Surprise! London’s tax on polluting vehicles made everyone much healthier
The city of London has released a report showing drastic drops in air pollution since it expanded its Ultra Low Emission Zone, an area within the city where polluting vehicles must pay a congestion charge to visit.
The London Ultra Low Emissions Zone is an area within London where vehicles that do not meet modern emissions standards must pay an additional charge to drive. The charge is £12.50 (~$16) per day, and the restriction is enforced 24 hours a day.
It was first established under current London mayor Sadiq Khan in 2019, though had previously been announced in 2015 by Boris Johnson during his stint as London mayor.
While the area covered by the zone only encompassed Central London in 2019, Khan went on to expand it in 2021 and 2023, and it now covers all of Greater London, where around 9 million people live.
Each of these expansions met with resistance and the ULEZ became a flashpoint during UK elections, including specifically the London mayoral election. Previous UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak took a pro-pollution stance in opposing the zone, despite it originally being proposed by his own party. In the end, despite the criticism, more Londoners supported the plan than opposed it, and Khan weathered the storm and was re-elected.
This zone is separate from London’s congestion charge zone, which covers Central London and applies to all vehicles that enter. ULEZ is intended to reduce pollution, while the congestion charge is intended to reduce traffic (though also has an effect of reducing pollution).
The ULEZ restrictions are actually not all that strict, especially from the perspective of us here at an electric vehicle publication – most diesel and petrol (gasoline)-powered cars made within the last 10 and 20 years respectively qualify, despite that they still create significant tailpipe pollution.
Also, there are exemptions available for delivery vehicles, buses and so on.
Nevertheless, despite these exemptions, a recent report released by the city of London shows how well the ULEZ has worked at lowering pollution in London and making everyone healthier.
Report finds massive drop in pollution after ULEZ implementation
The report points out that two of the most dangerous aspects of vehicle emissions – nitrogen oxides, which are responsible for smog formation, and PM2.5, which are tiny particles that irritate the lungs – have dropped by almost a third compared to if ULEZ hadn’t been implemented, in only the few years that the policy has been in place.
Specifically, NO2 is 27% lower and PM2.5 is 31% lower in outer London. Nitrogen oxides (which includes both NO and NO2) as a whole are down 14%.
Some areas have seen even more significant declines, like Central London, the most densely populated area. It has seen a drop in NO2 levels of 54%.
All in all, 99% of air quality monitors around London have showed a reduction in pollution, so the new rules have benefitted everyone.
This is important because prior to the report’s period, some 4,000 people died in London each year due to toxic air pollution. If the most toxic parts of air pollution have reduced by almost a third, that should mean over a thousand lives saved per year as a result of these policies – and the associated misery and health costs that come along with.
And those benefits have been seen most by the communities that need it. In “deprived communities,” which tend to see the most pollution in the first place, there’s been an 80% reduction in people exposed to illegal levels of pollution.
The policy has also led to an associated reduction in carbon emissions, as one might expect. In five years, total carbon reduction has equalled the amount of carbon put out by roughly 3 million individual air trips between London and New York.
EVs are quite popular in the UK, with almost 3 out of every 10 cars sold being electric in 2024. That number continues to rise significantly, partially as a result of these policies. But also, high adoption is what makes policies like this possible – if EVs are already available and popular, it’s much easier for individuals to comply.
All in all, between June 2023 and September 2024, London saw 58% fewer non-compliant vehicles on the road, showing a significant shift in transportation patterns in just one year. This was helped by a £200m ($258m) scrappage scheme which helped pay to get 15,232 old vehicles off the road.
Electrek’s Take
We’ve seen similar moves like this from other cities and countries, and each time, they seem to work quite well.
Congestion pricing, which again is not quite the same as ULEZ, has been popular in a number of countries and cities, and has definitely resulted in lower pollution, less traffic, and easier trips – and it works quickly, too.
And, despite what those who have fallen victim to oil propaganda like to say (feel free to check the comments on our articles or social media sometimes, sigh), sure enough, electric vehicles are helping to clean the air a lot.
We’ve seen real-world results that areas with higher EV adoption see lower pollution, which shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone, except that, oil, one of the richest industries in the world with a lot of experience lying to you, has been trying to tell you otherwise.
And when temporary measures are taken by cities to transform their mobility systems, everyone seems to love it. When Paris kicked cars out and increased walkability and transport availability during the Olympics, the transformation got rave reviews. (We’ll see if Los Angeles can do the same in 2028).
It’s also unsurprising that when you disincentivize bad things, they go away. The world currently affords fossil fuels a subsidy of $7 trillion per year, and correcting for that subsidy by making them pay some of their fair share makes them less attractive to people. Maybe we should do more of that.
So it’s unsurprising to see London’s ULEZ working well, but it’s nice to have confirmation, particularly given the controversy around it at the time.
We’d like to see similar schemes elsewhere – like New York City, which recently implemented congestion pricing for the famously traffic-choked city (“no one in New York drives, there’s too much traffic“). Though, just like every other good idea, former New York resident and convicted felon Donald Trump has tried to block NYC’s congestion pricing plan, in his apparent quest to make literally everything worse.
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On today’s exciting episode of Quick Charge, we don’t even mention “you know who,” focusing instead on EV news from Rivian, Lucid, Nissan, Ford, and what it takes to make a MAN in the heavy truck space. Check it out!
Sure, Nissan is pushing back production estimates on its yet-to-begin-production Nissan LEAF and Ford’s EV sales were down significantly in Q2, but there’s more to the story than the “Faux News” crowd would have you believe. Plus: some new electric success stories from Porsche and a disappointing (but still cool) dive into some new home backup battery tech.
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Battery electric cars sold today in Europe produce 73% less life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars, even when factoring in production, according to new research from the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). That’s a big improvement from 2021, when the gap was 59%.
Meanwhile, hybrids and plug-in hybrids haven’t made much progress. The study confirms what clean transportation advocates have been saying for years: If Europe wants to seriously slash emissions from its dirtiest mode of transport – ICE passenger cars, which pump out nearly 75% of the sector’s pollution – it needs to go all-in on battery EVs.
“Battery electric cars in Europe are getting cleaner faster than we expected and outperform all other technologies, including hybrids and plug-in hybrids,” said ICCT researcher Dr. Marta Negri. Credit the continent’s rapid shift to renewables and the higher energy efficiency of EVs.
The makeup of the EU’s power grid is changing fast. By 2025, renewables are expected to generate 56% of Europe’s electricity, up from 38% in 2020. And that’s just the beginning: the share could hit 86% by 2045. Since cars bought today could still be on the road two decades from now, the growing use of clean electricity will only boost EVs’ climate benefits over time.
Gas-powered cars, on the other hand, will stay mostly tied to fossil fuels as the cost and availability of biofuels and e-fuels are still uncertain.
Hybrids and plug-in hybrids only cut lifetime emissions by 20% and 30%, respectively, compared to gas cars. That’s partly because plug-in hybrids tend to run on gas more than expected. So while hybrids aren’t useless, they’re just not good enough if we’re serious about climate goals.
Countering EV myths with hard data
There’s been a lot of noise lately about whether EVs are really that green. The ICCT study takes aim at the bad data and misleading claims floating around, like ignoring how the grid gets cleaner over time or using unrealistic gas mileage figures.
It’s true that manufacturing EVs creates more emissions upfront – about 40% more than making a gas car, mostly due to the battery. But EVs make up for it quickly: that extra emissions load is usually wiped out after about 17,000 km (10,563 miles) of driving, which most drivers hit in a year or two.
“We’ve recently seen auto industry leaders misrepresenting the emissions math on hybrids,” said Dr. Georg Bieker, senior researcher at the ICCT. “But life-cycle analysis is not a choose-your-own-adventure exercise.”
ICCT’s new analysis includes emissions from vehicle and battery production and recycling, fuel and electricity production, and fuel consumption and maintenance. It even adjusts for how the electricity mix will change in the coming years – a key detail when measuring plug-in hybrid performance.
Read more: Volkswagen’s 47% BEV sales jump includes a 24% boost in the US
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![Here's our closest look at the Kia EV2 caught testing in the Alps [Video]](https://i0.wp.com/electrek.co/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/07/Kia-EV2-closest-look.jpeg?resize=1200,628&quality=82&strip=all&ssl=1)
The EV2 may be Kia’s smallest electric vehicle, but it has a big presence on the road. Kia promises it won’t feel so small when you’re inside, thanks to clever storage and flexible seating. After a prototype was spotted testing in the Alps, we are getting our closest look at the Kia EV2 so far.
Kia EV2 spotted in the Alps offers our closest look yet
Kia first unveiled the Concept EV2 during its 2025 EV Day event (see our recap of the event) in April, a preview of its upcoming entry-level electric SUV.
Despite its small size, Kia claims it will “redefine urban electric mobility” with new innovative features and more. Kia has yet to say exactly how big it will be, but given it will sit below the EV3, it’s expected to be around 4,000 mm (157″) in length. The EV3 is 4,300 mm (169.3″) in length.
Looking at it from the side, it sits much higher than you’d expect, similar to Kia’s larger EV9. During an exclusive event at Milan Design Week in April, Kia gave a sneak peek of the interior.
Kia said the interior is inspired by a “picnic in the city,” or in other words, a retreat from the busy city life. With a flat-floor design and flexible seating, you can quite literally have a picnic in the city.
Although we’ve seen the EV2 out in public testing a few times, a new video provides the closest look at Kia’s upcoming electric SUV.
The video, courtesy of CarSpyMedia, shows an EV2 prototype testing in the Alps with European license plates. There’s also a “Testfahrt” sticker on the back, which translates to “Test Car” in German.
As the prototype drives by, you can get a good look at it from all angles. Like in past sightings, the front features stacked vertical headlights with Kia’s signature Star Map lighting. Even the rear lights appear to be identical to those of the concept.
The interior will feature Kia’s next-gen ccNC (connected car Navigation Cockpit) infotainment system. The setup includes dual 12.3″ instrument clusters and infotainment screens in a curved panoramic display. Depending on the model, it could also include an added 5.3″ climate control screen.
Last month, a crossover coupe-like model was spotted on a car carrier in Korea, hinting at a new variant. The new model featured a design similar to that of the Genesis GV60.
Kia’s CEO, Ho Sung Song, also recently told Autocar that a smaller, more affordable EV was in the works to sit below the EV2. Song said the new EV, priced under €25,000 ($30,000), was “one area we are studying and developing.”
With the EV4 and EV5 launching this year, followed by the EV2 in 2026, it could be closer toward the end of the decade before we see it hit the market. Next-gen EV6 and EV9 models are also due out around then.
The Kia EV2 is set to launch in Europe and other global regions in 2026. Unfortunately, it’s not expected to make the trip to the US.
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