With the death of Pope Francis, cardinals from around the world will soon gather in the Vatican to choose a new pontiff. Francis, of course, hailed from Argentina – but could the next pope be British?
It’s been 866 years since the papacy of Britain’s only ever pontiff (Pope Adrian IV) ended in 1159, and the history of the Catholic Church in the UK since then has been turbulent, with King Henry VIII perhaps the main culprit.
There are currently four British cardinals, three of whom are young enough to vote in the conclave.
And while none of them are considered odds-on favourites for the top job, it’s true that surprises do happen behind the shuttered doors of the secretive congregation of cardinals.
So who are the British cardinals, and could one of them be the next pope?
Image: Cardinal Vincent Nichols. Pic: PA
Head of the Catholic Church in England and Wales Cardinal Vincent Nichols, 79
Born in Crosby near Liverpool, as a child Cardinal Vincent Nichols hoped to be a lorry driver but as a teenager reportedly felt the calling to join the priesthood while watching Liverpool FC.
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He has served as the Archbishop of Westminster since 2009, the most senior position in the Catholic Church in England and Wales. Before that he was the Archbishop of Birmingham.
As cardinal, he is known for leading the church’s work tackling human trafficking and modern slavery, for which he received the UN Path to Peace Award.
He was criticised by the UK’s Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, which said he “demonstrated a lack of understanding” of the impact of abuse and “seemingly put the reputation of the church first”.
Cardinal Nichols, responding to the findings, told Sky News he was “ashamed at what has happened in the context of the Catholic Church” and promised to improve the church’s response.
“He has quite a reputation,” says religious historian and writer Catherine Pepinster. “But I don’t think anybody has suggested he should be made pope.”
He himself has appeared to rule himself out of the running as well, telling reporters he was “too old, not capable”.
Born in London in 1945, Cardinal Timothy Radcliffe entered the Dominican Order of preachers in 1965 and was ordained as a priest in 1971.
As Master of the Dominican Order – the first Englishman in its 800-year history – he was popular for his speeches around the monastic vows of poverty, chastity and obedience in the modern world.
He was appointed cardinal just last year, on 7 December 2024, and is viewed as an ally of Pope Francis who could vote for a candidate who would continue his work.
He’s a popular figure, says Michael Walsh, an expert on Catholic issues, but his age likely rules him out from serious consideration, he added.
“Timothy Radcliffe is an interesting one,” says Ms Pepinster. “There are a lot of people who listen to what he says.
“He has a reputation for speaking very well so possibly (he could be considered), but he’s nearly 80.”
Like Cardinal Nichols, however, Cardinal Radcliffe appears to have confirmed he does not want the job, telling reporters he believed the Holy Spirit was “far too wise to even think of me (as pope) for the shortest moment”.
Image: Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald. Pic: Pierpaolo Scavuzzo/AGF/Shutterstock
The diplomat Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, 87
Made a cardinal by Pope Francis in 2019, Michael Fitzgerald has been one of the leading experts on Christian-Muslim relations and served as one of the Catholic Church’s delegates to the Arab League of nations.
His ministry saw him spend time in Africa and he was appointed titular archbishop of Nepte in Tunisia.
He is known for engaging with other faiths and wrote a booklet to help Catholics understand and support Muslims during Ramadan.
He also served as apostolic nuncio to Egypt, a diplomatic role similar to an ambassador.
At 87, he is too old to vote for the next pope but can still play a key role behind the scenes in discussions before the conclave starts.
It’s also not technically impossible for him to be elected pontiff himself, despite being too old to cast his own vote, though it isn’t likely.
Image: Cardinal Arthur Roche. Pic: Evandro Inetti/ZUMA Press Wire/Shutterstock
The Vatican insider Cardinal Arthur Roche, 75
Born in West Yorkshire in 1950, Cardinal Arthur Roche was ordained a priest at the age of 25 in the Diocese of Leeds.
Within the church, some have regarded him as a cleric who was being fast-tracked to hold high office.
His time as Bishop of Leeds was not without controversy, both for liturgical reasons and also for his programme of closures and mergers of churches in his diocese.
He has held various posts in the Vatican and was made an Archbishop by Pope Benedict XVI in 2012, before being made a cardinal by Pope Francis in 2022.
Dr Walsh says that Cardinal Roche isn’t viewed as a “significant character”, while Ms Pepinster suggested that his tenure as a Vatican official could work against him when it comes to cardinals coming in from all over the world.
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Cardinals arrive to discuss Pope Francis’s burial
A British pope? Maybe not this time
“I don’t think there’s anything against having an English pope at all,” says Mr Walsh, when asked how Britain was viewed generally.
But with all four British cardinals now 75 or older, age may make them unlikely candidates to be pope, he said.
“I think they will look for someone younger,” he added.
There’s also a growing consensus that, like with Francis, the next pope should come from beyond Europe, Ms Pepinster added.
Many believe that, as the Church has expanded beyond its Catholic heartlands, the next pope should come from elsewhere.
However, Sky News understands there are whispers around the Vatican that suggest the next pope will indeed be from Europe, and likely from Italy.
Asked about the next pope, Cardinal Radcliffe said: “I think that we always open ourselves to be surprised. All recent popes have been quite different from each other.”
Angela Rayner has admitted she did not pay the right amount of stamp duty on the purchase of her second home and has referred herself to the independent adviser on ministerial standards.
Speaking to Sky News’ political editor Beth Rigby on the Electoral Dysfunction podcast, the deputy prime minister became tearful as she claimed she received incorrect tax advice and spoke to her family about “packing it all in”.
Ms Rayner, who is also the housing secretary, has been under scrutiny after a report in The Daily Telegraph claimed she avoided £40,000 in stamp duty on a flat in Hove by removing her name from the deeds of another property in Greater Manchester.
In a lengthy statement released today, she said it was a “complex living arrangement” as her first home was sold to a trust following her divorce to provide stability for her teenage son, who has lifelong disabilities and is the sole beneficiary of the trust.
She said initial legal advice was that the standard rate of stamp duty applied but following media reports she sought expert counsel who said more tax is due.
She added that these matters were confidential but she applied to a court yesterday to get this lifted in the interests of public transparency.
In a subsequent interview with Beth Rigby, a visibly upset Ms Rayner said: “I’ve been in shock, really, because I thought I’d done everything properly, and I relied on the advice that I received and I’m devastated because I’ve always upheld the rules and always have felt proud to do that.
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“That it is devastating for me and the fact that the reason why those confidential clauses were in place was to protect my son, who, through no fault of his own, he’s vulnerable, he’s got this life changing, lifelong conditions and I don’t want him or anything to do with his day-to-day life, to be subjected to that level of scrutiny.”
Asked if she thought about quitting rather than disclose the details about her son, the cabinet minister added: “I spoke to my family about it. I spoke to my ex-husband, who has been an incredibly supportive person because he knows that all I’ve done is try and support my family and help them.”
PM backs Rayner
The statement dropped shortly before the first PMQs following the summer recess. Tory leader Kemi Badenoch said Sir Keir Starmer should fire his deputy.
“If he had backbone, he would sack her,” she said.
However Sir Keir defended Ms Rayner, saying he is “very proud to sit alongside” her.
“She has explained her personal circumstances in detail. She’s gone over and above in setting out the details, including yesterday afternoon asking a court to lift a confidentiality order in relation to her own son.”
He added: “I am very proud to sit alongside a deputy prime minister who is building 1.5m homes, who is bringing the biggest upgrade to workers rights in a generation, and has come from a working class background to become deputy prime minister of this country.”
The mother of murdered teenager Brianna Ghey is calling on the government to introduce a ban on mobile phones in schools – a move she says will not only safeguard children, but also improve their behaviour and engagement in class.
In the lead-up to the attack, her killers had spent time on the dark web. At the same time, Brianna was also trapped online, struggling with a phone addiction.
Her mother Esther Ghey’s Phone Free Education campaign is driven by her personal experiences as a parent and the impact Brianna’s phone use had on her education.
Image: Brianna Ghey struggled with a mobile phone addiction, according to her mother
“All the arguments that me and Brianna had were down to her phone use,” Esther said.
“But even in school, she had issues and I used to have phone calls from the school saying that Brianna wouldn’t put her phone away.”
Brianna, who was transgender, struggled with an eating disorder and also self-harmed.
Her mother says the constant time she spent online exacerbated those issues, while impacting her behaviour at school, where she had 120 safeguarding logs and 116 behaviour incidents recorded by her teachers.
Image: Esther Ghey said she had calls from her daughter’s school saying that ‘Brianna wouldn’t put her phone away’
“It was so difficult as a parent, because I felt in one way that I was failing and then in another way, and this is really difficult for me to speak about, I was so annoyed with Brianna,” she recalled.
“I thought, why can’t you just go to school, get your head down and just focus on your education, because this is important.
“Only now, after two years of being immersed in this world, do I realise that actually, it’s so much harder than that.”
Research by the Children’s Commission has shown that 79% of secondary schools are still allowing pupils to bring their mobile phones into school, and even into classrooms.
Image: Brianna’s school introduced a ban on mobile phones in September last year
How phone ban is working at Brianna’s old school
Esther is campaigning for government guidance on phones to become statutory, with funding also set aside for the equipment to help schools implement the ban, arguing the lack of legislation is “setting children up to fail”.
At Birchwood Community High School in Warrington, where Brianna was a pupil, they introduced a ban on phones last September.
At the beginning of the day, pupils turn off their phones and place them in pouches, which are locked. At the end of the school day, the pouches are then unlocked.
Image: Pupils at Birchwood Community High School in Warrington place their phones in pouches, which are then locked
The headteacher, Emma Mills, said introducing these measures has come with several benefits.
“It’s had an impact in all areas of school, and it’s actually had a really positive impact in ways that I didn’t foresee,” said Ms Mills.
“Attendance has improved this year. In terms of behaviour, behaviour has improved. We’ve had no permanent exclusions this year in school, which is actually the first time since I’ve been headteacher in six years, there’s been no permanent exclusion.”
This summer, the school also saw its best-ever GCSE results in the core subjects of Science, maths, and English.
Image: Emma Mills, headteacher at Birchwood Community High School in Warrington
‘They can live without their phones’
For Ms Mills, another significant change has been the atmosphere in the school.
“They’re not as worried, they’re not as distracted,” Ms Mills said.
“They’ve realised that they can live without their phones. Something else we’ve really noticed is that it’s a bit louder in school at breaks and lunch times. It’s because they’re talking more, they’re interacting more, and they’re communicating more.”
The positive impact of a ban at Brianna’s old school has served as encouragement to Esther, who has written an open letter addressed to Sir Keir Starmer and Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson, asking for government support.
Police across the UK dealt with more than 3,000 protests over three months this summer – more than three times as many as just two years ago.
There were 3,081 protests this June, July, and August across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, figures from the National Police Chiefs’ Council have revealed.
Last summer, when riots were raging across the country following the Southport murders, police dealt with 2,942 protests. In 2023, it was 928.
The summer months this year have been dominated by widespread demonstrations, some against the ban on Palestine Action and others against housing asylum seekers in hotels.
Image: Counter-protesters with police as people take part in a Stand Up To Racism rally in Orpington in August. Pic: PA
‘Increasing tension’
Gavin Stephens, chairman of the NPCC, said it was clear that there has been “more community tension and more division”, adding that “we all have a responsibility, policing included, to set the tone”.
“Anybody in a leadership position should think about how we can reduce and defuse tensions and not sow division,” Mr Stephens said.
The senior official said protests this year were a “chronic pressure” for police compared to last year’s disorder, which was acute.
“This is not talking about the volume of protest, and this is not a commentary from policing on people’s right to protest peacefully,” he said.
“We absolutely support that in a democracy, but we do know that there is a climate of increasing tension and polarity in what we’re seeing.”
He is convinced communities will be able to reunite and “reset”, and said claims that the UK is on the verge of civil disobedience are “exaggerated”.