Connect with us

Published

on

NASA’s Juno mission has discovered a world of cyclones at Jupiter’s north Jovian pole, a region of cooler stratospheric haze. The cyclones drift to the pole through a process the researchers refer to as “beta drift” via JunoCam and Jovian Infrared Aurora Mapper. The cyclones oscillate around their centres and can drift clockwise around the pole. Juno has also been making recurring flybys of the innermost Jovian moon, Io, revealing evidence of subterranean magma flows below its surface. These cooling flows could explain how Io’s volcanoes erupt, as about 10% of the moon’s subsurface has these flows.

Juno Spots Colliding Jupiter Cyclones and Magma Beneath Io’s Surface

As per the data presented by NASA at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly on April 29, Juno has observed a large central cyclone over 1,800 miles wide, encircled by eight slightly smaller cyclones. These weather systems, blowing at speeds over 100 miles per hour, interact through a phenomenon called beta drifts — similar to Earth’s cyclones but progressing to Jupiter’s pole.

Once enabled, researchers could visualise both visible and thermal activity in Jupiter’s atmosphere. The cyclones stabilise one another and slowly push in the same direction around the pole—in a clockwise direction, as the researchers noted. Jupiter’s cyclones differ from those on Earth since they do not weaken over time at the poles, when the planet has a different atmospheric makeup.

At the same time, exploring Io with Juno has made another discovery: that beneath the surface of the moon lie hidden flows of magma. By pairing infrared and microwave data, scientists picked up warm lava from a large eruption on Dec. 27, 2024. The volcano remained active through Juno’s next flyby in March and is expected to erupt again in May. These discoveries mark the most energetic volcanic eruption ever observed on Io.

The detection of subsurface magma confirms Io’s surface is constantly being renewed. Scientists calculate that 10% of the moon’s interior contains slowly cooling lava. These lava flows help transport heat from Io’s interior to the surface.

Continue Reading

Science

Quantum Tech Could Finally Let Astronomers Snap Direct Images of Earth-Like Exoplanets

Published

on

By

Quantum Tech Could Finally Let Astronomers Snap Direct Images of Earth-Like Exoplanets

A team of U.S.-based astronomers is building a new kind of coronagraph — one powered by quantum mechanics — that could enable direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets previously considered too faint or too close to their host stars to detect. Traditional telescopes have advanced since Galileo’s time, with instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now capable of analysing distant planetary atmospheres. But even these devices generally are not able to capture images of planets and asteroids that orbit nearby bright stars, as their light is frequently drowned out. Now, a breakthrough could be in sight.

Quantum-Sensitive Coronagraph May Revolutionize Exoplanet Imaging With Sub-Diffraction Precision

As per a recent Space.com report, researchers from the University of Arizona and the University of Maryland have developed a “quantum-sensitive” coronagraph that filters starlight before it reaches the telescope’s detector. By exploiting differences in the spatial modes of photons — how light waves behave in space — the device physically separates planetary light from overwhelming stellar glare. “This method routes photons to different regions before they even hit the sensor,” one co-author explained, emphasising its superiority to digital image processing.

This experimental device uses a “spatial mode sorter”, a series of precision-crafted optical phase masks that redirect light waves from exoplanets, allowing astronomers to view them below the diffraction limit. Normally, achieving this resolution would require telescopes too massive for current spaceflight capabilities. But quantum engineering may bypass that need altogether, provided that light purity — known as mode fidelity — reaches the stringent 1-in-a-billion requirement needed to block star photons while preserving exoplanet signals.

In lab tests, researchers successfully simulated star-planet systems and demonstrated that their system could resolve a dim, Earth-like planet even when positioned one-tenth the distance modern coronagraphs can handle. At higher star-to-planet contrast ratios — up to 1,000:1 — the device maintained accuracy within a few percentage points of theoretical limits, showcasing its potential for space-based observatories.

The technology could augment missions like NASA’s upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory, designed to detect biosignatures on exoplanets. While scientists caution that the method isn’t a standalone solution, they believe it could dramatically expand the toolkit for planetary discovery. The findings were published on April 22 in Optica.

For the latest tech news and reviews, follow Gadgets 360 on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News. For the latest videos on gadgets and tech, subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you want to know everything about top influencers, follow our in-house Who’sThat360 on Instagram and YouTube.


iPhone 16 Pro Max, iPhone 15, MacBook Air (M4) and More Get Discounts During Vijay Sales Apple Days Sale



Trump Threatens 25 Percent Tariffs on Apple If iPhones Not Made in US

Continue Reading

Science

New Homo Erectus Fossils Reveal Ancient Migration Across Drowned Sundaland

Published

on

By

New Homo Erectus Fossils Reveal Ancient Migration Across Drowned Sundaland

Homo erectus, an extinct human ancestor is an important part of our evolutionary history. Emerging at least 2 million years ago, it was the first species to develop human-like body proportions and the first human species to migrate out of Africa, eventually finding its way to Southeast Asia. Homo erectus was first discovered in Java and was known as “Java Man” until the species was officially renamed. Long thought to have been isolated on the island of Java, two fossil fragments of a Homo erectus skull—which surfaced with recent ocean dredging in preparation for the construction of an artificial island—revealed that this hominin species migrated and spread throughout the islands when they could still walk over bridges of land.

The drowned Sundaland

According to four studies published in Quaternary Environments and Human, by archaeologist Harold Berghuis and his team, these lost lands, called drowned Sundaland, were once vast open plains interspersed with rivers around 140,000 years ago.

During the glacial period that chilled the Earth 140,000 years ago, sea levels in the Indonesian region of Sundaland were low enough for present-day islands to tower like mountain ranges with a lowland savannah stretching between them. It was an expanse of mostly dry grasslands with strips of forest edging the rivers, and animals like crocodiles, river sharks, elephants, hippos, rhinos, and Komodo dragons flourished in the region.

Hunting and Cultural exchanges

Berghuis and his team argue that these ancient rivers provided not just water, but sustenance through fruit-bearing trees, fish, shellfish, and edible plants. Tool marks on bones Fossils show that Homo erectus hunted river turtles and large terrestrial animals.

The hunting techniques observed, such as targeting animals in their prime, are typically associated with more modern humans, raising questions about whether this H. erectus group developed such strategies independently or learned them through cultural exchange with other human relatives like Denisovans or Neanderthals. H. erectus is believed to have survived on Java until about 117,000 years ago, well after it disappeared elsewhere in Asia.

For the latest tech news and reviews, follow Gadgets 360 on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News. For the latest videos on gadgets and tech, subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you want to know everything about top influencers, follow our in-house Who’sThat360 on Instagram and YouTube.


WhatsApp Rolls Out Voice Chat Feature for All Group Chats With End-to-End Encryption



Landman Season 1 Now Available on JioHotstar: What You Need to Know About American Political Drama Series

Continue Reading

Science

Einstein Probe Detects Mysterious X-ray Flare with Record-Long Emission

Published

on

By

Einstein Probe Detects Mysterious X-ray Flare with Record-Long Emission

Fast Evolving X-ray Transients (FEXTs) are intense bursts of soft X-ray emissions that can last for minutes to hours with a wide range of luminosities. Due to their enigmatic nature, FEXTs have been a importance for scientists. Einstein Probe (EP) is one of the crucial space telescopes for the search and investigation of FEXTs. An international team of astronomers using the Einstein Probe reports the discovery of a new peculiar fast-evolving X-transient. The newfound transient exhibits an unprecedentedly long-lasting X-ray emission.

A Puzzling Long-Lived X-ray Transient

The finding was detailed in a paper published May 12 on the arXiv preprint server. According to the published paper, the newfound peculiar FEXT, dubbed EP241021a, was detected on Oct 21, 2024, with the help of EP’s wide-field X-ray telescope (WXT). EP241021a was identified by WXT as an intense flare, which lasted for approximately 92 seconds and reached a luminosity of about one quindecillion erg/s. The X-ray spectrum of the flare was found to be relatively hard with a photon index of 1.8.

The team of astronomers, led by Xinwen Shu of the Anhui Normal University in China, has concluded that EP241021a is an extremely unusual transient mainly due to its extended emission period. Follow-up observations of the flare up to 79 days after its detection revealed that its X-ray light curve shows a nearly plateau phase for the first 7 days, which is followed by a steep decline during the period of about 30 days. Afterward, the X-ray emission rapidly drops under the detection level.

The researchers also detected significant multiwavelength signals associated with EP241021a. About 1.8 days after the initial X-ray detection, optical emissions were also detected. This emission is likely connected to the flare’s afterglow.

Possible origins

The origin of FEXTs is puzzling. Astronomers try to explain their origin take into account several scenarios; for instance, stellar flares, supernova shock breakouts, or long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
Trying to explain the origin of EP241021a, the authors of the paper favor two scenarios. These are: a magnetar engine, involving a highly magnetized neutron star, or a jetted tidal disruption event (TDE), where a star is consumed by a black hole.

For the latest tech news and reviews, follow Gadgets 360 on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News. For the latest videos on gadgets and tech, subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you want to know everything about top influencers, follow our in-house Who’sThat360 on Instagram and YouTube.


What is US’ Stablecoin-Focussed GENIUS Act: Everything to Know



WhatsApp Rolls Out Voice Chat Feature for All Group Chats With End-to-End Encryption

Continue Reading

Trending