Sharon Holland sits surrounded by fresh flowers as she scrolls through photos on her phone of her daughter, Chloe.

Warning: This article contains references to suicide and domestic abuse

Beautiful, poised, Chloe stares back at her from the screen. She was a fun, independent young women – until she wasn’t.

Caught up in an abusive relationship with a former partner, who her mother calls a “monster”, Chloe became a shadow of her former self.

Sharon never met him as Chloe kept the ongoing relationship a secret but she had suspicions when her daughter, who had moved out of home, retreated from her friends and family.

“As far as I knew, they’d split up in September 2022 and she was living happily in Southampton,” she says.

But Sharon began to suspect the relationship might be back on after she spotted her daughter liking some of her ex-boyfriend’s Facebook posts.

“I saw a few hearts on his pictures, and thought ‘here we go’. But she would always deny it and say she would never get back with him. Of course, she was lying to me.”

Increasingly isolated from her loved ones, Chloe’s only communication with Sharon was through text messages and the occasional phone call.

“She turned up at people’s houses with black eyes and made excuses for marks around her neck and everything else,” says Sharon. “No one told me.”

Chloe took her own life in February 2023.

Her family is not alone in their grief. There are now more victims of domestic abuse who take their own life, than those who are killed by their partners.

Between April 2022 to March 2023, there were 93 people who took their own lives following domestic abuse. A 29% rise compared to the previous year.

Assaulted with a dumbbell and handed a knife

Marc Masterton, Chloe’s boyfriend at the time, was routinely assaulting her, controlling her appearance, isolating her from friends and family, belittling her and encouraging her to self-harm.

On one occasion after he assaulted her with a dumbbell, Chloe threatened to take her own life.

In response, Masterton handed her a knife.

“She said on a few occasions, his eyes went from blue to black and it terrified her,” Sharon says.

The abuse was happening in plain sight – in hotels, hostels and on public transport. Chloe eventually chose to report the abuse to police. But two weeks later, she attempted to take her own life.

At the intensive care unit she was taken to before she died, Sharon didn’t leave her bedside. It was here she learnt from a police officer about Chloe’s testimony a fortnight before.

Chloe’s evidence

“They told me she’d done a video statement for over two hours and were investigating him,” Sharon says.

“I’ve watched it. She was crying for lots of it and was distraught. I was devastated and angry. He was telling her to take her life. He was giving her knives up against her neck and then saying, you do it.”

Her evidence led to the conviction of her abuser. Masterton admitted coercive and controlling behaviour and was jailed for three years, nine months.

Justice which, Sharon feels, fell well below her expectations.

“We needed to get over four years for him to go on this dangerous person’s list, so he could be monitored as high risk,” she adds.

Sharon is now calling for tougher sentences for those convicted of coercive control.

The current maximum sentence a perpetrator can get for the offence is five years, but Sharon points to countries like France where the maximum sentence is 10 years.

“No amount of years is going to bring her back… But he needed to get more than that.”

The overlooked victims of a growing crisis

It’s incredibly rare to get a criminal investigation in these cases, says Hazel Mercer from the national charity, Advocacy After Fatal Domestic Abuse.

“Most of the families that come to us where there’s been a suicide as result of domestic abuse, the biggest issue for them is the lack of acknowledgement of what has happened to their loved one. Is there going to be any justice that says this domestic abuse was a crime against this person who’s now dead?

“They ask, is anything like that going to happen, and at the moment, nine times out of ten, the answer is no.”

Hazel works with families who feel a lack of “professional curiosity” by authorities means critical connections are often missed.

“When we have a homicide, resources are put into it, there is a real investigation… For a suicide, we seldom see that investigative desire or professional curiosity to look behind that suicide and why it happened.”

Fighting for change

The Crown Prosecution Service is investigating the link between suicide and domestic abuse more closely.

Efforts are being made to educate police and prosecutors on coercive control’s deadly trajectory after the high-profile death of mother Kiena Dawes, who was abused before she died by suicide on 22 July 2022.

Sky News has learnt the CPS is actively assessing similar cases, but Chief Crown Prosecutor Kate Brown says “it isn’t straightforward”.

“Invariably because of the nature of coercive and controlling behaviour, a lot of that offending happens in private. So without the victim, that’s quite difficult,” she says.

They are working with police to unpick the detail of the abuse a victim suffered in the lead up to their death. Collating evidence from family, friends or even doctors if the victim’s medical records show there’s been a history of physical violence.

The Ministry of Justice told Sky News: “This government is committed to halving violence against women and girls. The independent sentencing review is looking at sentences for offences primarily committed against them.

“Victims of controlling and coercive behaviour will also now be better protected through a new law that ensures more abusers are subject to joined-up management by police and probation.”

For Sharon, her campaign is a way of honouring her daughter’s memory. “I won’t stop till I get justice for Chloe,” she says.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK