Citrusdal is a seemingly idyllic farming town named after the fruit it grows. Nestled in a valley at the base of the Western Cape’s Cederberg mountains, it’s home to rows and rows of orange and lemon trees.
The tangerines in the orchards are still as green as the leaves. Harvest will come in July and August, then the fruit will be picked and boxed for export to the UK, Europe and the US.
But as tensions heighten between the South African government and Trump’s administration, this vital export may never land on US soil.
South Africa is one of the biggest exporters in the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a trade agreement providing Sub-Saharan countries with preferential access to US markets through tariff-free imports.
Image: Citrusdal, in the Cederberg region, is approximately 155 miles (250km) north of Cape Town
AGOA is due for renewal at the end of September 2025 and is incredibly vulnerable to getting the axe from Mr Trump, as he imposes tariffs on his closest neighbours Canada and Mexico.
Here in Citrusdal, alarms are sounding as market experts recommend South Africa withdraws from AGOA willingly to offset risk, rather than face the storm in September.
Gerrit van der Merwe, chair of the Citrus Growers’ Association and managing director of ALG Estates, says he hopes an adult in the room will make the right decision.
“We take a step back, that’s a hit. Not just on the farmers but on all the community. If we are missing out on prosperity the slack will probably get picked up either by a citrus farmer in Peru or some farmer in Spain,” says Gerrit.
Image: Farmer Gerrit van der Merwe worries about how Donald Trump’s tariffs could impact exports
South Africa is the world’s second-largest exporter of citrus after Spain. Though only 9% of South African citrus goes to the US, a complete withdrawal of tariff-free access could impact thousands of jobs.
“AGOA is probably responsible for 35,000 jobs in the citrus industry in South Africa but also indirectly responsible for 25,000 jobs in the US for truck driving, repacking, running cold rooms and that type of thing. We have a 35 to 45% unemployment rate in South Africa. We need wins,” says Gerrit.
Image: South Africa’s president has signed a law allowing land seizures by the state, which Trump has called egregious and hateful
A black labourer on the back of a tractor waves as he drives by. On the edges of the farm, workers sit in the backs of farm wagons full of insect-infected oranges they cleared from the trees to keep them healthy.
They are working land that was acquired during the founding years of the Dutch occupation of the Cape from the 17th century and passed down 13 generations to Gerrit and his family.
The racialised legacy of land ownership was entrenched by apartheid rule during South Africa’s mining boom and remains the reality here. White people make up 7% of the population but own more than half the land.
A new land expropriation act signed by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa allows for the government to seize land in the public interest.
The bill is yet to be enacted but has drawn the ire of Mr Trump, who responded with an executive order calling the actions egregious and hateful towards “racially disfavoured landowners” and offered asylum to Afrikaners.
Image: The racialised legacy of land ownership has been entrenched by Apartheid rule
It is reported 67,000 farmers have shown interest in US asylum but Gerrit says that is not an option for the citrus growers in his association.
“I don’t think anybody is taking it seriously. You will always have a fringe in any society of 5 or 10% that will take it up and will carry that flag but most of the people I deal with love South Africa and would like to stay,” he says.
“We do feel a bit isolated about the fear-mongering because we don’t see it on a daily basis. We are not that security conscious on a daily basis.”
He adds: “I’m not exposed to the guys up north and I think that some people are in really tough situations.”
Up north, Wannie Scribante proudly shows us the security set-up protecting his small private farm.
His cameras have AI technology that spots the movement of people, and he shares stills of his black labourers as they work the edges of the farm.
Image: Wannie Scribante who owns a small private farm feels threatened by squatters and the risk of land expropriation
He hasn’t had a single intrusion or theft since he set up the cameras three years ago but still feels threatened by squatters and the risk of land expropriation.
“I’m concerned that this has been pushed by a government that is not honest with us. Why do they write in expropriation without compensation? Then they tell me we’re not going to do that? It is silly to spend so much time on it and do a law if you’re not going to do that,” says Wannie.
Though Wannie does not believe the debunked claims of a white genocide being repeated by Elon Musk, he still appreciates the cover coming from the Oval Office after feeling ignored by the South African government.
Image: Wannie Scribante believes the South African government is not listening to their concerns about land expropriation
“They say why don’t you talk to us? I mean we are trying to and they don’t listen. We don’t even get appointments. Now, suddenly someone else says it and it opens up the conversation of our problems that we have.”
I ask him if white South African farmers are being used to push an agenda.
“Most probably, yes.
“I think President Trump has things he is not happy about – the expropriation law, targeting, things like that – but I don’t think that is his biggest problem. I think his biggest problem is our government’s friendliness with their enemies.
“He is more worried about our ties to Hamas, Iran and China.”
They became trapped as they fled their sixth-floor apartment in the country’s second biggest city of Mandalay – near the epicentre of the earthquake – and ran for the emergency stairs.
Image: The two girls and their grandmother were trapped amongst the rubble
The girls’ father initially believed his daughters and mother had died and appealed for help on social media to retrieve their bodies.
But they were alive – and had grabbed their phones in the moments before the building collapsed.
Writing on Facebook, he said: “My daughters recorded videos on their phones, thinking that if they and grandma died, their phones might be found, and their father and mother, would see them.
“They even unlocked their phones.”
He said his family could hear others trapped underneath them in the wreckage of the Sky Villa apartment block.
“They called out to each other from above and below, but there was no sound from the outside. As hours passed, they became disheartened and held hands with grandma, crying,” he said.
Rescuers eventually found them and used a hammer to make a small hole to pass them water, but they had to leave to get more equipment.
Left alone for some time, the girls took matters into their own hands and used the hammer to make a gap for them to escape.
“They wanted to make a bigger opening for grandma, but the large stones were too heavy, and both sisters couldn’t move them,” said the man’s post.
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0:18
Bangkok building collapses after earthquake
‘Gasping for breath’
Rescuers returned and managed to pull the girls out.
Their 75-year-old grandmother was “gasping for breath” and could not fit through – but was also later rescued.
“I am deeply grateful to my mother and my two daughters for enduring this ordeal with such strong spirits,” the man wrote.
“These are the words my daughters shared with me after their trauma had subsided.
“At a time when all hope was lost, I bow my head in reverence and gratitude to the Lord Buddha for allowing our family to survive together.”
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Before and after: Myanmar earthquake
More than 1,700 people are now said to have died in Myanmar following the quake, according to state media on Sunday.
Eighteen were also killed in Thailand but dozens more remain unaccounted for. Hopes of people surviving in rubble diminish after 72 hours.
The UN is rushing aid supplies to survivors in Myanmar but the rescue effort is complicated by the fact that many roads, bridges, rail lines and airports have been damaged.
The country is also in the middle of an ongoing civil war that has taken a heavy toll on the health system and displaced more than three million people.
The first orbital rocket launched from mainland Europe took off from Norway on Sunday – but crashed into the sea and exploded 40 seconds later.
The unmanned Spectrum rocket blasted off from the Arctic Andoeya Spaceport, on Sunday at 12.30pm local time before it was terminated less than a minute later.
Isar Aerospace, the German company that built the rocket, had warned that the launch could end prematurely. It maintained that despite being short, the flight had produced extensive data that its team could learn from.
“Our first test flight met all our expectations, achieving a great success,” Daniel Metzler, Isar’s chief executive and co-founder, said.
Image: Isar Aerospace test rocket Spectrum lifts off for a test flight. Pic: Isar Aerospace via AP
“We had a clean lift-off, 30 seconds of flight and even got to validate our flight termination system.”
Spectrum is a two-stage launch vehicle specifically designed to put small and medium satellites into orbit.
Its maiden voyage was aimed at kickstarting satellite launches from Europe.
Several European nations, including the UK and Sweden, have said they want to be an active player in the growing market of commercial space missions.
Image: The flight was terminated after 40 seconds. Pic: Isar Aerospace via AP
Big global companies already ahead in the satellite launch game include Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which launches from the US, and French company ArianeGroup, a joint venture between Airbus and Safran that uses a spaceport in South America’s French Guiana.
Mr Musk’s SpaceX also operates the Starlink satellite service, a communications network that can provide much of the globe with access to the internet.
Image: Isar said the flight was a success despite it crashing into the sea. Pic: Isar Aerospace via AP
Germany’s BDLI aerospace industries association said Isar’s first flight would lead to further progress.
BDLI managing director, Marie-Christine von Hahn, said: “Europe urgently needs to ensure its sovereignty in space. Elon Musk’s Starlink is not without alternatives – nor should it be.”
Sweden, with its Esrange launch site, and Britain with its SaxaVord Spaceport in the Scottish Shetland Islands, are the nearest rivals to the Norwegian site, all of which aim to give Europe greater autonomy in space flights.
SaxaVord, which suffered a setback when a rocket engine exploded during a test last year, is planning its first satellite launch later this year.
A British explorer has become the first woman to complete a solo traverse of Canada’s Baffin Island.
Camilla Hempleman-Adams, 32, pulled a sledge 150 miles in temperatures as low as -40C and winds as high as 47mph.
She finished the trek from Qikiqtarjuaq to Pangnirtung in 13 days – a day ahead of schedule.
Image: The Briton completed the challenge a day faster than expected. Pic: PA
The largely uninhabited Arctic island is the fifth largest in the world and is in far northwest Canada – between the mainland and Greenland.
Speaking from the Inuit hamlet of Pangnirtung, Ms Hempleman-Adams said: “I’m feeling pretty exhausted, I have very sore feet, but it’s nice to be back in civilisation, just slowly settling back in.
“It’s been a really tough two weeks, but an incredible two weeks.”
“When you go in by yourself, you just have a mindset to keep going,” she said.
“You adapt, you have the mindset that you can’t give up. There is no giving up in those conditions.”
She admitted she had been looking forward to a hot shower.
Image: Ms Hempleman-Adams was met at the finish line by her father. Pic: PA
Her father, adventurer Sir David Hempleman-Adams, flew out to meet her at the finish line.
He said he’d been “really, really worried” due to the strong winds – which increase the chance of frostbite.
“Being solo, you’ve got to be really on top of your game the whole time. If you just lose concentration for five minutes, it’s a real problem,” he said.
Sir David added: “It’s a fantastic advertisement for females. I mean, we are big, ugly and strong, but she’s half my weight and did it twice as fast as I did.”
Ms Hempleman-Adams also became the youngest British female to ski to the North Pole when she was just 15.