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Eight babies have been born in the UK with DNA from three people following a procedure to eliminate an incurable inherited disease.

It is a major advance for the technique, called mitochondrial donation therapy, designed to prevent a life-limiting, often fatal, illness caused by genetic mutations in the structures that generate energy in all our cells.

It is also a test of the UK’s permissive, but highly regulated, stance on human embryo research that allowed a technique once criticised for creating “three-parent babies” to proceed.

The babies, four girls and four boys – two of them identical twins – were all born in the last five years and are healthy, according to research published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

“It’s a great success for these families,” said Sir Doug Turnbull, emeritus professor at the University of Newcastle who helped pioneer the treatment.

“This is a devastating disease with no cure and without this technique, they would not feel that their families were free of mitochondrial disease. This gives them that opportunity.”

Screen grab taken from handout video of a diagram showing the embryo replacement procedure.
Image:
This image shows the embryo replacement procedure. Pic: PA

Mitochondrial disease affects around one in 5,000 babies born in the UK.

Depending on the number and type of mutations in their mitochondria, the severity and type of disease can vary, but includes neurological, metabolic and developmental disorders.

Only women at high risk of passing on severe disease qualify for the procedure, provided though a specialist facility at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

The identities of the seven families and their babies are being withheld, but a mother of one of the baby boys speaking anonymously said: “The emotional burden of mitochondrial disease has been lifted, and in its place is hope, joy, and deep gratitude.”

How does the technique work?

The procedure involves removing the genetic information from an affected mother’s fertilised embryo before inserting it into one from a healthy female donor, from which the genetic information has been removed.

Crucially, the hundreds of thousands of diseased mitochondria are left behind, leaving the new embryo with healthy ones present in the donor embryo.

A diagram showing an embryo o created by mitochondrial donation. Pic: PA
Image:
Pic: PA

Mitochondria contain a tiny amount of their own unique genetic code, so the resulting babies carry DNA from three different people.

But because it represents just 0.02% of our total DNA and has no bearing on genetic traits we inherit from our parents, researchers behind the technique, have never liked the “three-parent” moniker.

However, the technique – whatever you choose to call it – isn’t perfect.

A total of 22 women underwent the procedure but only seven became pregnant, resulting in eight births – a 36% success rate.

Five of the eight babies were born with no trace of disease.

But tests on the other three revealed a small percentage of mutated mitochondria had been carried over during the procedure.

Read more from Sky News:
‘My voice box was removed after NHS missed my throat cancer’
World’s biggest human imaging project reaches milestone

While they are at levels too low to cause mitochondrial disease, the babies will require careful follow-ups to ensure they continue to develop normally.

“We have designed a study specifically for that purpose,” said Professor Bobby McFarland, who leads the service in Newcastle.

“That’s what is unique about us offering this in Newcastle because there isn’t anywhere else in the world that’s doing this in a regulated way.”

While there’s good reason to expect the children will develop normally, the procedure does take medicine into new territory.

Because mitochondria contain their own genetic code, girls born via the technique will pass that on to any children they may have in future.

Changing the “germ-line” in such a way has raised ethical concerns.

But for seven new families, and more to follow, the procedure promises to cure a disease that has affected their families for generations.

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Labour deputy leadership: Contest to replace Rayner set to become two-horse race

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Labour deputy leadership: Contest to replace Rayner set to become two-horse race

Labour’s deputy leadership contest is on the brink of becoming a two-horse race between Bridget Phillipson and Lucy Powell, as the other three candidates scramble for nominations.

The official tally from the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) on Wednesday night put Ms Phillipson, the education secretary, ahead with 116 nominations.

Politics Hub: Catch up on The Immigration Debate

Ms Powell, the former Commons leader who was ousted in Sir Keir Starmer’s reshuffle last week, is behind with 77 – just three shy of the 80 needed to make it to the next round.

Bell Ribeiro-Addy, Paula Barker and Dame Emily Thornberry all had support from 15 or fewer MPs as of Wednesday evening, fuelling speculation they could follow in the footsteps of housing minister Alison McGovern and pull out.

Ms Barker, the MP for Liverpool Wavetree, told Sky News she was “genuinely undecided” and had a lot to consider.

Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson kept her job in the recent reshuffle. Pic: PA
Image:
Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson kept her job in the recent reshuffle. Pic: PA

Ms Barker, a former trade union official, has challenged the government on Gaza and welfare cuts and is part of the newly formed soft-left “Mainstream group”.

Her allies are keen for her to stay in the race, with one telling Sky News she “outshone the others by miles” during an online hustings event for MPs, and would be a “real alternative for the membership”.

Her supporters are expected to throw their weight behind Ms Powell if she does drop out, with one saying of the Manchester Central MP: “She is closer to Andy Burnham, and she was just sacked, so those who dislike Morgan McSweeney [the prime minister’s chief of staff] I guess will get behind her.”

However, while describing her as “slightly more left” than Ms Phillipson, they said she is “hardly a socialist”.

Lucy Powell was sacked as leader of the Commons last week. Pic: PA
Image:
Lucy Powell was sacked as leader of the Commons last week. Pic: PA

Read more politics news:
Who is Peter Mandelson?
How many illegal migrants are in Britain?

Some MPs want to avoid a race between Ms Powell and Ms Phillipson, believing there is not much difference in what they offer, but others had more praise for the former, calling her performance at the hustings impressive.

One MP said: “Her pitch is that she’s been the shop steward of the parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) in government, but now she’s not in government she can dedicate herself to the role of deputy leader full time without a department to run. She wants to focus on defining our voter coalition and making sure we’re speaking to them.”

They added that Ms Phillipson might be too busy to fulfil the deputy leadership role, especially with SEND (special educational needs and disabilities) reform coming down the track “which could be a horror show”.

Ms Phillipson has been making the case to MPs about her experience fighting populism in her Houghton & Sunderland South seat in the North East, where Reform UK is on the rise.

Dr Jeevun Sandher said he was won over by the education secretary following her pitch at the hustings in which she also spoke about the cost of living crisis.

The MP for Loughborough told Sky News: “Bridget was strong, articulate, and very impressive. She was able to communicate the deep thought we need to govern well and win the next election.”

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

What do unions want from Labour’s new deputy?

The deputy leadership race was triggered by the resignation of former deputy prime minister and housing secretary Angela Rayner after she admitted underpaying stamp duty on a flat.

The candidates need 80 backers by 5pm Thursday. As of Wednesday evening’s tally, 235 MPs had made their nominations out of Labour’s 398 MPs.

Ms McGovern pulled out on Wednesday afternoon, saying it was “clear that the momentum of this contest had shifted, and I am not going to progress to the next stage”.

The MP for Birkenhead was rumoured to be Number 10’s preference before it was clear Ms Phillipson – who she has since nominated – would enter the race.

Timeline for the race

Many Labour MPs are keen to see someone who would work constructively with the prime minister to avoid the party becoming more divided.

There are also calls for the deputy leader to be from the north to balance out the number of cabinet ministers who represent London seats – which both Dame Emily and Ms Riberio-Addy do.

If more than one candidate secures 80 nominations by Thursday evening, they will then need to gain backing from either three of Labour’s affiliate organisations, including two trade unions, or 5% of constituency parties.

That process will continue until 27 September, meaning a contested election threatens to overshadow the party’s annual conference that begins in Liverpool the next day.

The successful candidates will then appear on the ballot for a vote of all party members and affiliated party supporters, which will open on 8 October and close on 23 October at 12pm.

The winner will be announced on Saturday 25 October.

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Labour deputy leadership: Contest to replace Rayner set to become two-horse race

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Labour deputy leadership: Contest to replace Rayner set to become two-horse race

Labour’s deputy leadership contest is on the brink of becoming a two-horse race between Bridget Phillipson and Lucy Powell, as the other three candidates scramble for nominations.

The official tally from the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) on Wednesday night put Ms Phillipson, the education secretary, ahead with 116 nominations.

Politics Hub: Catch up on The Immigration Debate

Ms Powell, the former Commons leader who was ousted in Sir Keir Starmer’s reshuffle last week, is behind with 77 – just three shy of the 80 needed to make it to the next round.

Bell Ribeiro-Addy, Paula Barker and Dame Emily Thornberry all had support from 15 or fewer MPs as of Wednesday evening, fuelling speculation they could follow in the footsteps of housing minister Alison McGovern and pull out.

Ms Barker, the MP for Liverpool Wavetree, told Sky News she was “genuinely undecided” and had a lot to consider.

Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson kept her job in the recent reshuffle. Pic: PA
Image:
Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson kept her job in the recent reshuffle. Pic: PA

Ms Barker, a former trade union official, has challenged the government on Gaza and welfare cuts and is part of the newly formed soft-left “Mainstream group”.

Her allies are keen for her to stay in the race, with one telling Sky News she “outshone the others by miles” during an online hustings event for MPs, and would be a “real alternative for the membership”.

Her supporters are expected to throw their weight behind Ms Powell if she does drop out, with one saying of the Manchester Central MP: “She is closer to Andy Burnham, and she was just sacked, so those who dislike Morgan McSweeney [the prime minister’s chief of staff] I guess will get behind her.”

However, while describing her as “slightly more left” than Ms Phillipson, they said she is “hardly a socialist”.

Lucy Powell was sacked as leader of the Commons last week. Pic: PA
Image:
Lucy Powell was sacked as leader of the Commons last week. Pic: PA

Read more politics news:
Who is Peter Mandelson?
How many illegal migrants are in Britain?

Some MPs want to avoid a race between Ms Powell and Ms Phillipson, believing there is not much difference in what they offer, but others had more praise for the former, calling her performance at the hustings impressive.

One MP said: “Her pitch is that she’s been the shop steward of the parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) in government, but now she’s not in government she can dedicate herself to the role of deputy leader full time without a department to run. She wants to focus on defining our voter coalition and making sure we’re speaking to them.”

They added that Ms Phillipson might be too busy to fulfil the deputy leadership role, especially with SEND (special educational needs and disabilities) reform coming down the track “which could be a horror show”.

Ms Phillipson has been making the case to MPs about her experience fighting populism in her Houghton & Sunderland South seat in the North East, where Reform UK is on the rise.

Dr Jeevun Sandher said he was won over by the education secretary following her pitch at the hustings in which she also spoke about the cost of living crisis.

The MP for Loughborough told Sky News: “Bridget was strong, articulate, and very impressive. She was able to communicate the deep thought we need to govern well and win the next election.”

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

What do unions want from Labour’s new deputy?

The deputy leadership race was triggered by the resignation of former deputy prime minister and housing secretary Angela Rayner after she admitted underpaying stamp duty on a flat.

The candidates need 80 backers by 5pm Thursday. As of Wednesday evening’s tally, 235 MPs had made their nominations out of Labour’s 398 MPs.

Ms McGovern pulled out on Wednesday afternoon, saying it was “clear that the momentum of this contest had shifted, and I am not going to progress to the next stage”.

The MP for Birkenhead was rumoured to be Number 10’s preference before it was clear Ms Phillipson – who she has since nominated – would enter the race.

Timeline for the race

Many Labour MPs are keen to see someone who would work constructively with the prime minister to avoid the party becoming more divided.

There are also calls for the deputy leader to be from the north to balance out the number of cabinet ministers who represent London seats – which both Dame Emily and Ms Riberio-Addy do.

If more than one candidate secures 80 nominations by Thursday evening, they will then need to gain backing from either three of Labour’s affiliate organisations, including two trade unions, or 5% of constituency parties.

That process will continue until 27 September, meaning a contested election threatens to overshadow the party’s annual conference that begins in Liverpool the next day.

The successful candidates will then appear on the ballot for a vote of all party members and affiliated party supporters, which will open on 8 October and close on 23 October at 12pm.

The winner will be announced on Saturday 25 October.

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On the streets with England’s flag-raisers – as one claims link to Tommy Robinson

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On the streets with England's flag-raisers - as one claims link to Tommy Robinson

“I’m incredibly patriotic,” says Ross, “I love our flag.”

He’s pulling a trailer loaded with England flags, otherwise known as the flag of St George, and Union flags, while his friends carry a ladder.

They’re heading out to fly flags from lamp posts in his hometown, Lichfield.

The group carried flags to raise around Lichfield
Image:
The group carried flags to raise around Lichfield

We’re here to spend an evening with them – keen to understand why flags are appearing on streets across England and what people make of it.

As the flags go up, several passing drivers beep and shout their support.

But it isn’t long before a man and woman walk past, visibly annoyed.

“Shameful behaviour,” the woman tells the group.

One of Ross’s group calls back: “Why can’t you be proud?”

“I am proud, but we’re absolutely tripping over from patriotism to an overt display of nationalism,” the man replies.

“There have been many occasions throughout history where the British flag has been adopted by groups that I don’t agree with”.

It’s a tense moment.

Read more:
Immigration becomes voters’ top issue again

What’s driven UK’s immigration levels?

Octavia raises a flag in Lichfield
Image:
Octavia raises a flag in Lichfield

I ask Ross, 27, if the flying of the flags is timed to coincide with concerns about immigration.

“Yes,” he replies. “My personal stance on it is, yes, this is us saying ‘you’re in our country’, right?

“This is what we stand for, you bow to this flag how we do, right, and you shouldn’t be doing illegal things, and for example, raping the women and committing crimes, which we don’t agree with.”

Ross says there's nothing wrong with being patriotic
Image:
Ross says there’s nothing wrong with being patriotic

He tells me some of the handful of people he’s with went to the same school as him. But Octavia, the only woman in their group, only met them recently.

“She bumped into us the other day, and now she’s a full-fledged flagger,” Ross says.

Octavia, 27, lifts her jumper to reveal she’s wearing an England flag dress.

“I saw him putting up the flags and I genuinely wondered why,” she says.

“He kind of explained to me, like, we’re protecting people of Britain, we are spreading awareness, that is literally all, and I was really happy to get involved”.

Octavia says she was happy to get involved
Image:
Octavia says she was happy to get involved

As the next flag is being put up, a man walks past and breaks into song.

“No surrender, no surrender, no surrender to the boats coming over,” he sings.

Ross, filming him, thanks him for his “performance”.

Many opinions but few solutions for debate that crosses dividing lines


Becky Johnson

Becky Johnson

Social Affairs correspondent

@BeckyJohnsonSky

Over the course of an evening in Lichfield, we struggled to find anyone who didn’t have an opinion on the flags appearing around the town.

Yet we did find people who were reticent to speak on camera, particularly those opposed to the flags being there.

This is a town where around 93% of residents were born in England, according to the census in 2021.

Unlike many British towns and cities, there is little visible evidence of the mass migration this country has experienced in recent decades.

Octavia, the newest recruit to the group of “flaggers” we met, grew up in Leicester, where just under 58% of people were born in England.

After meeting people opposed to the flags in Lichfield, she told me “they’re wealthy, they live in a nice area, they don’t actually have to go through the struggles that everybody else does”.

She then revealed her opposition to migrant hotels is in part because she was once at risk of homelessness and didn’t get state support.

But from what we saw, it would be wrong to conclude that there are obvious dividing lines in this debate.

On both sides, there were people from a range of different backgrounds, young and old.

Some see a display of pure patriotism. To others, it’s blatant nationalism that has to stop.

But in these uneasy times, the removal of any flags has been seized on as a political act that has sparked anger in communities.

A woman sees it all happen and tells us her husband has written to the council to ask for the flags to be removed.

She’s unhappy about how it may make the town feel for some people.

But she doesn’t want to go on camera – or even have her words recorded.

Bob says the number of flags going up has become 'extreme'
Image:
Bob says the number of flags going up has become ‘extreme’

I ask Ross about his political views.

He says he doesn’t belong to any party, but he tells me he supports Tommy Robinson – and had been with him the previous evening.

He got the flags they’re putting up from him.

Further down the street, we meet Bob. He’s just out for dinner. We get talking about the flags.

“It’s not a racist thing just to be wanting to look after your people,” Ross tells him.

Bob agrees, but is concerned about why flags are going up now.

Tap here to see the full line-up for Sky News’ The Immigration Debate

“It’s become quite extreme,” he says. I ask if he thinks the flag is being used as a racist symbol. “100% yeah, I do,” he says.

But an elderly couple over the road completely disagrees with him. “Of course, we support St George’s flag, we’re British,” the woman says.

Read more on immigration:
What’s driven UK’s astounding immigration levels?
Labour weigh up military barracks to house asylum seekers

How much does the UK rely on legal migration?

“There’s nothing wrong with showing the English flag,” her husband agrees.

It’s hard to find anyone who doesn’t have a view on the flags appearing around the town. We leave Lichfield with a sense that they’re provoking strong feelings on both sides of a very live national debate.

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