The TikTok logo is seen outside the Chinese video app company’s Los Angeles offices on April 4, 2025 in Culver City, California.
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TikTok has been fined 530 million euros ($601.3 million) by Ireland’s privacy regulator for sending user data to China.
The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) — which leads on privacy oversight for TikTok in the EU — said Friday that TikTok infringed the bloc’s GDPR data protection law over transfers of European user data to China.
The regulator ordered TikTok to bring its data processing into compliance within six months and said it would suspend TikTok’s transfers to China if processing is not brought into compliance within that timeframe.
“TikTok’s personal data transfers to China infringed the GDPR because TikTok failed to verify, guarantee and demonstrate that the personal data of EEA users, remotely accessed by staff in China, was afforded a level of protection essentially equivalent to that guaranteed within the EU,” Graham Doyle, deputy commissioner at the DPC, said in a statement Friday.
“As a result of TikTok’s failure to undertake the necessary assessments, TikTok did not address potential access by Chinese authorities to EEA personal data under Chinese anti-terrorism, counter-espionage and other laws identified by TikTok as materially diverging from EU standards,” he added.
The DPC said it also found TikTok had provided inaccurate information to its inquiry when it claimed it hadn’t stored European users’ data on servers located in China. TikTok informed the regulator this month that it discovered an issue in February where limited European user data had been stored on servers in China, contrary to its prior statements.
The DPC takes the issue “very seriously” and is considering what further regulatory action may be warranted in consultation with its fellow EU data protection authorities, Doyle said.
TikTok said it disagrees with the Irish regulator’s decision and plans to appeal in full.
In a blog post Friday, Christine Grahn, TikTok’s head of public policy and government relations for Europe, said the decision failed to take into account Project Clover, a 12-billion-euro data security initiative aimed at protecting European user data.
“It instead focuses on a select period from years ago, prior to Clover’s 2023 implementation and does not reflect the safeguards now in place,” Grahn said.
“The DPC itself recorded in its report what TikTok has consistently said: it has never received a request for European user data from the Chinese authorities, and has never provided European user data to them,” she added.
TikTok has previously acknowledged that staff in China can access user data.
In 2022, it said in an update to its privacy policy that employees in countries where it operates — including China, Brazil, Canada and Israel — are permitted access to users’ data to ensure their experience is “consistent, enjoyable and safe.”
Western policymakers and regulators are concerned TikTok’s transfers of user data could lead to Beijing accessing the data to spy on users with the app. Under Chinese law, tech companies are required to hand over user data to the Chinese government if requested to assist with vaguely-defined “intelligence work.”
For its part, TikTok has insisted that it has never sent user data to the Chinese government. In 2023, TikTok boss Shou Zi Chew said in written testimony for a U.S. Congress hearing that the app “has never shared, or received a request to share, U.S. user data with the Chinese government.”
BVNK co-founders (L to R) Donald Jackson, Jesse Hemson-Struthers and Chris Harmes, at the company’s San Francisco Office.
BVNK
Citi has invested in stablecoin infrastructure company BVNK, the startup told CNBC on Thursday, as big U.S. banks ramp up their presence in the cryptocurrency and digital asset space.
Stablecoins are a type of digital asset pegged to a fiat currency and backed by real-world assets like bonds. The two biggest are USDC and Tether, which issues USDT.
BVNK’s core technology is effectively a payments rail to facilitate transactions in stablecoins globally, allowing customers to move money from fiat into the cryptocurrency and back.
The company declined to disclose the sum that Citi invested or its current valuation. But Chris Harmse, co-founder of BVNK, told CNBC in an interview that its valuation is higher than the $750 million that was publicly disclosed at its last funding round.
The investment was made by Citi Ventures, the venture capital arm of Citigroup.
Stablecoins, once just a tool for people to trade quickly in and out of other cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, are now being seen as a potential key tool for cross-border transactions due to the speed to send and receive them, the low cost and 24/7 settlement.
There were nearly $9 trillion worth of stablecoin transactions over the last 12 months, according to Visa, while the current valuation of all stablecoins in existence stands at over $300 billion, Coinmarketcap data shows.
U.S. growth
BVNK’s Harmse said the company is seeing momentum, especially in the U.S., which has been its fastest-growing market over the last 12-18 months thanks to what is seen by the crypto industry as a more favorable regulatory environment.
Earlier this year, the U.S. passed the GENIUS Act, a bill designed to regulate and bring more clarity to the stablecoin market.
“You are seeing with the GENIUS Act coming through, and regulatory clarity, an explosion of demand for building on top of stablecoin infrastructure,” Harmse told CNBC.
BVNK’s technology can be used by customers to pay suppliers, contractors or merchants in other countries. The company is looking to expand its customer base, including to digital-only banks or neobanks that may use stabelcoins for their core checking account, Harmse said.
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The co-founder declined to get into the specifics of the company’s work with Citi as it’s “too early to announce” but noted the Wall Street bank has been bolstering its cross-border payment services.
“U.S. banks at the scale of Citi, because of the GENIUS Act, are putting their weight behind … investing in leading businesses in the space to make sure they are at forefront of this technological shift in payments,” Harmse said.
Citi signaled its step up into crypto this year. CEO Jane Fraser said in June that the company is considering issuing its own stablecoin and is interested in offering custodian services for crypto assets.
BVNK has “dipped in and out of profitability” as the company has invested in growth, Harmse said, adding that the company is on track to be profitable next year. BVNK is also backed by Coinbase and Tiger Global.
The startup is playing in a highly-competitive space with other newcomers like Alchemy Pay and TripleA and established players like Ripple trying to get a slice of the cross-border digital money pie.
Wall Street welcomes crypto
Citi isn’t alone in embracing digital assets when it comes to major U.S. banks and financial institutions.
JPMorgan Chase launched its own stablecoin-like token called JPMD this year. The bank also made the decision this year to allow clients to buy bitcoin.
Banks have been looking at how to use blockchain, a technology originally developed to underpin bitcoin, to lower the cost and speed up transactions of many kinds. Part of this involves “tokenization” which broadly means the idea of issuing a digital token that represents something such as a deposit.
Bank of New York Mellon, for example, is exploring tokenized deposits. HSBC has already launched a tokenized deposit service.
OpenAI’s ChatGPT Go has expanded to a total of 18 countries across Asia, according to an announcement made yesterday.
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OpenAI has expanded its lower-cost subscription plan, ChatGPT Go, to 16 more countries across Asia, company head Nick Turley announced Thursday.
“Making ChatGPT more affordable has been a key ask from users,” said Turley in a post on social media platform X in August.
The artificial intelligence company launched ChatGPT Go in India and Indonesia earlier this year.
The rollout brings OpenAI’s cheapest plan to users across a total of 18 Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste (East Timor) and Vietnam.
The expansion aims to increase the accessibility of the company’s latest model GPT-5, OpenAI said on its website.
ChatGPT Go includes all features in the free version, as well as extended access to image generation, file uploads, advanced data analysis and other functions. It also includes higher usage limits than the free plan for core chat and tools, according to OpenAI.
ChatGPT Go launched in India and Indonesia at a monthly fee of 399 rupees (about $4.50) and 75,000 rupiah (about $4.53), respectively — which are a fraction of the price of the company’s other subscription plans. The cost of the plan in other Asian markets may differ.
OpenAI currently has two other paid personal plans: ChatGPT Plus, which is offered at $20 a month and ChatGPT Pro, which is offered at $200 a month. The company also offers a business plan for $25 a month.
The use of ChatGPT has grown rapidly across the globe since its launch in late 2022. According to data from OpenAI, adoption growth rates of the AI chatbot in the lowest income countries were over four times those in the highest income countries by May 2025.
OpenAI noted that the budget-friendly plan is gradually being made available to all users. For those in Cambodia, Laos and Nepal, ChatGPT Go is already available on web and Android subscriptions, but not yet in the iOS app.
Lisa Su, chair and chief executive officer of Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (AMD), during a Bloomberg Television interview in San Francisco, California, US, on Monday, Oct. 6, 2025.
David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images
AMD stock climbed 11% on Wednesday, continuing a massive run since OpenAI announced plans to buy billions of dollars of AI equipment from the chipmaker earlier this week.
On Monday, the ChatGPT maker entered into an agreement to potentially own 10% of AMD, based on its stock price and partnership milestones.
AMD now has a market cap of $380 billion after climbing 4% on Tuesday and 24% on Monday. Shares are up 43% so far this week, on pace for the best weekly gain since April 2016.
The partnership with OpenAI, which has historically been closely linked with Nvidia, has bolstered investor confidence that AMD will be a viable competitor to Nvidia in AI chips.
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AMD CEO Lisa Su told reporters on Monday that the deal was a “win-win” and that its AI chips were good enough to be used in “at-scale deployments,” or very large data centers like the kind OpenAI and cloud providers build.
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang on Wednesday reacted to the deal on CNBC’s Squawk Box, saying it was “surprising.”
“It’s imaginative, it’s unique and surprising, considering they were so excited about their next-generation product,” Huang said. “I’m surprised that they would give away 10% of the company before they even built it. And so anyhow, it’s clever, I guess.”