The papal conclave is beginning, where 133 cardinal electors are tasked with choosing the new leader of the Catholic Church.
The successful candidate will need to secure two-thirds of the votes, with cardinals not able to emerge from the Vatican – which is sealed off from outside influences – until a new pope has been chosen.
Predicting the next pontiff is extremely difficult. Pope Francis himself was not supposed to be pope – and did not want to be, as he revealed after being elected.
Vatican watchers currently forecast this conclave will be more unpredictable than ever. The role could be handed back to an Italian, the first since John Paul I nearly 50 years ago. Or, for the first time in history, the next pontiff could be from Africa or Asia.
The question remains if the next pope will be more progressive on matters like LGBTQ+, women in the church and war, which is how Francis led, or more conservative, as was Francis’s predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.
Here are some of the main contenders who could be voted to replace Pope Francis.
Pietro Parolin, 70 Nationality: Italian
Image: Pic: Reuters
If the next pontiff is Italian, Pietro Parolin,the Vatican’s secretary of state, is widely considered the frontrunner.
The secretary of state is considered the pope’s second in command, with the role often referred to as the “deputy pope”.
Cardinal Parolin has been in the role since 2013 and has since become a well-known and powerful figure at the Vatican.
In 2018 he brokered a landmark deal with Beijing which allowed both the government and church to jointly appoint bishops – a highly controversial move – and also played a part in the Holy See regaining relations with communist Vietnam.
A softly spoken man, Cardinal Parolin is thought to be moremoderate in his beliefs. In the past he has defended the Vatican’s power over local church leaders, saying they cannot make decisions that would end up affecting all Catholics.
He has also condemned the legalisation of same-sex marriage in many countries as “a defeat for humanity” and criticised efforts in Germany to bless same-sex unions.
Cardinal Zuppi, currently the archbishop of Bologna, is another likely candidate, and is seen as one of the most progressive in the upcoming conclave.
Born and bred in Rome, Cardinal Zuppi had a close relationship with Pope Francis, and is sometimes referred to as “Italian Bergoglio”, meaning the Italian version of the late pope who was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio.
Also similar to Francis, Cardinal Zuppi was known as a “street priest” who focuses on migrants and the poor, caring little about pomp and protocol. He goes by the preferred name of Father Matteo, and in Bologna sometimes uses a bicycle rather than an official car.
Image: Cardinals attending mass on the fifth of nine days of mourning for Pope Francis. Pic: Reuters
He was appointed by Francis as the papal envoy for the Russia-Ukraine conflict, concentrating on efforts to repatriate (send back) children who Ukraine says have been deported to Russia or Russian-held territories.
On LGBTQ+ issues, he wrote the introduction of the Italian version of Building a Bridge, a book by American Jesuit Rev James Martin that focuses on the church’s need to improve its outreach to the LGBTQ+ community.
On paper, Cardinal Tagle, often referred to as the “Asian Francis”, seems to have all the boxes ticked to qualify him to be a pope. If elected he would be the first pontiff from Asia.
He has decades of pastoral and administrative experience, working as bishop of Imus and then as archbishop of Manila before being made cardinal by Benedict in 2012. He is thought to be more progressive in his beliefs.
Cardinal Tagle also headed the Vatican’s Caritas Internationalis – a confederation of more than 160 Catholic relief, social service, and development organisations around the world – between 2015 and 2022 before coming to Rome permanently.
However, his tenure at Caritas was not without controversy, and some have questioned his management skills.
In 2022, Francis ousted the entirety of the Caritas management, including demoting Tagle. The Holy See said an outside investigation had found “real deficiencies” in management that had affected staff morale.
Cardinal Besungu is one of Africa’s most outspoken Catholic leaders and a more conservative candidate.
He is currently archbishop of Kinshasa – the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo – the archdiocese which has the largest number of Catholics on the continent. If elected, he would be the first pontiff from Africa.
Across the continent, he is seen as deeply committed to Catholic orthodoxy.
Last year, he signed a statement on behalf of the bishops conferences of Africa and Madagascar, refusing to follow Pope Francis’s declaration allowing priests to offer blessings to same-sex couples.
However, he has promoted interfaith tolerance, an important factor on a continent where religious divisions between Christians and Muslims are common.
Peter Erdo, 72 Nationality: Hungarian
Image: Pic: Reuters
Known by his peers as a serious theologian, scholar and educator, Cardinal Erdo is a leading contender among conservatives.
He has served as the archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest in Hungary since 2002 and was made a cardinal by John Paul II the following year. He participated in two conclaves, in 2005 and 2013, for the selection of Benedict and Francis.
Despite being a conservative, he is also seen to be pragmatic and never clashed openly with Francis, unlike other tradition-minded clerics.
However, he did go against Pope Francis’s call for churches to take in refugees, saying this would amount to human trafficking, a move that seemingly aligned himself with Hungary’s nationalist Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
He speaks Italian, German, French, Spanish and Russian, which could possibly help him thaw relations between the Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches after divisions emerged after the outbreak of the Ukraine war.
Cardinal Erdo opposes same-sex unions and has also rejected suggestions that Catholics who remarry after getting divorced should be able to receive communion.
Pierbattista Pizzaballa, 60 Nationality: Italian
Image: Pic: Reuters
Cardinal Pizzaballa is the current head of the Vatican’s Latin office in Jerusalem and has spent more than three decades in the city.
He has devoted himself to the Middle East and most recently the conflict between Israel and Hamas.
In October 2023, he offered himself in an exchange for the return of kidnapped Israeli children, and last Christmas celebrated mass at the Holy Family Church in Gaza.
After Donald Trump proposed the US take over the Gaza Strip, Cardinal Pizzaballa’s office released a statement opposing the plan, saying the people who live in Gaza must “not be forced into exile”.
He is thought to be a more moderate candidate, but his precise views on other issues remain unknown.
At the age of 60 he is also one of the youngest frontrunners, making him less likely to be selected.
Age may be a big factor in determining the next pope, with many electors favouring older candidates so they do not have one leader in the role for an extensive period of time.
Peter Turkson, 76 Nationality: Ghanaian
Image: Pic: Reuters
Cardinal Turkson combines a long pastoral background of tending to congregations in Ghana with hands-on experience of leading several Vatican offices.
He made history as the first cardinal of the West African state – a region where the Catholic Church is rapidly growing.
As head of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace – the Vatican body that promotes social justice, human rights and world peace – he was one of Benedict’s closest advisors on issues such as climate change and drew much attention by attending conferences such as the World Economic Forum.
Like many cardinals from Africa, he leans towards conservative beliefs, however, he has opposed the criminalisation of gay relationships in African countries including his native Ghana.
The most common papal names
Jean-Marc Aveline, 66 Nationality: French
Image: Pic: Vatican Media
Cardinal Aveline is known for his easy-going nature, his readiness to crack jokes and his ideological proximity to Pope Francis, especially on immigration and the church’s relations with Islamic leaders.
He is also a serious intellectual, with a doctorate in theology and a degree in philosophy and is believed to be a more progressive candidate.
If he became pope he would be the first French pontiff since the 14th century.
One drawback for Aveline is that he understands but does not speak Italian, which could be seen as a major limitation for a job that also carries the title Bishop of Rome and requires a lot of familiarity with Roman heritage.
Anders Arborelius, 75 Nationality: Swedish
Image: Pic: Reuters
Cardinal Arborelius, who is currently the bishop of Stockholm, is also a contender for the papacy.
He converted to Catholicism at the age of 20 in a Scandinavian country with an overwhelmingly Protestant population and one of the most secularised societies in the world.
Thought to be a more moderate candidate, he is a staunch defender of church doctrine, particularly against allowing women to be deacons or to bless same-sex couples.
However, like Pope Francis, he favours welcoming immigrants into Europe.
Joseph Tobin, 72 Nationality: American
Image: Pic: Reuters
Although it is unlikely that the conclave will elect an American pope, if they were to, Cardinal Tobin is the most likely candidate.
As archbishop of Newark, he received praise for his handling of a scandal that saw former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick removed from the priesthood after being found guilty of sexual misconduct against children and adults.
Due to his openness toward the LGBTQ+ community, he is thought to be more progressive in his beliefs. In 2017 he wrote that “in too many parts of our church LGBT people have been made to feel unwelcome, excluded, and even shamed”.
Away from the church he is known for his weightlifting workouts.
Jose Tolentino de Mendonca, 59 Nationality: Portuguese
Image: Pic: Reuters
Cardinal Mendonca, who is the head of the Vatican’s office for culture and education, is another possible candidate.
Known as a biblical scholar and an educator, he was very close to Pope Francis and would be a progressive candidate in the conclave.
At 59 he is one of the youngest members of the College of Cardinals and despite holding numerous positions of authority, may lack administrative skills required for the pontiff role.
Cristobal Lopez Romero, 72 Nationality: Spanish
Image: Pic: Reuters
Cardinal Romero, the current archbishop of Rabat in Morocco, has dedicated himself to the wellbeing of migrants and dialogue with the Muslim faith.
He is a strong advocate for interfaith dialogue, an indicator he may be a more progressive candidate, and considers migration to be the “consequence of many problems” including poverty, war, famine and climate change.
Reporting by Lauren Russell, news reporter and newsgathering by Simone Baglivo, Europe producer and Hanna Schnitzer, specialist producer.
A manhunt for those responsible is currently ongoing, with police facing a “race against time” to retrieve the jewels before they are dismantled.
Here’s all you need to know.
How the heist unfolded
The heist took place at roughly 9.30am (8.30am UK time), half an hour after the Louvre had opened its doors to the public.
The thieves used a crane that was mounted on the back of a small truck to smash an upstairs window and enter the Galerie d’Apollon.
Image: Police officers work by a crane believed to have been used by thieves. Pic: AP
This is an enormous room on the upper floor of the Petite Galerie, which houses the French Crown Jewels as well as the royal collection of hardstone vessels, paintings, tapestries and medallions, the museum’s website says.
The thieves smashed two display cases and fled on motorbikes. No-one was hurt in the incident.
Guards were alerted to the scene by alarms that went off when the cases were smashed, but the thieves had already left.
It is not clear if the gang brought any or all of the equipment they used with them, as construction work is taking place along the River Seine side of the building where the break-in occurred.
The entire theft took between six and seven minutes.
What was stolen?
A total of nine objects were targeted in the heist, and eight were actually stolen. The thieves dropped the ninth one, the crown of Napoleon III’s wife, Empress Eugenie, during their escape.
Officials have described the stolen items as having “inestimable” historical value.
The following pieces remain missing:
What will happen to the jewellery?
Art detective Arthur Brand described the heist as “the theft of the decade” – adding that in order to recover the “priceless” items, police will need to find the culprits within the week.
“These crown jewels are so famous, you just cannot sell them,” Mr Brand told Sky News. “The only thing they can do is melt the silver and gold down, dismantle the diamonds, try to cut them. That’s the way they will probably disappear forever.”
He continued: “They [the police] have a week. If they catch the thieves, the stuff might still be there. If it takes longer, the loot is probably gone and dismantled. It’s a race against time.”
Image: The tiara (top), necklace (middle) and one earring were taken from the Queen Marie Amelie sapphire set. Pic: Louvre
Tobias Kormind, managing director of Mayfair-based 77 Diamonds, agreed, saying it is “unlikely” the jewels will ever be seen again.
“Professional crews often break down and re-cut large, recognizable stones to evade detection, effectively erasing their provenance,” he said.
Image: Emerald necklace and earrings from the parure of Empress Marie-Louise. Pic: The Louvre
Authorities have said forensic teams are currently reviewing CCTV from the Denon wing and the riverfront of the museum, inspecting the crane used to reach the gallery and interviewing staff who were on site when the museum opened.
Who was behind the heist?
According to French media, there were four perpetrators: two dressed as construction workers in yellow safety vests on the lift, and two others who had a scooter each.
French authorities have not confirmed these details; however, one yellow vest has been recovered from the scene.
Culture Minister Rachida Dati told French news outlet TF1 that footage of the theft showed the masked robbers entering “calmly” and smashing display cases containing the jewels. No one was injured in the incident.
Image: A window believed to have been used in the robbery. Pic: Reuters
She described the thieves as seemingly being “experienced” with a well-prepared plan.
Paris Prosecutor Laure Beccuau told BFM TV that the robbers were unarmed but threatened guards with angle grinders.
The group also tried and failed to set fire to the crane they used to enter the Louvre.
A key question that remains is whether the robbers had inside assistance, authorities said.
French interior minister Laurent Nunez said the specialised police unit, which has a high success rate in cracking high-profile robberies, is leading the investigation.
Ms Beccuau added that investigators were keeping all leads open, but authorities were “looking at the hypothesis of organised crime”.
She said the thieves could have been working for a buyer, or seeking to get access to jewels that can be useful to launder criminal proceeds.
Questions over security
Big questions are now being asked about the security in place at the Louvre, and how effective it is.
Earlier this year, officials at the Louvre requested urgent help from the French government to restore and renovate the museum’s ageing exhibition halls and better protect its countless works of art.
Image: Police officers near the pyramid of the Louvre museum. Pic: Reuters
French justice minister Gerard Darmanin said on Monday that the heist gave a very negative image of France as it implied a failure of security services.
“There are many museums in Paris, many museums in France, with priceless values in these museums,” Mr Darmanin said in an interview with French radio station France Inter.
“What is certain is that we failed,” he said, adding the police will eventually arrest the authors.”
French President Emmanuel Macron said in a post on X that everything was being done to recover the stolen jewellery and bring the perpetrators to justice.
While culture minister Rachida Dati said the issue of museum security was not new.
“For 40 years, there was little focus on securing these major museums, and two years ago, the president of the Louvre requested a security audit from the police prefect. Why? Because museums must adapt to new forms of crime,” she said.
A football derby in Tel Aviv between Hapoel and Maccabi has been cancelled after “violent riots”, according to Israeli police.
Nine people were arrested on Sunday night at Bloomfield Stadium, a venue shared by both clubs. Hapoel were the home team for the game.
A statement from Israeli police said the game was called off “following disturbances and violent riots” in which 13 civilians and three officers were injured by pyrotechnic devices.
“These are very serious incidents that posed a real danger to the lives of police officers and civilians,” the statement added.
But Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club released a statement with a very different perspective on policing at the match.
“From the preliminary discussions prior to the match, it appears that the police were preparing for war rather than a sporting event,” a spokesperson said.
Image: Outside the stadium, mounted police attempt to control crowds. Pic: Israeli police
Image: Footage released by Israeli police shows a flare or firework landing near officers. Pic: Israeli police
They added: “Most of the injuries from the event were caused by brutal police violence at the end of the game, as a direct result of the scandalous decision to cancel the event.
“Everyone saw the disturbing videos of children being trampled by horses and police officers indiscriminately beating fans.”
Israeli police have not yet responded to the allegations from Hapoel.
A Maccabi statement read: “Following the police’s decision, it was determined that the Tel Aviv derby will not take place tonight.”
Footage shared by the police shows projectiles and flares being thrown on to the pitch, as well as unrest outside the stadium and arrests being made.
Image: What looked like smoke canisters were seized by officers. Pic: Israeli police
Maccabi ban criticised
On Thursday, Maccabi supporters were told they are not allowed to attend November’s Europa League game against Aston Villa in Birmingham next month after a decision by Birmingham’s Safety Advisory Group (SAG).
The group – made up of local stakeholders, including representatives from the council, police and event organisers – said the decision was due to a high risk of violence based on “current intelligence and previous incidents”.
He insisted Aston in Birmingham cannot become a “no-go area” for Jews.
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Aston ‘can’t be no-go area for Jews’
The energy secretary also said that he “profoundly” disagrees with the “approach” taken by a local MP who started a petition calling for fans of Maccabi Tel Aviv to be banned from the Aston Villa game.
The petition states: “Their arrival in Aston – a diverse and predominantly Muslim community – poses a real risk of tensions within the community and disorder.”
Mr Miliband pushed back on that point. He said the “vast majority of Muslim people in this country would disassociate themselves” from suggestions that Maccabi Tel Aviv fans could not come to Aston Villa because it was a predominantly Muslim area.
His Tory counterpart, Claire Coutinho, was also highly critical of the petition, telling Phillips: “I think politicians need to have the courage to name some of the problems that this country is facing. And one of those problems is political Islam.”
The independent MP for Birmingham Perry Barr, Ayoub Khan, criticised those comments.
“I utterly reject the false and inflammatory characterisations… regarding my recent petition,” he said in a statement.
“The petition I launched reflected genuine and widespread concern from my constituents about public safety and community cohesion. It did not call for anyone to be ‘banned because they are Jewish’ nor did it single out any faith or ethnicity.
“To distort this into an issue of religion or antisemitism is deeply irresponsible and frankly dangerous. I have consistently condemned all forms of hatred – including antisemitism and Islamophobia – and I will continue to do so.”
The government is expecting West Midlands Police to set out early next week what they would need to police the game safely with both sets of fans present.
A cargo plane has skidded off the runway into the sea while landing at Hong Kong International Airport, killing two people on the ground.
Images taken after the crash which happened around 3.50am (8.50pm UK time) showed a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft partially submerged in water near the airport’s sea wall.
The AirACT plane, travelling from Dubai, could be seen with escape slides deployed and the nose and tail sections separated. Four crew on board survived.
Image: The nose and tail sections separated after the crash. Pic: Reuters
Image: Escape slides were deployed and all four crew survived. Pic: Reuters
Image: Rescue teams circle the partially submerged green tail of the aircraft. Pic: AP
Two security staff were killed when the aircraft struck their vehicle, shunting it into the sea, said Steven Yiu, executive director of airport operations at Airport Authority Hong Kong.
At a news conference, he told reporters about the rescue operation.
“Four aircraft crew on board were quickly rescued by Fire Service Department [which] also rescued two security staff from the sea.
“One was certified dead at the hospital and the other certified dead at the scene.
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“We are deeply saddened and extend our deepest condolence. We will provide the family with all necessary support and assistance.”
Image: Steven Yiu from Airport Authority Hong Kong told reporters two security staff have been killed. Pic: AP
Image: Mr Yiu showed a map of the northern runway and the crash site. Pic: AP
He explained that the security vehicle was patrolling the north runway along a road that was outside the runway fence when it was struck.
The northern runway at the world’s busiest cargo airport is closed while the south and central runways are continuing to operate.
“According to information we have at that moment, weather and the runway condition were safe and met all conditions for runway operation. An investigation is continuing.” Mr Yiu added.
Emirates said in a statement that flight EK9788 sustained damage on landing in Hong Kong on Monday and was a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft wet-leased from and operated by ACT Airlines.
“Crew are confirmed to be safe and there was no cargo onboard,” the airline said.
Man Ka-chai, chief accident and safety investigator for Hong Kong’s Air Accident Investigation Authority, confirmed air traffic control had directed the flight to land at the north runway, but added: “We didn’t receive any message requesting help from the pilot.”
ACT Airlines is a Turkish carrier that provides extra cargo capacity to major airlines. It did not respond immediately to a request for comment outside normal business hours.
Flight tracking service FlightRadar24 said the aircraft involved in the accident was 32 years old and had served as a passenger plane before being converted into a freighter.
Hong Kong’s Civil Aviation Department said in a statement that the aircraft had “deviated from the north runway after landing and ditched into the sea”.
Airport Authority Hong Kong said the northern runway would reopen after safety inspections were complete.