The contest takes place less than a year before the Scottish parliament election, with the result potentially offering a snapshot of how the political landscape north of the border will look in 2026.
Campaigning has been heated, with Reform UK accused of running a “racist” ad on Facebook against Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar.
Reform UK leader Nigel Farage has continued to double down, accusing his rival of “sectarian politics”.
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In response, the Scottish Labour MSP has branded Mr Farage a “poisonous little man” and “chief clown”, while SNP leader and First Minister John Swinney said: “He poses a threat to our values and must be stopped.”
But who will come out on top following Thursday’s vote?
Here are the candidates vying for support:
Collette Bradley, Scottish Socialist Party
Image: Collette Bradley, Scottish Socialist Party. Pic: Scottish Socialist Party
Scottish Socialist Party candidate Collette Bradley told Sky News that locals she has met while out campaigning have been angry about “poverty, inequality and Labour’s attacks on welfare, our NHS and services”.
She added: “They have little faith in Labour or the SNP delivering change.
“We’ve offered hope with our unique policy of a socialist MSP who’ll remain on the average worker’s wage, keeping us firmly in step with constituents’ living conditions – we alone reject the corrupting influence of the £75,000 MSP salary.
“We’re offering concrete socialist alternatives to the miserable status quo – redistribution of wealth from the millionaires to the millions via progressive taxation.”
Ms Bradley said the party stands for a society built around the “needs of people, not profit”.
She added: “Ordinary lives can be transformed with measures like a £15-an-hour minimum wage; free public transport; and investment in jobs, wages, quality council housing, NHS, education, welfare and pensions.
“We urge voters to reject the continued failure of the political mainstream and be bolder in their demands by voting Scottish Socialist.”
Andy Brady, Scottish Family Party
Image: Andy Brady, Scottish Family Party. Pic: Scottish Family Party
Candidate Andy Brady told Sky News that Scottish Family Party policies and principles are “built upon honesty, integrity and a passion to see real change in our nation”.
He said: “My time spent speaking to the locals over the past several weeks has revealed a common response – people are fed up being let down.”
Mr Brady said there had been “failed promises” to help local businesses, to repair the roads, and to bring life to the town centres and high streets.
He said: “The general feeling is that communities are feeling jaded and frustrated.”
Urging voters to back the Scottish Family Party, he added: “We value the families, businesses and the education of our local communities and if we can support them, communities will flourish.”
Ross Lambie, Reform UK
Image: Ross Lambie, Reform UK. Pic: Reform UK
South Lanarkshire councillor Ross Lambie is hoping to bring Reform UK’s “turquoise tide” to Scotland.
If Mr Farage’s party wins, it will put Scotland’s first minister on notice ahead of Holyrood 2026.
Mr Lambie, who defected from the Scottish Conservatives, told Sky News: “It’s been refreshing spending the past five or so weeks out on the doors in Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse.
“What’s been very clear is that people everywhere are fed up, angry and scunnered with the entire Scottish political establishment.
“They’re fed up with SNP, Tory and Labour lies and are looking for hope.
“Reform UK is offering people a chance of real and radical change by cutting tax, scrapping net zero, ending wokery and fighting for common sense.
“This is now a clear fight between the SNP and Reform – it’s that simple.”
Katy Loudon, Scottish National Party
Image: Katy Loudon, Scottish National Party. Pic: SNP
South Lanarkshire councillor Katy Loudon is hoping to retain the seat for the SNP.
The former teacher told Sky News she had been speaking to people across the region “about what matters to them”.
She said: “People understandably feel let down by Labour.”
Scottish Labour-run South Lanarkshire Council also intends to reduce its school transport provision, which Ms Loudon said will affect thousands of children.
Image: Ms Loudon and SNP leader John Swinney on the campaign trail in Hamilton. Pic: PA
She added: “The Labour Party has lost its way, Farage is on the rise as a result. With an invisible candidate, they’ve totally given up in this by-election.
“Meanwhile, the SNP is focusing on what matters to people and taking action to make things better – with record investment in our NHS, bringing back the winter fuel payment, scrapping peak rail fares and ending Labour’s two-child cap.
“Labour know they can’t win. Only the SNP can beat Farage on 5 June.”
Janice MacKay, UK Independence Party
Image: Janice MacKay, UK Independence Party. Pic: UKIP
UKIP candidate Janice MacKay told Sky News that her party would abolish the Scottish parliament if given the opportunity.
Speaking of “widespread disillusionment” amongst voters, she added: “UKIP offer something different.
“We wish to radically reduce the number of inadequate politicians in Scotland by abolishing altogether the Holyrood parliament.
“It is merely a glorified and expensive form of local authority. To that end, it is unnecessary.”
Ms MacKay believes the nation’s 32 local authorities should be given “strengthened powers”, with Westminster making the “main decisions” affecting the UK.
Ms MacKay added: “Were UKIP to win any seats in the Holyrood talking shop, we should donate 40% of our MSP salary to a Scottish veterans charity.”
Ann McGuinness, Scottish Green Party
Image: Ann McGuinness, Scottish Green Party. Pic: Scottish Green Party
Scottish Green Party candidate Ann McGuinness is the director of a charity which promotes rural connections and champions rural diversity.
The mother-of-two says her own lived experiences of poverty and disability provide her with “valuable insight” into the challenges faced by many whose voices are often unheard in the public discourse.
She has been described by her party as a “dedicated feminist and environmental justice campaigner”.
As well as promoting climate education, Ms McGuinness is also said to have a “strong track record of working across party lines to support women in politics”.
Ms McGuinness said: “Every vote for the Scottish Greens will be a positive vote for a fairer and greener Scotland and a brighter future for Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse.
“If we are to build a truly just and green future, we need to empower every town and village and ensure that no one is left behind.”
Aisha Mir, Scottish Liberal Democrats
Image: Aisha Mir, Scottish Liberal Democrats. Pic: Scottish Liberal Democrats
Scottish Liberal Democrats candidate Aisha Mir told Sky News she has entered politics to “get things done”.
She added: “For too many people, it feels like nothing works anymore.
“The SNP have failed Scotland for 18 years. The Conservatives are lurching to extremes. Labour are already letting people down. Reform have no real solutions.
“I want to be a hard-working local champion who will put your priorities first.”
Ms Mir said her party offers a vision of Scotland “that is back to its best”.
She added: “A Scotland where people can see a GP and an NHS dentist in good time. A Scotland that once again gives our children a world-class education.
“A Scotland with a growing economy and growing businesses, where the government looks after your money and works with our neighbours.
“Vote Scottish Liberal Democrats for a candidate who is focused on what really matters to you.”
Richard Nelson, Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party
Image: Richard Nelson, Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party. Pic: Scottish Conservatives
Scottish Conservatives candidate Richard Nelson told Sky News he got into politics “to make a difference”.
The South Lanarkshire councillor and NHS worker said: “People across this constituency want politicians to be focused on what really matters to them rather than left-wing politicians focusing on their fringe obsessions.”
Image: Mr Nelson with Scottish Tory leader Russell Findlay. Pic: Scottish Conservatives
Mr Nelson said he has seen “first-hand as an NHS employee the damage the SNP have done to the health service during their 18 years in power”.
He added: “My wife disgracefully had to spend 50 hours on a trolley in A&E recently due to the SNP’s neglect of frontline care.
“If people in Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse want to have an MSP who will stand up for those who just want politicians to show some common sense for a change, then you should vote for myself and the Scottish Conservatives on Thursday.”
Davy Russell, Scottish Labour Party
Image: Davy Russell, Scottish Labour Party. Pic: Scottish Labour Party
Scottish Labour candidate Davy Russell told Sky News he has seen “first-hand the damage the SNP has done” to the community after almost two decades in power.
He said: “Throughout this campaign, I have been speaking to people who are feeling abandoned by this SNP government.
“People are languishing on long NHS waiting lists, worried about the state of our schools, and sick of seeing our high streets decline – but this is not as good as it gets.
“The SNP don’t deserve to win here, and the divisive politics of Reform cannot win. This by-election is a straight choice between more of the same SNP failure or a new direction with Scottish Labour.”
Image: Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar, left, with Mr Russell. Pic: PA
Mr Russell vowed to “fight tirelessly for the community I love” if he wins.
He added: “I will stand firmly against the downgrading of the Wishaw Neonatal Unit, campaign for an end to SNP cuts to our local services, and demand real action to tackle the crisis in our NHS.
“This is a chance to not only select a local champion for Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse, but to begin to chart a new direction for the whole of Scotland.”
Marc Wilkinson, Independent
Image: Marc Wilkinson, Independent. Pic: Marc Wilkinson
Marc Wilkinson, a pizza shop owner from the Scottish capital, is the leader of the Edinburgh People party.
The businessman is also behind the South Scotland People party, which is part of a bid to establish regional parties across the nation for the Holyrood list vote next year.
Mr Wilkinson’s aim is for “the people of Scotland to choose to vote for themselves”.
Pledging to take instruction directly from the constituents if he were to win the upcoming by-election, he added: “Elect me and you will be my boss. Don’t choose protest. Choose progress.”
The chief inspector of prisons has said the recent spate of prisoners being released too early is “a symptom of a system that is close to breaking point”.
Charlie Taylor’s assessment comes as it is revealed that two prisoners wrongly released last year are still at large, as are two others believed to have been freed in error in June this year.
Writing in The Daily Telegraph, Mr Taylor said the growing number of mistaken early releases was “embarrassing and potentially dangerous”.
He also put it down to “an overcomplicated sentencing framework” and described it as “a symptom of a system that is close to breaking point”.
Image: Sky’s Tom Parmenter confronts Brahim Kaddour-Cherifm, who was arrested on Friday after a police search following his release from HMP Wandsworth in south London last week
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He said prison inspections “repeatedly highlight the failure to keep prisons secure, safe and decent, and to provide the sort of activity that will help inmates get work on release”.
In his opinion piece, the chief inspector pointed to successive governments’ responses to the overcrowding crisis in the system, which put pressure on “junior prison staff who repeatedly had to recalculate every prisoner’s release date”.
These calculations, he wrote, had been made harder by a series of early-release schemes brought in by successive governments.
The changes, he said, “increase the likelihood of mistakes and in three years the number of releases in error has gone up from around 50 a year to 262”.
It comes as ministers face mounting pressure over a series of high-profile manhunts, with Justice Secretary David Lammy admitting on Friday there is a “mountain to climb” to tackle the crisis in the prison system.
Algerian sex offender Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, 24, was arrested on Friday after a police search following his release from HMP Wandsworth in south London last week, which Scotland Yard said officers only found out about on Tuesday.
It follows the mistaken release of Hadush Kebatu, who was convicted of sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl and a woman while living in an asylum hotel. The incidents sparked protests in Epping, Essex.
Prison security checks have been toughened and an independent investigation into mistaken releases launched after the now-deported Ethiopian national was accidentally freed from HMP Chelmsford on 24 October.
Image: Hadush Kebatu was convicted of sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl and another woman. Pic: Crown Prosecution Service/PA
A total of 262 inmates were mistakenly let out in the year to March 2025 – a 128% increase on the 115 in the previous 12 months, according to the latest official figures.
Of the total, 90 releases in error were of violent or sex offenders.
Kaddour-Cherif was serving a sentence for trespass with intent to steal, but had previously been convicted for indecent exposure.
He is understood to have overstayed his visitor’s visa to the UK after arriving in 2019, and was in the process of being deported.
Asked about the four missing prisoners on Friday, shadow justice secretary Robert Jenrick said: “The chaos continues. The government keeps putting the British people at risk and is relentlessly failing victims. Does anyone have confidence in David Lammy?”
Mr Lammy said on Friday: “We inherited a prison system in crisis, and I’m appalled at the rate of releases in error this is causing.
“I’m determined to grip this problem, but there is a mountain to climb which cannot be done overnight.
A Ministry of Justice spokesperson said releases in error “have been increasing for several years and are another symptom of a justice system crisis inherited by this government”.
In a statement on Saturday, the ministry said it has introduced “mandatory, stronger prisoner release checks to keep our streets safe and protect the public as well as investing record amounts into our courts – including to improve operational assurance.
“We’re also investing billions, reforming sentencing and building the prison places needed to keep the public safe.”
Faruk Fatih Özer was found dead in his prison cell on Nov. 1. The former CEO of now-defunct crypto exchange Thodex was serving an 11,000-year sentence for running one of the largest crypto scams in history.
His death marks the latest turn in the Thodex saga, with ripple effects so significant they altered Turkish cryptocurrency laws.
The initial details of Özer’s death point to suicide, but the investigation is still ongoing. It has once more brought Thodex back into the spotlight.
Here’s a look back at Özer’s story, how the crypto exchange impacted Turkish law and how it may have contributed to the country’s increased crypto adoption.
$2-billion Thodex scam sees raids, arrest and CEO out on the lam
On April 21, 2021, Thodex cryptocurrency exchange suddenly shut down trading and withdrawals. The initial announcement read that this could continue for four to five days. As Cointelegraph Turkey reported at the time, the exchange claimed that this was to improve its operations with the help of “world-renowned banks and funding companies.”
But local media reported that Özer had fled to Thailand with over $2 billion in funds as part of an exit scam. There were also reports that police had raided the exchange’s offices in Istanbul.
Istanbul’s chief prosecutor’s office corroborated the reports the following day. It announced a probe into Thodex and said police had arrested 62 people allegedly involved in the scam. Özer denied the accusations, claiming his trip abroad was to meet foreign investors.
As of April 30, 2021, a Turkish court decided to jail six suspects, including family members of the missing CEO and senior company employees, pending trial. Interpol also issued a red notice for Özer.
“When he is caught with the red notice, we have extradition agreements with a large part of these countries. God willing he will be caught and he will be returned,” said Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu.
Özer managed to evade capture for over a year. Albanian authorities eventually detained him on Aug. 30, 2022. He attempted to appeal extradition in court, but the decision was upheld, and Özer was in Turkish custody by April 30, 2023, two years after the scandal began.
Özer was detained by Turkish authorities after being extradited from Albania. Source: AA
The case against Özer was swift. In July 2023, just three months after arriving in Turkey, he was sentenced to seven months and 15 days in prison for failing to submit certain documents requested by the Tax Inspection Board during the trial.
In court, Özer claimed that he and his family were facing false accusations. He said, “I am smart enough to manage all institutions in the world. This is evident from the company I founded at the age of 22. If I were to establish a criminal organization, I would not act so amateurishly. … It is clear that the suspects in the file have been victims for more than 2 years.”
Özer was serving his sentence at the Tekirdağ No. 1 F-Type High Security Closed Penal Institution when he died. F-Type prisons are high-security institutions reserved for political prisoners, members of organized crime syndicates and other armed groups serving an aggravated life sentence.
Human rights advocates have repeatedly raised concerns about the conditions at F-Type prisons. In 2007, Amnesty International noted “harsh and arbitrary” disciplinary treatments, as well as isolation.
Turkey changes its laws to protect investors
The Thomex scandal and its ensuing fallout were so significant that they drove the Turkish government to change its policies toward cryptocurrencies.
Immediately following news of Özer fleeing the country, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey banned crypto payments and prohibited payment providers from offering fiat on-ramps for crypto exchanges. The official notice outlawed “any direct or indirect usage of crypto assets in payment services and electronic money issuance.” Notably, the ban excluded banks, meaning that users can still deposit lira onto crypto exchange accounts using bank transfers.
The ban aimed to ensure financial stability, while other agencies like the Capital Markets Board (CMB) and the Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) moved to legitimize trading activities. In May 2021, MASAK amended money laundering and terrorism financing laws to include provisions for cryptocurrency.
By 2024, the “Law on Amendments to the Capital Markets Law” came into effect. This built on the initial changes in 2021, which included extensive consumer protection measures in addition to provisions on licensing and reporting.
These new measures, which also aimed to move Turkey off the Financial Action Task Force’s “gray list” of countries with inadequate Anti-Money Laundering measures, have in turn helped spur the local crypto industry.
Chainalysis’ “2025 Geography of Crypto Report” found that Turkey led the Middle East and North Africa in value received in crypto. Trading activity also spiked last year.
In the long term, the Thodex scandal may have led to increased crypto adoption in the country, but only after it rocked the Turkish crypto industry and left many investors out to dry. It also resulted in the imprisonment and death of its orchestrator and CEO.
A New York jury was unable to reach a verdict in the case of Anton and James Peraire-Bueno, the MIT-educated brothers accused of fraud and money laundering related to a 2023 exploit of the Ethereum blockchain that resulted in the removal of $25 million in digital assets.
In a Friday ruling, US District Judge Jessica Clarke declared a mistrial in the case after jurors failed to agree on whether to convict or acquit the brothers, Inner City Press reported.
The decision came after a three-week trial in Manhattan federal court, resulting in differing theories from prosecutors and the defense regarding the Peraire-Buenos’ alleged actions involving maximal extractable value (MEV) bots.
A MEV attack occurs when traders or validators exploit transaction ordering on a blockchain for profit. Using automated MEV bots, they front-run or sandwich other trades by paying higher fees for priority.
In the brothers’ case, they allegedly used MEV bots to “trick” users into trades. The exploit, though planned by the two for months, reportedly took just 12 seconds to net the pair $25 million.
In closing arguments to the jury this week, prosecutors argued that the brothers “tricked” and “defrauded” users by engaging in a “bait and switch” scheme, allowing them to extract about $25 million in crypto. They cited evidence suggesting that the two plotted their moves for months and researched potential consequences of their actions.
“Ladies and gentlemen, bait and switch is not a trading strategy,” said prosecutors on Tuesday, according to Inner City Press. “It is fraud. It is cheating. It is rigging the system. They pretended to be a legitimate MEV-Boost validator.”
In contrast, defense lawyers for the Peraire-Buenos pushed back against the US government’s theory of the two pretending to be “honest validators” to extract the funds, though the court ultimately allowed the argument to be presented to the jury.
“This is like stealing a base in baseball,” said the defense team on Tuesday. “If there’s no fraud, there’s no conspiracy, there’s no money laundering.”
What’s at stake for the crypto industry following the verdict?
Though the case ended without a verdict, the mistrial has left the crypto industry divided, with many observers debating the legal and technical implications of treating MEV-related activity as a potential criminal offense. Crypto advocacy organization Coin Center filed an amicus brief on Monday after opposition from prosecutors.
“I don’t think what’s in the indictment constitutes wire fraud,” said Carl Volz, a partner at law firm Gunnercooke, in a Monday op-ed for DLNews. “A jury could conclude differently, but if it does, it’ll be because the brothers googled stupidly and talked too much, for too long, with the wrong people.”