Web3 devs, gamers, investors thrive despite India’s crypto policy hurdles
India’s contribution to the global Web3 ecosystem — primarily in software development, gaming, investments and startup funding — increased year-on-year despite an absence of locally tailored crypto regulations.
India’s share of global Web3 developers grew from 5% to 12% in the last 10 years, second only to the United States as of 2024, according to the India Web3 Landscape Report 2024 by Hashed Emergent, shared with Cointelegraph.
Developer growth in India since 2015. Source: Hashed Emergent
Speaking to Cointelegraph, Tak Lee, CEO and Managing Partner at Hashed Emergent, pointed out four key factors driving India to the top of global crypto adoption: retail crypto transactions on centralized services, highest trading volumes, institutional adoption and retail DeFi transactions.
Gen Z dominates the Web3 developer landscape in India
The growth is driven by the younger generation, as roughly 80% of all blockchain developers in India are between 18 and 27 years of age. The Indian developers in DeFi, Payments, AI and SocialFi prefer Solana as the go-to blockchain.
Ton, Aptos and Base are steadily gaining momentum across other key sectors, driven by the expanding presence of layer-1 and layer-2 ecosystems, the report noted.
Web3 sector and ecosystem trends in India. Source: Hashed Emergent
While funding opportunities and builder initiatives like hackathons support initial growth, Indian developers have pointed out employers’ lack of willingness to pay salaries that match global industry standards.
The challenges faced by Web3 gaming projects are the extremely high cost of customer acquisition (CAC) to onboard Web3 users and the lack of quality gameplay beyond financial incentives to retain Web2 gamers. “Therefore, several of these games are now focusing on having great quality games before integrating blockchain mechanics or tapping into Indian gamers’ craze for RMG,” Lee explained.
Related: Indian town adopts Avalanche blockchain for tamper-proof land records
In contrast, investments into the Indian Web3 landscape saw a 224% increase in 2024 compared to the previous year — sourced from various avenues such as local funds, ecosystem funds and corporate venture arms of leading exchanges.
Lee told Cointelegraph that the lack of growth capital in the Web3 world, along with the absence of traditional venture/growth/private equity funds, makes it difficult for Indian firms to raise capital, adding:
“Therefore, entrepreneurs explore crowd sales as a way to fund their future growth. Some renowned projects may also explore crowd sales due to higher valuations offered but this is extremely rare and done by the extremely blue chip founders who can raise money from retail with ample certainty and high volumes.”
Funding in India’s Web3 finance sector. Source: Hashed Emergent
Compared to the previous years, the substantial growth in Web3 investments in 2024 “signals a gradual recovery, with investors focusing on emerging areas of decentralized finance,” the report said.
India is a global hub for founders and developers, currently home to the second-largest developer market and third-largest founder base globally.
Some of the main barriers preventing large-scale investments, according to Tak, have to do with the “slower than anticipated growth of some of these startups .“ Unclear regulations and compliances also hinder Web3 investments in India.
Growing Web3 against all odds
Despite an active high-tax environment on cryptocurrency, small-scale crypto investments saw an uptick in India. Traders generally preferred small, frequent trades, with 96% maintaining positions less than $12 with an average of 11x-20x leverage. Females represented 1 in 10 futures traders in India, highlighting the scope for greater participation.
The report called for reforms in crypto tax deductions and reporting in addition to the need for federal guidance and tax implications:
“India must overcome its negative policy perception that stifles innovation and instead focus on identifying and addressing the pain points faced by stakeholders with effective regulation that will incentivize the Web3 sector to grow and thrive.”
Indian Web3 firms call for progressive regulation for all stakeholders. Source: Hashed Emergent
The policy wish list for the Indian Web3 includes the regulatory framework for virtual asset service providers (VASP), tax rationalization, streamlined banking and payment access for Web3 companies, exemptions from VASP regulations and clarity on existing regulations.
Recent regulatory initiatives like URL blocking of locally unlicensed crypto exchanges have resulted in the influx of funds to self-custodial solutions (decentralized exchanges) or domestic exchanges, which are regulated under Indian law.
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Prediction markets Polymarket and Kalshi view Kevin Hassett, US President Donald Trump’s National Economic Council director, as the favorite to replace Jerome Powell as the next Federal Reserve chair.
The odds of Hassett filling the seat have spiked to 66% on Polymarket and 74% on Kalshi at the time of writing. Hassett is widely viewed as crypto‑friendly thanks to his past role on Coinbase’s advisory council, a disclosed seven‑figure stake in the exchange and his leadership of the White House digital asset working group.
Founder and CEO of Wyoming-based Custodia Bank, and a prominent advocate for crypto-friendly regulations, Caitlin Long, commented on X:
“If this comes true & Hassett does become Fed chairman, anti-#crypto people at the Fed who still hold positions of power will finally be out (well, most of them anyway). BIG changes will be coming to the Fed.”
Related: Crypto-friendly Trump adviser Hassett top pick for Fed chair: Report
Kevin Hassett’s crypto credentials
Hassett is a long-time Republican policy economist who returned to Washington as Trump’s top economic adviser and has now emerged as the market-implied frontrunner to lead the Fed.
His financial disclosure reveals at least a seven‑figure Coinbase stake and compensation for serving on the exchange’s Academic and Regulatory Advisory Council, placing him unusually close to the crypto industry for a potential Fed chair.
Still, crypto has been burned before by reading too much into “crypto‑literate” resumes. Gary Gensler arrived at the Securities and Exchange Commission with MIT blockchain courses under his belt, but went on to preside over a wave of high‑profile enforcement actions, some of which critics branded as “Operation Chokepoint 2.0.”
A Hassett-led Fed might be more open to experimentation and less reflexively hostile to bank‑crypto activity. Still, the institution’s mandate on financial stability means markets should not assume a one‑way bet on deregulation.
Related: Caitlin Long’s crypto bank loses appeal over Fed master account
Supervision pushback inside the Fed
The Hassett odds have jumped just as the Fed’s own approach to bank supervision has received pushback from veterans like Fed Governor Michael Barr, who earned his reputation as one of Operation Chokepoint 2.0’s key architects.
According to Caitlin Long, while he Barr “was Vice Chairman of Supervision & Regulation he did Warren’s bidding,” and he “has made it clear he will oppose changes made by Trump & his appointees.”
On Nov. 18, the Fed released new Supervisory Operating Principles that shift examiners toward a “risk‑first” framework, directing staff to focus on material safety‑and‑soundness risks rather than procedural or documentation issues.
In a speech the same day, Barr warned that narrowing oversight, weakening ratings frameworks and making it harder to issue enforcement actions or matters requiring attention could leave supervisors slower to act on emerging risks, arguing that gutting those tools may repeat pre‑crisis mistakes.
Days later, in Consumer Affairs Letter 25‑1, the Fed clarified that the new Supervisory Operating Principles do not apply to its Consumer Affairs supervision program (an area under Barr’s committee as a governor).
If prediction markets are right and a crypto‑friendly Hassett inherits this landscape, his Fed would not be writing on a blank slate but stepping into an institution already mid‑pivot on how hard (and where) it leans on banks.
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HashKey Holdings, the parent company of one of Hong Kong’s biggest licensed crypto exchanges, moved a step closer to a public listing, according to new filings from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX).
On Monday, the HKEX published a 633-page post-hearing information pack for HashKey Holdings. The document was published at the request of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the local financial regulator, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC).
A post-hearing information pack is only published after HKEX’s listing committee formally clears an applicant at the listing hearing. In other words, without explicitly stating it, this document indicates that HashKey has moved closer to listing on the exchange and is progressing toward its initial public offering (IPO).
At the same time, the document stressed that the deal is not yet finalized. “The listing application referred to in this document has not yet been approved; the HKEX and the SFC may accept, return, or reject the public offering and/or listing application.”
This is standard HKEX disclaimer language and does not contradict HashKey’s approval. Instead, it refers to the listing being dependent on completing the offering documents.
Related: Bitkub exchange eyes Hong Kong IPO as Thai markets slump to 5-year lows: Report
HashKey’s IPO is likely to attract significant attention
The news follows early October reports that HashKey was aiming for an IPO and a listing in Hong Kong this year. At the time, the report was largely based on rumors, citing anonymous sources with purported knowledge of the matter.
HashKey is Hong Kong’s top crypto exchange with a 24-hour volume of nearly $108 million at the time of writing, according to CoinGecko data. The information pack also listed the world’s top bank, JPMorgan, and local financial institutions Guotai Junan International and Haitong International as joint sponsors for the listing.
Interest in the offering is likely high, considering that in mid-February, China-based Gaorong Ventures reportedly invested $30 million in HashKey, granting it unicorn status. The pre-money valuation of the investment was purportedly almost $1.5 billion, but reports cited unidentified sources that could not be independently verified.
The platform is also looking to expand its reach. In early January, its subsidiary HashKey Europe received approval for a virtual asset service provider license from the Central Bank of Ireland.
Related: Crypto bank AMINA gets Hong Kong license to launch institutional trading
China quarantines Hong Kong’s crypto industry
Hong Kong’s growing crypto industry is not well-received by mainland Chinese authorities. Hong Kong began accepting applications from stablecoin issuers in August after introducing a dedicated regulatory framework.
The introduction of the stablecoin licenses in Hong Kong attracted the interest of Chinese technology giants, including Ant Group and JD.com. At the time, reports suggested that HSBC and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) planned to apply for stablecoin licenses in Hong Kong.
However, Chinese authorities told local firms to stop publishing research or holding seminars related to stablecoins in early August. In September, a now-deleted report by Chinese financial outlet Caixin claimed that mainland Chinese companies operating in Hong Kong may be forced to withdraw from cryptocurrency-related activities.
This was followed by reports in late October that Chinese technology giants, including Ant Group and JD.com, had reportedly suspended plans to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong due to regulatory concerns. On Saturday, the People’s Bank of China — mainland China’s central bank — said after a meeting with 12 other agencies that “virtual currency speculation has resurfaced,” reiterating that “virtual currency-related business activities constitute illegal financial activities,” in line with its 2021 ban on crypto trading and mining.
Magazine: Hong Kong isn’t the loophole Chinese crypto firms think it is
Sony Bank, the online lending subsidiary of Sony Financial Group, is reportedly preparing to launch a stablecoin that will enable payments across the Sony ecosystem in the US.
Sony is planning to issue a US dollar-pegged stablecoin in 2026 and expects it to be used for purchases of PlayStation games, subscriptions and anime content, Nikkei reported on Monday.
Targeting US customers — who make up roughly 30% of Sony Group’s external sales — the stablecoin is expected to work alongside existing payment options such as credit cards, helping reduce fees paid to card networks, the report said.
Sony Bank applied in October for a banking license in the US to establish a stablecoin-focused subsidiary and has partnered with the US stablecoin issuer Bastion. Sony’s venture arm also joined Bastion’s $14.6 million raise, led by Coinbase Ventures.
Sony Bank has been actively venturing into Web3
Sony Bank’s stablecoin push in the US comes amid the company’s active venture into Web3, with the bank establishing a dedicated Web3 subsidiary in June.
“Digital assets utilizing blockchain technology are incorporated into a diverse range of services and business models,” Sony Bank said in a statement in May.
“Financial services, such as wallets, which store NFT (non-fungible tokens) and cryptocurrency assets, and crypto exchange providers are becoming increasingly important,” it added.
The Web3 unit, later named BlockBloom, aims to build an ecosystem that blends fans, artists, NFTs, digital and physical experiences, and both fiat and digital currencies.
Related: Animoca eyes stablecoins, AI, DePIN as it expands focus in 2026: Exec
Sony Bank’s stablecoin initiative follows the recent spin-off of its parent, Sony Financial Group, which was separated from Sony Group and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in September.
The move was intended to decouple the financial arm’s balance sheet and operations from the broader Sony conglomerate, allowing each to sharpen its strategic focus.
Cointelegraph reached out to Sony Bank for comment regarding its potential US stablecoin launch, but had not received a response by the time of publication.
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