

“Its high-performance chips now drive everything from natural language processing to robotics, making them essential to training and deploying advanced AI models.

“Beyond hardware, its full-stack ecosystem – including software platforms and developer tools – helps companies scale AI quickly and efficiently. This end-to-end approach has positioned Nvidia as a cornerstone in a market where speed, scalability, and efficiency are critical.”

He added: “The key question is where it goes from here, and while it might seem strange for a company that’s just passed the $4trn mark, Nvidia still looks attractive.

“Growth is expected to slow, and it’s likely to lose some market share as competition and custom solutions ramp up. But trading at a relatively modest 32 times expected earnings, and over 50% top-line growth forecast this year, there’s still an attractive opportunity ahead.

“For investors, it remains a compelling way to gain exposure to the AI boom – not just as a participant, but as one of its architects.”

Business

Greater risk to UK economy following Trump’s tariffs, says Bank of England

Published

7 hours ago

July 9, 2025

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Greater risk to UK economy following Trump's tariffs, says Bank of England

The future of the UK economy is weaker and more uncertain due to President Trump’s tariffs and conflict in the Middle East, the Bank of England has said.

“The outlook for UK growth over the coming year is a little weaker and more uncertain,” the central bank said in its biannual health check of the UK’s financial system.

Economic and financial risks have increased since the last report was published in November, as global unpredictability continued after the announcement of country-specific tariffs on 2 April, the Bank’s Financial Stability Report said.

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These risks and uncertainty, as well as geopolitical tensions, like the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, are “particularly relevant” to UK financial stability as an open economy with a large financial sector, it said.

Pressures on government borrowing costs are “still elevated” amid significant doubts over the global economic outlook.

Had a 90-day pause on tariffs not been announced, conditions could have worsened, the report added.

The chance of prices rising overall has also grown as tensions between Iran and Israel and the US threaten to push up energy prices.

Possible higher inflation in turn raises the prospect of more expensive borrowing from higher interest rates to bring down those price rises. This compounds the pressure on state borrowing costs.

Mortgages

Borrowing costs for about 40% of mortgage holders are set to become costlier over the next three years as households refix to more expensive deals, affecting 3.6 million households, the Bank said.

Many homes have not refixed their mortgage since interest rates began to rise in 2021, meaning the full impact of higher rates has yet to filter through.

Those looking to get on the property ladder got a boost as the Bank said lenders could issue more loans deemed to be risky, meaning people could be able to borrow more.

Financial institutions can now have 15% of their new mortgages deemed risky every year, up from the current 9.7%.

Riskier mortgages are those with a loan value above 4.5 times the borrower’s income.

Be ‘prepared for shocks’

Despite the global and domestic economy concerns, the outlook for UK household and business resilience remained “strong”, the Bank said.

Investors, however, were warned that there could be “sharp falls in risky asset prices”, which include shares and currencies.

If there are any vulnerabilities in non-bank lenders, it “could amplify such moves, potentially affecting the availability and cost of credit in the UK”.

“It is important that in their risk management, market participants [people involved in investing] are prepared for such shocks.”

The steep market reaction following the tariff announcements in April “highlights that the interconnectedness of global financial markets can mean stress from one market can move quickly to others,” the report said.

Overall, though, “household and corporate borrowers remain resilient”, the Bank concluded.