Teenagers are routinely seeing inappropriate violent or sexual content, “doom-scrolling” and being contacted by strangers online, according to an exclusive survey for Sky News.
More than 1,000 young people aged 14 to 17 in Darlington schools told us what they see and experience online when looking at apps commonly used by teenagers.
Their answers raise troubling questions about whether government and tech companies are doing enough to protect children online amid a growing debate among parents and campaigners about how far to restrict children’s access to smartphones and social media.
Of those surveyed, 40% spent at least six hours a day online – the equivalent of a school day. One in five said they spent upwards of eight hours a day on their phones.
Some of the findings in the under-16 group were striking, including that 75% had been contacted by strangers through social media and online gaming.
Over half (55%) of the Year 10 students, aged 14 to 15, had seen sexually explicit or violent content that was inappropriate for their age.
Concerningly, a large proportion of them (50%) said this always or usually came up on social media apps without them searching for it – suggesting it is driven by algorithms.
Doom-scrolling is the act of spending an excessive amount of time online consuming negative news or social media content, often without stopping.
The survey represents a snapshot of teenagers in one town in the UK, but resonates more widely.
The teenagers said they wanted their voices to be heard in the debate about online safety. While they did not favour a social media or smartphone ban, many wanted tougher controls on the content they see.
When asked if they were in favour of social media companies doing more to protect under 16s from seeing explicit or harmful content, 50% were in favour and 14% against.
Image: Jacob Lea, 15, said harmful content just pops up when he uses some social media sites
‘It’s quite horrific’
Sky News was invited to film a focus group of under-16s from different schools discussing the results at St Aidan’s Academy in Darlington, hosted by Labour MP Lola McEvoy, whose office carried out the research.
Jacob Lea, who is 15, said among the things he had seen on social media were “gore, animal abuse, car crashes, everything related to death, torture”.
He said: “It’s quite horrific. A lot of the things that I’ve seen that I shouldn’t have, have not been searched by me directly and have been shown to me without me wanting to.
“Most of this stuff pops up on social media, Instagram Reels, TikTok, sometimes on YouTube.
“It’s like a roulette, you can go online and see entertainment, because there’s always a risk of seeing racism, sexism and 18+ explicit content.”
Image: Matthew Adams, 15, said he spends up to nine hours online at weekends
Matthew Adams, also 15, said he spends six to seven hours a day online, before school and late into the evening – and up to nine hours on weekends, gaming and messaging with friends.
“After school, the only time I take a break is when I’m eating or talking to someone. It can turn into addiction,” he said.
He also said inappropriate content was unprompted. “I’ve seen a varied spectrum of things – sexually explicit content, graphic videos, gory photos and just upsetting images,” he added.
“Mostly with the violence it’s on Instagram Reels, with sexually explicit content it’s more Snapchat and TikTok.”
Image: Summer Batley, 14, said harmful content keeps appearing on her feed despite her reporting it
‘It can be sexual stuff’
Summer Batley, 14, said: “I see unwanted content about getting into a summer body and how you should starve yourself.
“It just pops up randomly without searching anything. I reported it, but it keeps coming up.”
Many of the group had been contacted by strangers. Summer said: “I have, and a lot of my friends have as well. They can just randomly come up on Snapchat and TikTok and you don’t know who they are, and it’s quite worrying, they’re probably like 40 years old.”
Olivia Bedford, 15, said: “I’ve been added to group chat with hundreds of people sending images like dead bodies, gore.
“I try to leave but there’s so many people, I don’t know who has added me, and I keep getting re-added. It can be sexual stuff or violent stuff. It can be quite triggering for people to see stuff like that quite damaging to your mental health.”
Asked what she disliked online, Briony Heljula, 14, said: “Involvement with older people, people who aren’t my friends and that I don’t know. It’s very humiliating when other people are commenting and being rude; and it’s quite horrible.”
Fewer than a third of those surveyed (31%) said they were always asked their age before viewing inappropriate content.
When asked about their age on social media, around a third said they usually pretended to be older. But in the focus group, teenagers were clear that they had seen upsetting and disturbing content when they used their real age.
Image: Olivia Bedford, 15, said she has been part of a group chat where individuals have sent pictures of dead bodies
Parents ‘can’t tackle this alone’
Ms McEvoy described the findings as “shocking” and said “the safety of our children online is one of the defining issues of our time”.
“Parents and teachers are doing their best, but they can’t tackle this alone,” she added.
“We need enforceable age verification, better content controls, and stronger legislation to ensure children can go online without fear.”
The Online Safety Act, which was passed by MPs in October 2023, is intended to protect users – particularly children – from illegal and harmful content.
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Is the UK banning children from social media?
It is being implemented this year, with tough fines for platforms which do not prevent children from accessing harmful and age-inappropriate content coming in this summer.
A private members’ bill debated by MPs earlier this month proposed that the internet “age of consent” for giving data to social media companies be raised from 13 to 16, but it was watered down after the government made clear it would not support the move.
Snapchat, Instagram and TikTok were contacted for comment, but did not provide an on-the-record statement on the comments by the teenagers.
The companies insist they take issues of safety and age-appropriate content seriously.
Instagram is rolling out Teen Accounts, which it says will limit who can contact teenagers and the content they can see.
Snapchat and TikTok say on their websites that accounts for under-16s are set to private.
“It’s an invasion,” Dinah Bentley tells me, standing next to a cardboard cut-out of Nigel Farage.
The 78-year-old retired teacher says she “doesn’t laud” the Reform MP, whose grinning likeness is a permanent fixture in her West Yorkshire conservatory, but he “says what I believe”.
“Everybody talks about migration, but our country’s ruined,” Dinah adds. “They’ve ruined it.”
The “they” in her mind? People who have crossed into the UK on small boats.
We have seen asylum hotel protests intensify over the summer and wanted to speak to the people who’ve joined them.
Over the coming weeks, we’ll speak with counter-protesters too, but today, we meet Dinah, a grandmother of two who has joined those calling on asylum hotels to close.
Image: Dinah says she fears for her granddaughters’ safety
She was, like many of the protesters we met, initially sceptical to speak to a journalist.
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Dinah says she “doesn’t watch mainstream news” because of “media lies” over Brexit.
Instead, she says she gets her news from social media.
It was on social media that Dinah learnt about a protest being organised outside a hotel in Wakefield, which has housed asylum seekers for several years.
It was the first migration-related protest she had ever attended.
“We’ve put up with so much for so long and I think ordinary people now, they’ve decided it’s no good sitting, doing nothing,” Dinah says.
After reading about a male asylum seeker being charged with a sexual assault in Epping, she says she is “fearful” for her granddaughters’ safety.
“They’re undocumented,” she says, referring to those who have arrived in the UK on small boats.
“We know nothing about them. We don’t know where they are wandering the streets. It’s not right, is it?”
She’s also angry about the cost of housing asylum seekers in hotels.
Image: Dinah says Nigel Farage ‘says what I believe’
I ask Dinah what she thinks about the government plan to close asylum hotels, stop illegal crossings and deport people who do not have a legal right to remain.
“It’s all talk, all talk”, she says. “I don’t believe them.”
“I would be happy if the Navy went into the Channel, we’re an island for God’s sake, and stopped the boats.
“That would make me over the moon.”
Dinah tells us people used to be “afraid” of saying what they really thought about migration.
No more, she says.
The ‘migrant watch’ group
On the other side of Wakefield, we meet 47-year-old James Crashley.
He’s also been to the local asylum hotel protests.
An army veteran and former policeman, James says he does not think asylum seekers should be housed in hotels or houses of multiple occupancy.
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Where are UK’s asylum seekers from?
Image: James has been trying to set up a ‘community watch’
“I’ve served in Kosovo and in Iraq, within the British Army,” he says. “And if I can be housed in a tent for six months, then they can too.”
The prime minister has pledged to end the “costly use of hotels to house asylum seekers in this parliament” – which would be 2029, if not earlier.
James has, by his own admission, become somewhat notorious in his local area for trying to set up what he’s called a “community watch”.
He says the police are “very good at dealing with serious crime” but believes “they seem to forget that day-to-day crime exists”.
Image: James stresses the group ‘isn’t vigilantism’
Called “5 Town Migrant Watch” and advertised by him on social media, James says the volunteer group will support the Wakefield hotel protests and act as a “gentle presence” in public areas to tackle “all anti-social behaviour”.
But it will focus on “illegal migrant men” who James describes as having “conflicting traditions and cultures”.
“They come from cultures that aren’t as civilised as ours,” he says. “They don’t seem to adhere to our laws.
“And because of the cultural differences, as in the sexual assaults on children and women, they believe that’s fine in their cultures. Well, it’s not here.”
I say to James that no culture accepts sexual assaults on women and children are “fine”, a point he says he “accepts”.
But he claims that, by definition, people have already “broken the law” when they arrive on small boats in the first place.
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James’ group has attracted hundreds of supporters online, but also criticism from people who believe the group – and James himself – is not only divisive but dangerous.
James admits he has previously had a police caution for a public order offence, not related to the community watch, but stresses this group “isn’t vigilantism”.
“It’s a peaceful movement,” he says. “But if needs be, we’ll stand our ground and will prevent crime. We’re not allowed to commit crime.”
‘People are angry’
A few days later, we meet Dinah again outside the Cedar Court Hotel in Wakefield.
Protesters line the road, waving Union and St George’s flags. Some are shouting “send them back” and “stop the boats”.
Image: The protesters and counter-protesters
Groups of counter-protesters are there too, chanting “Nazi scum” over the police barricade.
I ask Dinah how that feels.
“I think it’s hilarious,” she says. “I know what I am, I don’t value their opinion, so I couldn’t care less what they call me.”
But standing next to Dinah, also waving a Union flag, is Sharon.
She says she’s “a little bit frightened being here” and feels it’s unfair to be put in that position just “to try and get the government to listen to you”.
She added: “I’m a 60-year-old mum. I work 40 hours a week. And nobody gives me anything free. You just want fairness.”
Image: Sharon says she wants ‘fairness’
In the crowd, we find James.
I ask him what he thinks about the government plan to appeal a court ruling to shut the asylum hotel in Epping.
“Of course they were going to try and block it,” he tells me.
Image: Dinah says she ‘doesn’t value’ the opinion of counter-protesters
“The smiles here and the good attitude and the positivity is masking the anger of what’s happened to the English.
“People are angry. People know that once they’re out of here,” he says, gesturing at the hotel behind us, “they’re going to be put in the community”.
“What happens then, who knows?”
Dinah and James are among thousands of protesters who share a sense of being ignored by the government – leaving an overwhelming sense of pressure and uncertainty about what will happen next.
Foreign Secretary David Lammy confirmed the government had summoned Andrey Kelin in response.
Mr Kelin was seen arriving at the Foreign Office building in Whitehall today.
Image: Russian ambassador to the UK Andrey Kelin arrives at the Foreign Office building in Whitehall
Mr Lammy posted on X: “Putin’s strikes last night killed civilians, destroyed homes and damaged buildings, including the British Council and EU Delegation in Kyiv.
“We have summoned the Russian Ambassador. The killing and destruction must stop.”
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The British Council’s chief executive, Scott McDonald, said their guard for the building was injured but “stable”.
“At the insistence of my amazing colleagues, we will continue operations in Ukraine today wherever possible,” he said.
“Their resilience is awe-inspiring, and I am deeply thankful they are all safe.”
Earlier, Sir Keir Starmer said: “My thoughts are with all those affected by the senseless Russian strikes on Kyiv, which have damaged the British Council building.
“Putin is killing children and civilians, and sabotaging hopes of peace. This bloodshed must end.”
The British Council is an arms-length body from the government, and says its mission is to “support peace and prosperity by building connections, understanding and trust between people in the UK and countries worldwide”.
It facilitates schemes like working, living and learning abroad for British people.
Most of its funding comes from the fees it charges people for its services, but it does also get funding from the Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO).
As well as the attack on the British Council building, Russia also targeted the EU delegation building in the Ukrainian capital overnight.
Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, told reporters two missiles hit within 50 metres of the site in 20 seconds.
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Devastation in Kyiv after deadly Russian attack
And Kaja Kallas, the EU’s foreign policy chief, said the bloc was also summoning Russia’s ambassador following the strike.
“No diplomatic mission should ever be a target,” she said.
The attacks came as part of wider strikes on Kyiv, which destroyed homes and buildings and killed at least 15 people and injured 38, according to Ukrainian officials.
Russia has said it targeted military sites and air bases in its large overnight strike on Ukraine – and that it is still interested in negotiations to meet its aims.
“The special military operation continues,” he said, referring to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which it launched in February 2022.
“You see that strikes on Russian infrastructure facilities are also continuing, and often Russian civilian infrastructure is targeted by the Kyiv regime.”
He added: “At the same time, Russia will maintain its interest in continuing the negotiation process in order to achieve the goals we face through political and diplomatic means.”
Russia’s latest attack on Ukraine has been widely condemned, with Germany’s foreign minister Johann Wadephul saying there must be “consequences”.
“Last night we once again experienced in a terrible way how Russia attacked and bombed Kyiv, civilians died, children died, and the European Union delegation was also attacked,” he told reporters.
Mr Wadephul added that Germany wanted to show it was considering a further response and that any action would be taken jointly by the EU.
A Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office Spokesperson said: “The UK condemns in the strongest terms these outrageous attacks on Ukrainians and the damage done to the British Council and EU Delegation.
“Russia’s increasing attacks on Ukrainian civilians and cities, including Kyiv, are an escalation of the war and deeply irresponsible and are further sabotaging international peace efforts.
“We have made clear to the Russians that such actions will only harden UK and Western resolve to support Ukraine and bring an end to this unjustified war.
“Russia must stop this senseless killing and destruction immediately.”
A former Metropolitan Police volunteer has been found guilty of raping and sexually assaulting a child.
James Bubb, who now identifies as a woman named Gwyn Samuels, assaulted the victim multiple times when she was between the ages of 12 and 18.
Jurors were told Bubb, who identified as male at the time of the offences, would be referred to by their biological sex when allegations were being discussed throughout the trial.
Bubb met the victim on a video chat site in 2018, when he was around 21 and she was 12 years old. They then met in person for the first time at a Christian festival a few months later, the court was told.
The trial heard Bubb sexually assaulted the girl in public shortly before her 13th birthday, and that he was violent towards the girl when he raped her in her early teens.
Image: Pic: Thames Valley Police
In relation to the complainant, Bubb was on Thursday found guilty of one count of raping a child under 13, one count of sexual activity with a child, one count of assault of a child under 13 by penetration, and one count of assault by penetration.
He was found not guilty of one count of rape and one count of sexual activity with a child in relation to that complainant, and found guilty of one count of rape against a second person.
The defendant made no expression as the verdicts were read out, but sobbed with their head in their hands after the foreman finished speaking.
Bubb, who is now 27, started training with the Met in 2020.
The first victim said the defendant spoke “a lot about the powers he had” in his role as a special constable.