Twenty years ago today when Jawed Karim uploaded a grainy 19-second clip titled “Me at the Zoo” to his new platform, YouTube, he ushered in a new era in online video.
The video of Karim visiting the San Diego Zoo was the first to appear on YouTube, the video platform founded by him, Steve Chen and Chad Hurley. The trio sold the service to Google in 2006 for $1.65 billion, and in the nearly two decades since, YouTube has evolved from a simple video-sharing site into a global media juggernaut.
If it was a stand-alone business, YouTube would be worth between $475 billion and $550 billion, according to analysts at MoffettNathanson. YouTube is the second-most visited website in the world, according to Similarweb, behind only Google, and more than 20 trillion videos — including music, Shorts, podcasts and more — have been uploaded to the site as of April, YouTube said Wednesday.
“This is the streaming winner,” MoffettNathanson founding partner Michael Nathanson told CNBC. “They don’t have to invest in content. They just hope that the creator community comes to them and builds their business.”
YouTube is on track to be the biggest media company by revenue in 2025, beating Disney, Nathanson said. Nielsen’s latest Media Distributor Gauge put YouTube in first place in total TV viewership by company, taking up 12% of time watched, ahead of Disney, Fox and Netflix.
Brad Erickson, RBC Capital Markets internet services senior analyst, agreed with Nathanson’s YouTube valuation, but he said that a sum-of-the-parts viewpoint is not always the best way to value aspects of internet companies on its own.
“YouTube benefits from the fact that it’s inside of Google’s business,” Erickson said. “They have contextual data about their user base from other parts of the business that massively benefit their ability to target and drive value with their advertising.”
YouTube remains a key pillar of Google’s business at a time when its core moneymaker, Search, is facing new pressure from the rise of artificial intelligence chatbots, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude, and the company comes under fire from U.S. regulators pursuing antitrust cases.
Along with Google Cloud, YouTube is a critical driver of the company’s near- to medium-term growth, and could be a hedge if and when search ever slows down, Nathanson said. Together, they contribute more than 30% of Alphabet‘s total revenue and are its fastest-growing scaled businesses, according to MoffettNathanson.
The video service’s growth is primarily driven by its Premium, Music and YouTube TV subscription offerings. Nathanson estimates that YouTube Premium and Music have roughly 107 million paid subscribers collectively, and that is expected to grow to 145 million by the end of 2027. YouTube TV, meanwhile, will have roughly 11.5 million subscribers by the end of 2027, according to Nathanson’s estimates.
Neal Mohan, chief executive officer of YouTube Inc., at the Allen & Co. Media and Technology Conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, US, on Wednesday, July 12, 2023.
David A. Grogan | CNBC
The threat of TikTok and antitrust
One of YouTube’s key competitors is TikTok, which gained popularity in the U.S. as a result of pandemic lockdowns in 2020. In response, Google invested in the development of YouTube Shorts, a short-form, vertical video feature within the video platform. Shorts competes with TikTok and also offers an ad-share program for creators.
Though Shorts has helped Google stay competitive in the short-form video market, Nathanson said the format has been a drag on YouTube’s overall revenue due to the ongoing challenges of monetization.
“It’s probably helping them drive engagement, but I don’t think it’s an added benefit to revenues,” said Nathanson.
Despite TikTok’s rise, YouTube continues to play a key role in the creator economy. Between 2021 and 2024, YouTube paid $70 billion to creators, with payouts rising each year, according YouTube CEO Neal Mohan.
Among those creators is Jacklyn Dallas, 23, who has been posting videos to YouTube since 2015 when she was 13 years old. Dallas has amassed nearly a quarter million subscribers since then.
“I think being a YouTuber is the greatest thing of all time,” said Dallas, whose full time job since graduating college is making videos for her NothingButTech channel. “There are all these doors and paths that would never be open previously that you now get to do and it’s all enabled, not only by YouTube, but also by the audience that watches the videos.”
Dallas has posted more than 500 videos to YouTube. Her videos include breakdowns about innovations in tech and interviews with tech executives, including Google CEO Sundar Pichai.
In her 10 years as a creator, Dallas says YouTube has significantly changed how creators can connect with their audiences, how YouTubers are perceived by the media and the value of a subscriber. Looking ahead, Dallas said she’s excited about new features the Google video service could implement to make it easier for creators to reach viewers that have yet to be announced.
“I feel like YouTube is like a knowledge game, and so anyone could become a creator if they put in the repetitions of learning what makes a great video,” Dallas said. “Data gives you the ability to do that.”
A key challenge for YouTube will be how Google parent company Alphabet fares in federal court.
A federal judge last week ruled that Google held illegal monopolies in online advertising markets. It’s unclear what remedies the Justice Department will seek in that case, but YouTube is a key focus and potential asset that Google could be forced to divest.
“Google will have incentives to encourage more competition possibly by loosening certain restrictions on certain media it controls, YouTube being one of them,” Gartner’s Andrew Frank said.
— CNBC’s Jennifer Elias contributed to this report.
Rivian debuted new tech at its first “Autonomy and AI Day” on Thursday in Palo Alto, California.
Credit: Rivian
Electric vehicle maker Rivian Automotive has developed a custom chip, car computer and new artificial intelligence models that will enable it to bring self-driving features to its forthcoming vehicles, the company revealed at its first “Autonomy and AI Day” on Thursday in Palo Alto, California.
Rivian also said it plans to roll out an Autonomy+ subscription with “continuously expanding capabilities” to customers in early 2026, to be powered by its Rivian Autonomy Processors and autonomy computers.
The Autonomy+ offering will be priced at $2,500 as a one-time upfront purchase or is available for $49.99 per month to start. By comparison, competitor Tesla offers its premium FSD (Supervised) option for $8,000 upfront or a $99 per month fee.
The company said in a statement that a near-future software update will include a “Universal Hands-Free,” capability, allowing Rivian customers “hands-free driving” on “over 3.5 million miles of roads in North America, covering the vast majority of marked roads in the US.”
Unlike its primary competitor, Tesla, Rivian said it intends to use lidar, or light detection and ranging, systems and radar sensors in its forthcoming cars to enable “level 4,” or fully automated driving, as defined by SAE Levels of Driving Automation.
A passenger can sleep in the back seat in a level 4 self-driving car while it carries them to their destination in normal traffic and weather conditions. Waymo, the Alphabet-owned robotaxi leader in the U.S., considers its vehicles level 4.
Rivian CEO RJ Scaringe said Thursday the company’s forthcoming self-driving vehicles enable the company to pursue robotaxis, which Tesla has promised for years but has yet to launch.
“Now, while our initial focus will be on personally, owned vehicles, which today represent a vast majority of the miles to the United States, this also enables us to pursue opportunities in the rideshare space,” Scaringe said during the event.
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Rivian and Tesla stock’s since Rivian went public.
Rivian is not alone in aiming to deliver autonomous systems that meet level 4 expectations, while rolling out partially automated features along the way to drivers who generally want these to reduce fatigue on long drives or make them safer behind the wheel overall.
Tesla and General Motors are working on their own proprietary driverless systems, while Honda, Lucid and Nissan have partnered with venture-backed autonomous vehicle tech startups (Helm.AI, Nuro and Wayve respectively) to develop similar systems with a range of different technical approaches.
Powering Rivian’s self-driving aspirations will be a new in-house chip developed by the company, which is set to launch in 2026. Vidya Rajagopalan, Rivian vice president of electrical hardware, said the chip uses “multi-chip module” packaging and has “high memory bandwidth,” which is “key for AI applications.” Rivian’s chip boasts bandwidth of 205 gigabytes per second.
Rivian is under pressure to prove its future growth potential to investors and to grow its customer base amid slowing sales of battery electric vehicles in the U.S. and competition from Chinese EV makers internationally.
The fully electric vehicle segment has experienced a sales slump domestically after the Trump administration put an early end in September to a $7,500 federal tax credit previously available for EV buyers in the U.S.
Shares of Rivian are up about 25% this year, but remain off more than 80% since the company’s 2021 initial public offering amid internal and external challenges.
A Broadcom sign is pictured as the company prepares to launch new optical chip tech to fend off Nvidia in San Jose, California, U.S., September 5, 2025.
Brittany Hosea-small | Reuters
Broadcom is scheduled to report its fourth-quarter earnings after market close on Thursday.
Here’s what analysts are expecting, according to LSEG:
Earnings per share: $1.86, adjusted
Revenue: $17.49 billion
Wall Street is expecting Broadcom’s overall revenue to increase 25% in the quarter ended in October, from $14.05 billion a year earlier.
Analysts are expecting the chipmaker to guide for $1.95 in adjusted earnings per share on $18.27 billion in sales in the current quarter.
The report comes as investors increasingly see Broadcom as well-placed to capitalize on the AI infrastructure boom both with its custom chips, which it calls XPUs, and the networking technology needed to build massive data centers where thousands of AI chips work as one.
Broadcom stock is at all-time highs and has climbed 75% so far in 2025 as its custom chips, such as Google’s tensor processing units, are increasingly seen as a rival to Nvidia’s AI chips. The company has a market cap of $1.91 trillion.
Google released its latest AI model, Gemini 3, during the quarter, which it said was trained entirely on its TPU chips.
Another Broadcom AI customer is OpenAI. The AI startup said in October that it will start deploying custom chips for AI developed with Broadcom starting next year.
Broadcom CEO Hock Tan is expected to discuss the company’s pipeline of AI chips and partners with investors on Thursday.
“We expect investors to focus on FY26 AI revenue guidance, Google and OpenAI revenue contributions, and gross margin trajectory given the steep ramp of custom XPUs,” Goldman Sachs analyst James Schneider wrote in a note last month. He has the equivalent of a buy rating on the stock.
“We want to participate in what Sam is creating, what his team is creating,” Iger said. “We think this is a good investment for the company.”
Disney announced its investment in OpenAI as part of an agreement on Thursday that will allow users to make AI videos with its copyrighted characters on the startup’s app called Sora.
More than 200 characters, including Mickey Mouse, Darth Vader and Cinderella, will be available on the platform through a three-year licensing agreement, which Iger said would be exclusive to OpenAI at the beginning of the term.
As new AI products have exploded into the mainstream, several media companies, including Disney, have taken legal action in an effort to safeguard their intellectual property.
Iger said Disney has been “aggressive” at protecting its IP, but he has been “extremely impressed” with OpenAI’s growth as well as their willingness to license content.
“No human generation has ever stood in the way of technological advance, and we don’t intend to try,” Iger said. “We’ve always felt that if it’s going to happen, including disruption of our current business models, then we should get on board.”
Shares of Disney are up more than 1% on Thursday.
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Barton Crockett, a senior internet media research analyst, told CNBC that Disney’s investment is “a great endorsement for OpenAI.”
He said it’s important for companies like Disney to understand the importance of user-generated and AI-generated content.
“I think it’s crucial for a content-creation company, like Disney, to get ahead of that,” he said.
OpenAI launched Sora in September, and the short-form video app allows people to generate content by simply typing in a prompt.
The app quickly rose to the top of Apple’s App Store, but as users flooded the platform with videos of popular brands and characters, large media players began to raise concerns around safety and copyright infringement.
Iger said Disney’s deal with OpenAI “does not in any way represent a threat to creators at all,” in part because characters’ voices as well as talent names and likenesses are not included.
“In fact, the opposite,” Iger said. “I think it honors them and respects them, in part because there’s a license fee associated with it.”
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said there will be guardrails in place around how Disney’s characters will be used on Sora.
“It’s very important that we enable Disney to set and evolve those guardrails over time, but they will of course be in there,” Altman told CNBC on Thursday.