Steve first spotted the eye-catching stickers while walking to the shops in Burton upon Trent. Plastered on bins and lamp posts, they featured a shiny, green cannabis leaf with a QR code and the words “get your delivery”.
The former prison officer, who is in his 50s, wanted to try the Class B drug as an alternative to prescribed opiates to ease his pain after breaking his back in three places.
He had only recently moved to the Staffordshire market town and was reluctant to buy off the street. “I didn’t want to just tap up some roadman,” he says.
Using his smartphone camera, he was taken to a slick, colourful site on the open web offering a wide range of cannabis products – from vapes and tinctures to pre-rolled joints, buds and gummies.
Just like legitimate online shops, it promised free delivery to arrive the next day and had glowing reviews on Google and Trustpilot.
Steve (not his real name) went on to order products including vapes and herbal cannabis.
“The first time I was shaking… when the postman came down the path – the package absolutely stank,” he says.
“It’s letterbox shaped so you don’t get a knock. The postman shoves it through your door and that’s it – job done.”
(Watch a video demonstration of how the QR codes work)
Similar stickers have been reported across the UK, from cities such as Birmingham, Glasgow and London, to smaller towns including Shrewsbury, in Shropshire, and Droitwich, in Worcestershire. There have also been sightings in South Wales.
Some have appeared near schools, universities and police stations.
Hidden gang network
A Sky News investigation has identified three different sticker designs, each of which directs users to separate, but linked, websites (which we are not naming), with their own branding.
Hidden in their source code is a long list of bank accounts and business names which are randomly selected when users make a purchase.
Image: One of the stickers on a litter bin
Using publicly available tools, we were able to build a network map of the businesses involved, the people behind them and how they are linked.
All are Lithuanian nationals, mostly registered to addresses in a small area of east London, one of which is linked to an alleged gangster found guilty of kidnap and torture in Lithuania.
Royal Mail tracking details also suggest the operation is based in this area as the packages passed through Romford’s mail centre.
An analysis of Bitcoin wallets – carried out by TRM Labs – shows one of the sites had received around $109,000 (£82,000) by mid-March, although the true income is likely to be far higher as more buyers use regular bank transfers than cryptocurrency.
When we visited a woman who owns two of the houses associated with the bank accounts, she said she had never heard of the website and had no idea a criminal enterprise may be being run from her properties.
She also said three Lithuanian nationals we identified as being connected with the site had left the UK.
Image: Former NCA head of drugs Tony Saggers says it shows the ‘evolution of online drug markets’
Former head of drugs threat and intelligence for the National Crime Agency (NCA), Tony Saggers, says the scale of the operation suggests those behind it have access to wholesale quantities of cannabis, which has probably been grown in the UK.
It also demonstrates the “evolution of online drug markets” from the dark web to open websites, “making them more accessible to the wider population”, he tells Sky News.
Ben (not his real name), a student in his early 20s, scanned a QR code sticker out of “genuine curiosity” after spotting it on a telecoms cabinet near the University of York.
He’d never bought or used drugs before but says he “had a moment of free will and the risk of losing money was minimal so I tried it”.
“Perhaps it’s something to do with the website, it’s like you are buying a professional regulated product so that made me worry less.”
A £10 pre-rolled joint arrived by Royal Mail first class post in “branded packaging and looked clean and professional”.
However, he says he didn’t enjoy smoking it and for his “mental health” hasn’t bought any more.
Image: A £10 pre-rolled joint arrived by first-class post
‘Russian roulette’
Dr Simon Erridge, research director at Curaleaf Clinic, where specialist doctors can legally prescribe medical cannabis, says people like Steve and Ben are playing “Russian roulette”.
The clinic has run a campaign using its own QR code stickers, which direct people to results from its study with Manchester Metropolitan University.
It found 90% of 60 illegal cannabis samples seized by the Greater Manchester and Northumbria police forces were contaminated with mould, yeast, lead, E.coli or salmonella.
An analysis of WEDINOS data, a service that tests drugs sent in by users, found 43% of the 1,635 samples bought as cannabis contained no compounds naturally derived from the plant.
Some 38% contained harmful substances, with 27% containing synthetic chemicals such as spice, a drug which is popular in prisons and that can cause dangerous side effects including cardiac arrest.
The clinic’s research also shows consumer habits are changing.
A survey of 500 cannabis users last year found that while street dealers are still the most common source (45%), just above friends and family (44%), more people are buying online.
Image: A clinic is running its own QR campaign to inform people about the risks. Pic: CuraLeaf Clinic/Third City PR
Some 7% said they had engaged with QR codes, while the use of websites offering illegal cannabis products almost doubled from 6% in 2022 to around one in ten (11%) in 2024.
The trend is even more pronounced among young adults, with 15% of 18-24-year-olds buying cannabis online.
Sarah (not her real name), a professional in her 40s, says “buying on the streets isn’t an option for me”. She has bought fake cannabis vapes through Instagram in the past.
But she says tests confirmed THC was present in a vape she bought through one of the websites.
It’s illegal to possess and sell products containing THC without a prescription, but Sarah says she’s more worried about losing money if the package gets intercepted.
“I don’t think the police would do much anyway,” she says.
What are police doing about it?
Supply can carry a maximum 14-year prison sentence, with five years for possession, although those caught with a small amount of cannabis are often dealt with by way of a warning or on-the-spot fine.
Police are aware QR code stickers are being used to sell drugs and see it as part of the evolution of how criminals have adopted technology.
They believe they could be used as evidence in future prosecutions, although none of the forces we contacted, where the issue has been reported, were able to point to any arrests.
Derbyshire Police says officers are on the look-out for stickers and will remove them when out on patrol but have not yet been able to identify the people responsible.
Detective Constable Matt Pedrick, from West Mercia Police, another area where the stickers have been reported, says any website advertising the sale of cannabis “is probably based outside the UK”.
“We remove the stickers when we find them, and would advise anyone to steer clear of these websites and to remember that drugs laws apply to all drugs regardless of where they are purchased.”
Police also believe the stickers aren’t just a matter for their officers and want councils, businesses and transport companies to remove them – and for postal services to ensure they’re not inadvertently helping supply drugs.
Ex-NCA officer Tony Saggers says the brazen nature of the operation suggests those behind it are “laughing in the face of law enforcement” but doesn’t think it represents decriminalisation by the back door.
He says the combination of an online marketplace and a drug that’s a lower priority for police “make it easier for some people to get away with that for periods of time”.
“But I wouldn’t ever suggest that they’re always going to get away with it because people’s time does come round,” he says.
“And if a site that’s doing well and selling high volumes and increasingly high volumes continues to be successful, they’re more likely to attract attention.”
We contacted the NCA about our findings.
“Many organised crime groups selling drugs use social media and communication platforms to promote and sell their illicit produce,” it said in a statement.
“The NCA is working with partners across law enforcement and government to tackle drug trafficking.”
It suggested we contact the Metropolitan Police and Ofcom, which regulates the postal service.
The Met pointed us to the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) because “the website covers the UK”, but the NPCC would not provide a comment on the record.
Nearly 500 people have been arrested over protests supporting the proscribed group Palestine Action, as demonstrators defied calls to reconsider in the wake of the Manchester synagogue terror attack.
Two days after the attack in Crumpsall, crowds of people gathered in central London on Saturday to call on the government to reverse the ban on the proscribed group.
Organisers of the protest, Defend Our Juries, said 1,000 people attended the event to “oppose genocide and the Palestine Action ban”.
The Metropolitan Police said 492 people had been arrested, with the youngest being 18 and the eldest 89. The force said 297 remain in custody and the rest have been bailed.
Before the demonstration even began, six people were arrested for unfurling banners which read “I oppose genocide” and “I support Palestine Action” on Westminster Bridge.
The bulk of the arrests were made in Trafalgar Square, where protesters held placards showing their support for Palestine Action, which was added to the UK’s list of proscribed terrorist groups in July.
The Met said a different group of protesters also gathered in Whitehall before trying to make their way to Trafalgar Square.
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1:42
Met Police call on pro-Palestine protesters
Many of those arrested throughout the day were older individuals. Pictures showed people with walking sticks or in wheelchairs being supported by police, while others were physically carried to a processing pen after failing to cooperate with officers.
One protester, 62-year-old Mike Higgins, who is blind and uses a wheelchair, told the PA news agency: “We are going to win this battle, by the way, there’s no doubt about that. The problem for me is that I want to win it now to try and bring an end to the suffering in Palestine.”
Image: Police remove a protester taking part in a demonstration in support of Palestine Action in Trafalgar Square. Pic: PA
Image: Pic: PA
The Metropolitan Police had urged the Defend Our Juries group to postpone the event in light of the synagogue attack.
Chief of the Metropolitan Police, Sir Mark Rowley, said he was worried resources would be stretched and the ability of the force to protect communities would be compromised as a result of the protest.
Image: Protesters unfurl a banner on Westminster Bridge. Pic: PA
Image: Pic: PA
In a statement on X on Saturday morning, Sir Keir Starmer also said anyone thinking of protesting should “recognise and respect the grief of British Jews”, while Jewish figures called the action “phenomenally tone deaf”.
In a letter to Ade Adelekan, the deputy assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Defend Our Juries said the protest would continue as planned as “the protection of our democracy and the prevention of countless deaths are critical issues”.
The controversial decision drew criticism from policing minister Sarah Jones, who said many of those attending the event “want to be arrested, that is their aim”.
She said: “We believe in people’s rights to protest. This protest here in London is a different order of event because people are supporting a proscribed organisation and the police have to step in, in that case.”
Image: Pic: PA
A similar event held by the group, Greater Manchester Friends of Palestine, took place earlier on Saturday in Manchester. Instead of marching in support of Palestine Action, the event was to “honour the names of Palestinian children brutally killed by Israel in Gaza”.
A crowd of around 100 pro-Palestinian supporters gathered outside the city’s Cathedral to listen to speakers before moving en masse to St Peter’s Square.
Image: A similar event was held in Greater Manchester. Pic: Reuters
Image: A counter-protester in Manchester. Pic: Reuters
People were heard chanting “Free Palestine!” while a small group of counter-protesters marched in front shouting “release the hostages”.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) did not say if any arrests were made.
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1:31
Synagogue attack: Burnham and Badenoch in Manchester
Away from the protests, GMP said four of the six people arrested in connection to the synagogue terror attack will remain in custody for up to another five days.
The force said the custody extension applies to two men, aged 30 and 32, and two women, aged 61 and 46.
An 18-year-old woman and a 43-year-old man have been released and will face no further action.
GMP said all six people had been arrested on suspicion of commission, preparation and instigation of acts of terrorism.
Police have been granted extra time to question four people who were arrested in connection with the terrorist attack on a synagogue in Manchester.
Three men remain in hospital after the car and knife attack at the Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation Synagogue on Thursday.
Jihad al Shamie, 35, who was on bail for an alleged rape, was shot by police as he launched the attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar.
Adrian Daulby, 53, is believed to have been shot dead by police while trying to stop al Shamie from entering the synagogue.
He died alongside Melvin Cravitz, 66, a worshipper who helped prevent the attacker from entering the place of worship.
Image: Pic: PA
Counter Terrorism Policing North West (CTPNW) is leading the police operation and has been granted warrants allowing them to detain four people who were arrested on suspicion of preparing terrorist acts for a further five days.
The warrants relate to two men, aged 30 and 32, and two women, aged 46 and 61.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) said the investigation was “continuing at pace” with “significant resources” mobilised in order to “establish the full picture into what has happened”.
The force said three men remain in hospital with serious injuries, including a security guard with car-impact injuries and a Community Security Trust (CST) worker with stab wounds.
On Friday, the police watchdog, which is investigating the incident, said it was examining the use of lethal force by GMP firearms officers, including “whether police may have caused or contributed to the death” of Mr Daulby.
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2:46
Arrests at pro-Palestine protest
Nearly 500 arrested as pro-Palestine protest goes ahead despite pleas
It comes as 492 people were arrested over protests supporting the proscribed group Palestine Action in Trafalgar Square on Saturday.
The demonstration went ahead despite Sir Keir Starmer, other politicians and police bosses calling on organisers to reconsider.
The Board of Deputies of British Jews called for those who attended the demonstration arrested under the Terrorism Act to also be investigated for stirring up racial hatred.
The board is set to hold an event in the same location on Sunday afternoon to reflect on the two-year anniversary of the 7 October Hamas attack.
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Met Police call on pro-Palestine protesters
On Friday, the head of counter-terrorism policing, Laurence Taylor, said a “suspicious device” attached to al Shamie’s torso was fake and police believed he “may have been influenced by extreme Islamist ideology”.
He added: “Based on some fast-time assessments conducted on our systems, this individual does not appear to be known to counter-terrorism policing, however, he does have a non-CT (counter-terror) related criminal history.
“This includes a recent arrest for rape, which resulted in him being bailed.”
A close adviser to Prince William has told Sky News William “does care deeply about tradition” but his Earthshot Prize shows he’s not afraid to modernise to make sure his work “makes sense” for the generation he will serve.
Marking a month to go until the fifth Earthshot Prize awards takes place in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Jason Knauf, the new chief executive, says it shows “the sort of leader that Prince William wants to be, both now and in the future” but also the huge impact his influence can have on issues like the climate crisis.
Mr Knauf has become a close confidante of the Prince, having worked with him for ten years, and being there right at the beginning of the Earthshot journey, “when this thing was percolating, and he really pushed us to make it something special”.
But after discussions this week about the “change” William wants to make when he’s monarch, Mr Knauf told us the Prince doesn’t want to just shake things up for the sake of it.
“He does care deeply about tradition, about his family’s legacy of service, and I think Earthshot is a really good example of how you’re going to see that maintained in the future, but done in a way that makes sense for the time”, he said, adding: “That’s what his grandmother did.
“That’s what his father’s been doing. Updating the tradition for the generation that they serve”.
Image: Prince William joined actor Cate Blanchett during a visit to Earthshot Prize finalist Colorifix. Pic: Andrew Parsons / Kensington Palace
Explaining how in the early days they looked closely at other examples of past royal prizes or initiatives, such as the Duke of Edinburgh Award, for inspiration, Mr Knauf said: “You know, we didn’t just create this thing in a vacuum. It was about what kind of difference could his leadership make?
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“And one of the things about the royal family for generations, has been recognising the work of others.
“You know, whether that’s through the honours system, recognising people in arts and community service or whatever it might be, all this is doing is taking something that’s really traditional and putting a modern twist on it”.
Image: Pic: AP
Last week, a TV programme was released in which Prince William admitted, during an interview with Hollywood star Eugene Levy, that “change is on my agenda” when he becomes King.
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Prince William hinted at ‘change’ in an interview with Canadian TV presenter Euguene Levy
This weekend, the finalists for the fifth Earthshot awards are announced, with four weeks to go until the ceremony takes place in Rio.
The prize recognises innovators coming up with solutions to the world’s most pressing environmental problems.
Among this year’s finalists in the running for the five £1m prizes are Matter, a British company whose simple washing machine filters remove the greatest cause of microplastics in our ocean; the world’s first fully ‘upcycled skyscraper’ in Australia, a Chinese company working on mobile phone waste, and the country of Barbados for its environmental focus.
For the first time, the awards will take place in the same country, in the same week as the UN climate change conference COP30.
Image: Prince William is the founder and president of The Earthshot Prize. Pic AP
Addressing whether the positive message of Earthshot will be overshadowed by the inevitable split opinions on tackling the climate crisis that will come out of the conference in Belem, Mr Knauf said: “The news around political disagreement and all of that stuff will be out there, but that’s one of the reasons we created the prize, directly to challenge that pessimism and negativity, to say we need to get on with this work.
“Showing world leaders that big things are happening in their regions and in their countries and in their backyards should remind them that, actually, this isn’t something that’s theoretical.
“The actual solutions that we need really, really do exist”.
Prince William will travel to Brazil on 3 November for engagements in Rio, highlighting environmental issues, as well as attending the awards on 5 November at the iconic Museum of Tomorrow.
In a video posted on his social media, the Prince explains how he continues to do this for his children, saying: “The Earthshot Prize was founded because this decade matters.
“2030 is a threshold by which future generations will judge us; it is the point at which our actions, or lack of them, will have shaped forever the trajectory of our planet.”