A killer fungus that infects millions of people a year in hotter climes may soon spread through Europe and into the UK as the world warms further, according to a new study on how climate change spreads disease.
The aspergillus species – which can cause deadly human brain infections, spoil livestock and render crops unsafe to eat – is forecast to spread northwards from Africa and South America into Europe and Asia.
How far it spreads will depend on how quickly the world phases out fossil fuels and other drivers of climate change, the paper said, while slow action will put more people at risk.
Global warming is also raising the risk of the spread of other diseases, such as those spread by mosquitoes like malaria and dengue.
Fungi are a growing concern but largely unexplored.
They live in the air, soil and inside our bodies and spread through spores in the air we breathe – but more than 90% are estimated still to be unknown to science.
Lead author of the new research, Norman van Rhijn from Manchester University, told Sky News they are “extremely difficult” to treat.
More from Science, Climate & Tech
Few antifungal medicines exist, while the fungi themselves are increasingly drug-resistant and hard to spot and diagnose.
Fungi are also essential to a healthy ecosystem, decomposing organic matter and helping to suck up climate-heating carbon dioxide.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
1:55
‘Tropical nights’ soar in European hotspots
‘Scary’ reality
Viewers of the TV show The Last Of Us will be familiar with the threat: the post-apocalyptic drama depicts a brain-altering fungus that has wiped out much of society.
But “reality is already scary enough”, Dr Van Rhijn told Sky News presenter Leah Boleto.
Infections from all fungi already cause 2.5 million deaths globally each year.
Healthy immune systems kick out the spores, but vulnerable people can end up contracting infections like invasive aspergillosis, which spreads rapidly from the lungs to other parts of the body like the brain, and currently kills 1.8m people a year globally.
Image: Aspergillus fumigatus was found to be particularly well adapted for cooler climates. Pic: Reuters
“Most fungi live in the environment,” said Dr Van Rhijn. “Because that environment is rapidly changing, we will definitely see different kinds of diseases and infections popping up over the next 50 years or so.”
The scientists looked at the existing habitats suitable for certain types of fungi to grow. They then mapped how those habitats might move or spread under different rates of global warming.
In a worst-case scenario, the spread of Aspergillus flavus could increase by about 16%, putting 1 million more people at risk of infection in Europe, damaging the respiratory system, as well as various crops.
It is highly virulent, causes severe infections and is resistant to many antifungals available.
And another in the same family, Aspergillus fumigatus, could spread by a further 77%, potentially exposing nine million people in Europe, the research suggested.
Image: Pic: Reuters
However, it also found temperatures in Africa could become so high that some fungi would no longer be able to survive on the continent.
The study has not yet been peer-reviewed, but is backed by the renowned health institution the Wellcome Trust, which funded the research.
Viv Goosens, research manager at Wellcome, said: “Fungal pathogens pose a serious threat to human health by causing infections and disrupting food systems. Climate change will make these risks worse. To address these challenges, we must fill important research gaps.”
Professor Dann Mitchell from Bristol University, who was not involved with the study, said fungi are “often overlooked” in comparison with viral, bacterial, or parasitic pathogens, despite being a “crucial part of the picture”.
Healthcare systems must be equipped to “recognise and respond to these new threats”, as misdiagnosis is common when pathogens appear in unfamiliar regions, he warned.
The developer of the Hornsea 4 windfarm expansion has “discontinued” the project, blaming a surge in challenges including higher costs.
Orsted made the announcement while revealing a bigger than expected rise in first quarter profits despite increased headwinds facing its offshore wind interests.
The Danish firm secured funding for both Hornsea 3 and Hornsea 4 under the government’s auction of renewable energy “contracts for difference” last year.
The projects, when combined, would have more than doubled the size of the existing Hornsea windfarm off the East Yorkshire coast – already the world’s largest.
It had the potential to add 2,400 MW of peak capacity – enough to power 2.6 million homes.
But the company said on Wednesday that Hornsea 4 was no longer viable in its current form.
More on Climate Change
Related Topics:
It cited “several adverse developments relating to continued increase of supply chain costs, higher interest rates, and an increase in the risk to construct and operate Hornsea 4 on the planned timeline for a project of this scale”.
It added: “Orsted will evaluate options for future development of the Hornsea 4 project given the continuing seabed rights, grid connection agreement and Development Consent Order.”
Image: The existing Hornsea development is already the world’s largest by area
The decision represents a blow to the government’s green energy ambitions.
It wants to eliminate the UK’s reliance on natural gas for energy security which, it says, will erase the country’s exposure to price volatility, bring down bills and bolster the fight against climate change at the same time.
Orsted boss Rasmus Errboe said: “We remain fully committed to being an important partner to the UK government to help them achieve their ambitious target for offshore wind build-out and appreciate the work they’ve done to deliver a clear framework to support offshore wind.
“However, our capital allocation is based on a strict and value-focused approach, and after careful consideration, we’ve decided to discontinue the development of the Hornsea 4 project in its current form, well ahead of the planned Final Investment Decision later this year.”
A Department for Energy Security and Net Zero spokesperson responded: “We recognise the effect that globally high inflation and supply chain constraints are having on industry across Europe, and we will work with Orsted to get Hornsea 4 back on track.
“We have a strong pipeline of projects to deliver clean power by 2030 and our mission-led approach ensures we can steer our way through global pressures and individual commercial decisions to reach our targets.
“Through our mission we will deliver an energy system that brings energy bills down for good and bolsters Britain’s energy security as part of our Plan for Change.”
Dhara Vyas, the chief executive of industry body Energy UK, responded: “In 2024, wind overtook gas as GB’s largest source of power. Along with the broad range of technologies we have, wind has already and will continue to play a significant role in reducing our reliance on foreign fossil fuels, and building a resilient energy system powered predominately by British sources.
“Not only will this boost energy security, it will grow our economy and bring down bills in the long-term.
“The loss of such a big project will raise the stakes yet further for the forthcoming Contracts for Difference auction round, AR7.
“Whilst Orsted has been clear this is not a result of government policy, with offshore wind playing such a critical role in our future energy ambitions it’s vital that the government doubles down to ensure AR7 is a success.”
Greenpeace UK’s head of climate, Mel Evans, said: “It is a tragic irony that gas-driven inflation is threatening the very thing that promises to bring down the soaring cost of energy, which has sent inflation and manufacturing costs through the roof. Getting off volatile and expensive gas and making renewables the backbone of our energy system has never been more necessary than it is right now.
“Post-COVID supply chain breakdowns have also made everything much harder to build, on time or on budget.
“This is why the government must double down on its commitment to clean power and invest heavily in domestic wind manufacturing. This would help to overcome the supply chain issues faced by companies like Orsted and lower costs, which would be good for the government’s clean power plan, good for jobs and good for Britain.”
Red Wall Labour MPs are demanding ministers “act now before it’s too late” and reverse the unpopular cut to winter fuel payments.
A number of MPs in the Red Wall – the term used to describe Labour’s traditional heartlands in the north of England – reposted a statement on social media in which they said the leadership’s response to the local elections had “fallen on deaf ears”.
They singled out the cut to the winter fuel allowance as an issue that was raised on the doorstep and urged the government to rethink the policy, arguing that doing so “isn’t weak, it takes us to a position of strength”.
The group, thought to number about 40 MPs, met last night following the fallout of local election results in England, which saw Labour narrowly lose the Runcorn by-election, as well ascontrol of Doncaster Council, to Reform.
In addition, Nigel Farage’s party picked up more than 650 councillors and won control of 10 councils in Labour strongholds such as Durham.
Spreaker
This content is provided by Spreaker, which may be using cookies and other technologies.
To show you this content, we need your permission to use cookies.
You can use the buttons below to amend your preferences to enable Spreaker cookies or to allow those cookies just once.
You can change your settings at any time via the Privacy Options.
Unfortunately we have been unable to verify if you have consented to Spreaker cookies.
To view this content you can use the button below to allow Spreaker cookies for this session only.
Although Labour narrowly held on to mayoralties in Doncaster and the West of England, it lost control of Doncaster Council – the only local authority it had control of in this set of elections – to Mr Farage’s party, which also gained its own mayors in Greater Lincolnshire and Hull and East Yorkshire.
The MPs said the poll was the “big test for the prime minister” but that the party’s voters had “told us loudly and clearly that we have not met their expectations”.
Following the results, Sir Keir Starmer said the message he was taking away from the results was that “we must deliver that change even more quickly. We must go even further.”
His response has drawn an angry reaction from some Labour MPs who believe it amounted to ignoring voters’ concerns.
One of the MPs who was present at last night’s meeting told Sky News there was “lots of anger at the government’s response to the results”.
“People acknowledged the winter fuel allowance was the main issue for us on the doorstep. There is a lack of vision from this government, and residents don’t see it.”
Another added: “Everyone was furious”.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
3:02
‘I get it’, PM tells Sky News
Elsewhere in the statement, the MPs urged the party leadership to “visit our areas, listen and rebuild the social contract between government and the people”.
“The prime minister has shown strong leadership internationally, which must now be matched at home,” the statement read.
“The demands raised by new MPs from post-industrial towns where infrastructure is poor, with years of underinvestment, must be taken off the too-difficult-to-do list. Breakaway from Treasury orthodoxy, otherwise we will never get the investment we desperately need.”
It added: “The government needs to improve its messaging by telling our story and articulating our values in the language that resonates and is heard.
“Labour cannot afford to lose the Red Wall again as it reopens the route to a future of opposition and an existential crisis. Without red wall communities, we are not the Labour Party.
“The government has to act now before it’s too late.”
The government has also drawn criticism for the winter fuel policy from outside Westminster.
On Tuesday, Welsh First Minister Baroness Eluned Morgan called for the cuts to winter fuel allowance to be reviewed in a landmark speech.
However, Downing Street has ruled out a U-turn on means testing the winter fuel payment.
The prime minister’s official spokesman said: “The policy is set out, there will not be a change to the government’s policy.”
They added that the decision was necessary “to ensure economic stability and repair the public finances following the £22bn black hole left by the previous government”.
The daughters of a woman who vanished more than seven years ago have made a fresh appeal to find their missing mum.
Stefana Otilia Malinici has not been seen by her family and friends since she left her home on Beccles Drive in Barking, east London, on 6 September 2017.
The 45-year-old, who is also known as Otilia, was 37 at the time of her disappearance and working as a cleaner in the capital.
The last sighting of her was on CCTV when she went into a shop on Green Lane in Ilford on 9 September 2017.
Police believe she may have boarded the No 5 bus at 10.14pm from Wood Lane in Dagenham the next day – on 10 September 2017.
Since then, police have not been able to trace her.
In a statement, her daughters, said: “It has now been more than seven years without our mother. We have grown up without her and miss her every day.
“She always brings support and love for anyone who needs it, even strangers and she always tries to cheer people up.
“We appeal to the public for anyone to come forward if they know anything about her or her whereabouts.
“We also appeal to her directly, please return home to us.”
Image: Stefana Otilia Malinici was 37 years old at the time of her disappearance. Pic: Met Police
Otilia, who is Romanian, is classed as vulnerable and in the intervening years has not made contact with her husband or children.
She was last seen wearing a black top with a large light coloured motif, dark tight jeans or leggings tucked into flat dark, mid-calf length boots, and a dark coloured three-quarter length fitted jacket. She also had reddish hair in a bob style at the time.
Detective Chief Inspector Kam Sodhi, from the Metropolitan Police’s east area public protection unit, said: “It is now more than seven years since Otilia was reported missing and we are continuing our work to find out where she is.
“While there is no evidence to suggest that Otilia has come to physical harm, we cannot rule this out.
“Her family here in the UK and in Romania are still carrying on their daily lives without knowing where their loved one is.
“Her daughters have grown up without their mother, so we urge anyone who may know Otilia, or where she is, to come forward without further delay.
“We ask anyone who has provided shelter or support to Otilia to also please contact police. Even if this was not recently, we want to hear from you.”