Israeli troops shot at medics from as close as 12 metres, audio analysis suggests
Audio analysis of footage of an Israeli attack on an aid worker convoy last month suggests that some of the shots were fired from as little as 12 metres away.
The Israel Defence Forces (IDF) has admitted killing the unarmed medics, saying that the convoy was acting “suspiciously”.
A spokesman told journalists in a 5 April briefing that an initial investigation had found there was “no firing from close distance” during the incident on 23 March.
Sky News has spoken to two independent audio forensic experts who analysed a 19-minute video of the attack filmed by Rifaat Radwan, one of the medics who was killed.
The expert analysis shared with Sky News suggests that the first gunshots heard in the video are likely 40-50 metres away from the phone recording the footage, but gunshots heard later are closer in distance – around 12-18 metres away.
Audio from the first three seconds of the attack captures multiple gunshots being fired.
In response to our findings, the IDF said a preliminary inquiry indicated that troops “opened fire due to a perceived threat following an encounter in the area”.
The shooting continues for six and a half minutes
The 19-minute video shows a convoy of marked ambulances and a fire engine travelling south along a road east of Rafah city.
A spokesman for the Israeli military initially claimed the emergency vehicles were travelling without any headlights or emergency signals, but the IDF later backtracked after the video disproved this claim. All vehicles visible in the convoy have their emergency lights on.
The video below shows the first gunshots fired during the attack.
After analysing the video, two audio forensic analysts told Sky News that “multiple shooters” were likely involved in the incident and “over 100 gunshots” were fired.
Audible gunshots are first heard 13 minutes and 35 seconds into the video, shortly after the convoy arrives at the scene of an earlier attack. The shooting continues for six and a half minutes.
Professor Rob Maher from Montana State University, an audio forensics expert working as an independent consultant, said: “The first few audible gunshots are likely 40-50 metres away from the (phone) microphone, based upon the crack-pop acoustic sequence and an assumption about the bullet speed.
“With so many audible gunshots, it seems likely that there were many firearms involved, and that those shooters were at different locations at different times during the many minutes of shooting.”
Most bullets travel faster than the speed of sound, this is called ‘supersonic’.
When a supersonic bullet is fired, the first sound you hear is the sharp ‘crack’ made by the bullet’s shockwave. After that, you hear the ‘bang’ from the gun firing, or muzzle blast. This second sound travels more slowly – at the speed of sound.
The time between the ‘crack’ and the ‘bang’ tells you how far away the gun is from the microphone. If the gun is far away, there’s a bigger gap between the two sounds. If it’s close, the gap is much shorter.
Another expert, Steven Beck of Beck Audio Forensics, estimated the distance of the first few gunshots to “around 40 metres”.
He added that the first audible shots are “most likely military rifles or carbines firing supersonic bullets that pass close to the recorder – meaning they are being fired at”.
Analysis suggests a reduction in the crack-pop timing from 72 to 20 ms. This indicates that the second shot is fired from a closer range. Picture – Robert Mayer
Both forensic audio experts told us that as the video continues, the gunshots appear much closer – at a distance ranging between 12 and 18 metres. They explain that the “crack-bang” timing reduces in comparison to the start of the gunfire – indicating that the distance shortens.
Mr Beck said at the end of the video “there are more shockwaves followed by muzzle blasts. The shooter(s) at these times is much closer, with distances of 12m – 18m”.
Due to the overlapping gunshots heard in the video, from the audio it is not currently possible to rule out whether gunshots were fired back.
Prior to the attack, the ambulance from which the video is filmed had been searching for a group of paramedics who reported that they had been attacked by Israeli troops.
The ambulance travelled from southern Rafah up to the coast, before performing a U-turn and joining a convoy of other emergency vehicles.
The shooting began as the convoy arrived at the scene of the first attack.
In a statement to Sky News, the IDF said it is “conducting an inquiry into the incident, which took place in a combat zone, to uncover the truth.
“All the claims raised regarding the incident will be examined and presented in a detailed and thorough manner for a decision on how to handle the event.”
The IDF also says that six of the individuals killed were later identified as “Hamas terrorists”, though no evidence has been provided to support this claim.
The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open-source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.
Faces marked by terror and torment fill North Darfur’s displacement camps.
Their eyes fill with despair as they describe what they have survived during a 16-month siege on one of Sudan‘s oldest cities.
It has entrapped their loved ones and spread armed violence, leaving village after village burnt to the ground.
Extreme cases of torture, rape and forced starvation are shared again and again in horrifying detail.
This elderly man told us he was blinded by the RSF when he tried to flee
Women collapse into sobs as they contemplate the future and the elderly raise their hands to the sky, trembling and empty, to pray for overdue relief.
In shelters which have seen little to no humanitarian aid, camp directors hand us lists showing requests for clean water, medical supplies and food. Even the trademark white United Nations tarp is scarce.
Some frayed tent material is used to close the gaps in the stick-lined walls that surround the traditional huts displaced families have built for themselves.
They use them as a temporary refuge from the battles that rage for control of the regional capital, Al Fashir.
Instead of fleeing into nearby Chad, they wait here for news that the siege has been lifted and they may finally be able to return.
But that news may never come.
The battle for Al Fashir – and Sudan
Al Fashir is being suffocated to death by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) as they push to claim full control of the Darfur region as a base for their parallel government, after the military recaptured the capital Khartoum and other key sites in central Sudan.
Close to a million people are facing famine in Al Fashir and surrounding camps as the RSF enforces a full blockade, launching armed attacks on volunteers and aid workers risking their lives to bring in food.
Inside the city, thousands are bombarded by almost daily shelling from surrounding RSF troops.
The RSF have physically reinforced their siege with a berm – a raised earth mound. First spotted by Yale Humanitarian Research Lab, the berm is visible from space.
The Sudan war started in April 2023, when long-simmering tensions between the Sudanese army and the RSF broke out in Khartoum.
UN agencies said in July that some 40,000 people have been killed and almost 13 million displaced.
Several mediation attempts have failed to secure a humanitarian access mechanism or any lulls in fighting.
‘We could hear some of them being killed’
As the bombs drop on Al Fashir, war-wounded civilians travel by road to the last functioning hospital in the state. But the beds in Tina Hospital are largely empty.
The facility cannot afford to provide free or subsidised treatment to the people that need it.
“It is so difficult. This hospital cannot care for a patient without money,” says Dr Usman Adam, standing over an emaciated teenager with a gunshot wound in his stomach.
“We need support.
“Either medication or money to the victims – by anyhow, we need support.”
Maaz, 18, a victim of a gunshot wound, is treated in the last functioning hospital in North Darfur
In nearby camps, women are grieving brothers, fathers, and husbands killed, missing or still trapped inside Al Fashir. Many of them were forced to face Rapid Support Forces (RSF) torture as they tried to escape.
“If you don’t have money to pay ransom, they take you inside a room that looks like an office and say ‘if you don’t have anything we will kill you or worse’,” says 20-year-old mother Zahra, speaking to us at a girls’ school in Tine that is now a makeshift shelter.
“They beat the men, robbed them and whipped them. We could hear some of them being killed while we women were rounded up on a mat and threatened. We gave them money, but they took the other girls into a room, and we couldn’t tell if they were beaten or raped.”
Zahra was threatened by the RSF and heard people being killed
The women around her on the mat echo Zahra’s anguish.
“They beat us, tortured us, humiliated us – everything you can imagine!” one yells out in tears.
A mother named Leila sits next to her four children and stares down at the ground. I ask her if she has hope of returning to Al Fashir, and she starts to say no as the women nearby shout: “Yes! We will return by the grace of God.”
Leila complies with weak affirmation, but her eyes have the haunting resignation of permanent loss. Her city, as she knows it, is gone.
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Babies and young children silently stare out from their laps. Many of them wear the signs of physical shock. An older woman on the mat tells us her infant grandson was blinded by the extreme conditions of their escape and takes us to see him and his mother in their hut.
“We fled Al Fashir to Tawila camp while I was heavily pregnant,” says Nadeefa, as her son Mustafa cries on her lap, unable to focus his eyes.
Mustafa was blinded as a newborn after his mother fled the RSF
“After I had given birth, we made the journey here. Mustafa was only 16 days old and could not handle the harsh conditions. As time went on, we realised he couldn’t see. We think he was blinded as a newborn on the road.”
Her mother and mother-in-law sit on the mat next to her and take turns trying to calm Mustafa down. Her mother-in-law Husna tells us that her own son, Mustafa’s father, is missing.
“We don’t know where my son is,” she says. “He disappeared as we fled.”
Mustafa’s father went missing as the family fled the RSF
‘They killed my children’
An elderly woman, Hawa, approaches us in the same yard with her own story to tell.
“These people [the RSF] killed my children. They killed my in-laws. They orphaned my grandchildren. They killed two of my sons.
“One of my daughters gave birth on the road and I brought her with me to this camp. I don’t have anything,” she says, trembling as she stands.
“They raped my two younger daughters in front of me. There is nothing more than that. They fled from shame and humiliation. I haven’t seen them since.”
The RSF raped Hawa’s daughters in front of her
Dr Afaf Ishaq, the camp director and emergency response room (EER) volunteer, is sobbing nearby.
“I have dealt with thousands and thousands of cases, I am on the verge of a mental breakdown,” she says.
“Sometimes in the morning, I have my tea and forget that I need to eat or how to function. I just sit listening to testimony after testimony in my head and feel like I am hallucinating.”
Everyone we speak to points to her as a source of relief and help, but Dr Ishaq is largely carrying the burden alone. When haphazard financial support for the ERR community kitchens ends, she says people flock to her complaining of hunger.
Dr Ishaq lives in the camp by herself after fleeing her home in Khartoum at the start of the war in April 2023. She says she quickly escaped after her husband joined the RSF.
Dr Afaf Ishaq has seen thousands of cases of violence and sexual violence
Since then, she has been constantly reminded of the atrocities committed by her husband’s ranks in Khartoum, her hometown Al Fashir and the ethnic violence they are carrying out across the region.
“The RSF focuses on ethnicity,” she says. “If you are from the Zaghawa, Massalit, Fur – from Darfuri tribes – you should be killed, you should be raped.
“If they find that your mother or father are from another tribe like Rizeigat or Mahamid – they won’t rape you, they won’t touch you.”
The RSF has besieged Al Fashir for 16 months. File pic: Reuters
A message for the West
In January, the Biden administration determined that the RSF are carrying out genocide in Darfur, 20 years after former US secretary of state Colin Powell made the declaration in 2004.
But the designation has done little to quell the violence.
Listen to The World with Richard Engel and Yalda Hakim every Wednesday
Sudan’s government has accused the United Arab Emirates (UAE) of supplying arms and logistical support to the RSF. The UAE denies these claims but many on the ground in Darfur say its role in this war is accepted as fact.
The silence from the UAE’s allies in the West, including the UK and US, is felt loudly here – punctuated by gunfire and daily bombs.
Dr Ishaq fled her home in Khartoum at the start of the war after her husband joined the RSF
Dr Ishaq’s distress ratches up when I ask her about neglect from the international community.
“I direct my blame to the international community. How can they speak of human rights and ignore what is happening here?
“Where is the humanity?”
The prime suspect in the disappearance of Madeleine McCann has refused to be interviewed by the Metropolitan Police.
German drifter Christian B, as he is known under privacy laws, became a leading person of interest following the three-year-old British girl’s disappearance from a holiday resort in Portugal in 2007.
He is expected to be released from a jail in Germany as soon as Wednesday, at the end of a sentence for raping an elderly woman in Praia da Luz in 2005.
The Met said it sent an “international letter of request” to the 49-year-old for him to speak with them – but he rejected it.
Madeleine vanished shortly after she was left sleeping by her parents, Kate and Gerry McCann, who went for dinner in a nearby restaurant in Praia da Luz.
The search for the British toddler has gone on for 18 years
The Met said Christian B remains a suspect in its own investigation – with Portuguese and German authorities also probing Madeleine’s disappearance.
He has previously denied any involvement.
Detective Chief Inspector Mark Cranwell, a senior investigating officer, said the force will “continue to pursue any viable lines of inquiry” in the absence of an interview with Christian B.
He said: “For a number of years we have worked closely with our policing colleagues in Germany and Portugal to investigate the disappearance of Madeleine McCann and support Madeleine’s family to understand what happened…
“We have requested an interview with this German suspect but, for legal reasons, this can only be done via an International Letter of Request which has been submitted.
“It was subsequently refused by the suspect. In the absence of an interview, we will nevertheless continue to pursue any viable lines of inquiry.”
Madeleine was taken from her family’s apartment while her parents dined in a nearby restaurant
In June, a hit-and-run theory emerged in connection with Madeleine’s death.
But her mother, Kate, has long dismissed the suggestion her daughter managed to get out of the apartment alone.
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Sky’s Martin Brunt investigates the hit-and-run theory in the case of Madeleine McCann
A number of searches have been carried out by German, Portuguese and British authorities since her disappearance – with the latest taking place near the Portuguese municipality of Lagos in June.
In 2023, investigators carried out searches near the Barragem do Arade reservoir, about 30 miles from Praia da Luz.
Christian B spent time in the area between 2000 and 2017 and had photographs and videos of himself near the reservoir.
In October last year, the suspect was cleared by a German court of unrelated sexual offences, alleged to have taken place in Portugal between 2000 and 2017.
The total funding given to the Met’s investigation, titled Operation Grange, has been more than £13.2m since 2011 after a further £108,000 was secured from the government in April.
On NATO’s doorstep, Russia is rehearsing for war.
It has deployed tanks, battleships and supersonic bombers for military drills with Belarus that are happening on land, at sea and in the air.
‘Zapad-2025′ are the allies’ first joint exercises since the invasion of Ukraine, and on Sunday involved the launch of a hypersonic missile in the Barents Sea.
“There are several strategic goals here that [Russia and Belarus] want to achieve,” Hanna Liubakova, an independent Belarusian journalist, told Sky News.
“Scare, show that they are capable, show that they can threaten… and of course, they’re also checking what the reaction and response could be.”
The reaction so far has been frosty, to say the least.
A Russian nuclear submarine sets out to sea during the practice run. Pic: AP.
Russia launches a Zircon hypersonic missile at a target during the Zapad joint strategic exercise. Pic: Reuters
Ahead of the drills, Poland closed its border with Belarus and deployed more than 30,000 troops as part of its own military exercises.
Lithuania is also holding drills and said it would bolster defences along its frontiers with Russia and Belarus.
The authorities in Minsk, and in Moscow, insist the drills are defensive and not aimed at any other country.
A Russian nuclear submarine sets out to sea during the practice run. Pic: AP.
On Friday, the Kremlin even described Europe’s concerns as “emotional overload”.
But the last time these drills happened four years ago, it led to a massive build-up of Russian troops in Belarus, which Moscow then used for part of its invasion of Ukraine a few months later.
And the drills aren’t the only thing Europe is worried about.
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The show of strength comes at a time of heightened tension after recent Russian drone incursions into NATO airspace – first in Poland and then Romania.
There’s a feeling in the West that the drones and drills are a test of NATO’s defences and Western resolve.
But you’re unlikely to find that opinion on the streets of the Belarusian capital, Minsk.
“There is no aggression,” Mikhail told Sky News. “Exercises are normal, especially planned ones. So I think it’s fine.”
Pic: AP
Listen to The World with Richard Engel and Yalda Hakim every Wednesday
According to Kristina, Russia and Belarus are “not the aggressors”.
“I think our head of state [Alexander Lukashenko] will solve this issue and we will support him. He’s not aggravating the situation.”
A provocation or not, the drills offer NATO a fresh chance to scrutinise Russia’s military, after three-and-a-half years of costly combat in Ukraine.
It would feel a lot more comfortable, though, if they weren’t happening so close to home.
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