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SpaceX is valued at around $400 billion and is critical for U.S. space access, but it wasn’t always the powerhouse that it is today.

Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002. Using money that he made from the sale of PayPal, Musk and his new company developed their first rocket, the Falcon 1, to challenge existing launch providers.

“There were actually a lot of startup aerospace companies looking to take on this market. They recognized we had a monopoly provider called United Launch Alliance. They had merged the Boeing and Lockheed rocket launch capacity to one company, and they were charging the government hundreds of millions of dollars to launch satellites,” said Lori Garver, a former deputy administrator at NASA.

In 2003, Musk paraded Falcon 1 around the streets of Washington hoping to attract the attention of government agencies and the multi-million dollar contracts that they offered. It worked, and in 2004, SpaceX secured a few million dollars from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, and the U.S. Air Force to further develop its rockets.

Despite the government support, the company struggled. Its first three launches of the Falcon 1 failed to reach orbit.

“NASA, and specifically the the initial commercial cargo contract, is what saved the company when it was on the brink of bankruptcy,” said Chris Quilty, president and Co-CEO of Quilty Space, a space-focused research firm.

NASA awarded the $1.6 billion contract, known as Commercial Resupply Services to SpaceX in 2008, just months after the first successful flight of the Falcon 1. The contract called on SpaceX to use its new rocket, the Falcon 9, along with its Dragon capsule to ferry cargo and supplies to the International Space Station over the course of 12 missions. In 2014, SpaceX won another NASA contract worth $2.6 billion to develop and operate vehicles to ferry astronauts to and from the International Space Station.

Today, SpaceX dominates large parts of the space market from launch to satellites. In 2024, SpaceX conducted a record-breaking 134 orbital launches, more than double the amount of launches done by the next most prolific launch provider, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, according to science and technology consulting firm BryceTech. These 134 launches accounted for 83% of all spacecraft launched last year. According to a July report by Bloomberg, SpaceX was valued at $400 billion.

SpaceX’s Dragon capsule and Falcon 9 rocket are the primary means by which NASA launches astronauts and supplies to the International Space Station. The company’s Starlink satellites have become indispensable for providing internet access to remote areas as well as to U.S. allies during wartime. The company’s Starship rocket, though still in testing, is also key to the U.S. plan to return to the moon. SpaceX is also building a network of spy satellites for the U.S. government called Starshield as part of a $1.8 billion contract. Even competitors including Amazon and OneWeb have launched their satellites on SpaceX rockets. 

“The ecosystem of space is changed by, really it’s SpaceX,” Garver said. “The lower cost of access to space is doing what we had dreamed of. It is built up a whole community of companies around the world that now have access to space.”

Watch the video to find out more.

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CNBC Daily Open: All about Trump-Xi, Fed cuts and Big Tech earnings

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CNBC Daily Open: All about Trump-Xi, Fed cuts and Big Tech earnings

The Google corporate office at The Hub building in Warsaw, Poland on Sept. 16th, 2025.

Beata Zawrze | Nurphoto | Getty Images

The news cycle barely stopped to breathe today.

First, Trump meets Xi.

U.S. President Donald Trump met Chinese leader Xi Jinping in South Korea on Thursday, during which he struck a 1-year rare earths agreement with China and lowered fentanyl-related tariffs on Beijing to 10% from 20%, effective immediately.

China, in return, will resume buying soybeans and other agricultural products from America, Trump added.

Second, interest rates.

The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered rates by 25 basis points, as expected by traders. But Chair Jerome Powell cautioned that another cut in December, which the market had been pricing in with more than 90% certainty, “is not a foregone conclusion.”

Finally, Big Tech earnings.

While Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft reported earnings that beat analyst expectations, their capex stole the show. All three companies estimated they will outspend earlier projections, and capex growth in 2026 will likely outpace the rate this year.

The crux is that spending on artificial intelligence isn’t going to slow down, at least for the next year, thanks to increasing demand for AI services. Fears of the dotcom bubble repeating can be deferred for now — even Powell suggested so.

That’s a wrap for today. Breathe while you can — Apple and Amazon are up next.

What you need to know today

Trump and Xi meet in South Korea. In their first meeting in six years, Trump halved fentanyl-related tariffs on China to 10% from 20% and said he had struck a 1-year agreement with Beijing on rare earths and critical minerals, while China will resume U.S. soybean purchases.

Fed cuts rates by 25 basis points. That brings the U.S.’ benchmark interest rate to a range of 3.75%-4%. Two out of 10 governors dissented with the move: Trump-appointee Stephan Miran wanted a half-point cut while Jeffrey Schmid voted for no cuts.

Tech titans report earnings. Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft reported earnings Wednesday after the bell. All beat Wall Street expectations on revenue and earnings per share. AI continues to be a driving force for sales.

U.S. markets traded mixed Wednesday. The Nasdaq Composite was the only major index that rose. Asia-Pacific stocks mostly fell Thursday. Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong markets fell as investors assessed the Trump-Xi meeting. Japan’s Nikkei 225 inched up as the Bank of Japan held rates steady.

[PRO] An ‘explosive’ payoff in one AI application. Cathie Wood, founder and chief executive of ARK Invest, told CNBC that her firm is focusing on pure plays in the innovation space, which she thinks can create “explosive growth opportunities.”

And finally…

Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump

Sergey Bobylev | Kent Nishimura | Reuters

Trump’s rare earth deals target China’s dominance — here’s why change won’t come soon

Over 10 days, Trump cemented deals with Australia, Malaysia, Cambodia and most recently, Japan, to bolster the supply of rare earths and other critical minerals that are crucial for the making of batteries, automobiles, defense systems and computing chips.

While Trump’s deals will bring much-needed financial support to the industry and may eventually challenge Beijing’s stranglehold over rare earths, experts said the efforts will be costly and take years to bear fruit.

— Anniek Bao

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CNBC Daily Open: Capex is the number to look at amid Big Tech earnings

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CNBC Daily Open: Capex is the number to look at amid Big Tech earnings

Signage at Google headquarters in Mountain View, California, US, on Thursday, Oct. 23, 2025.

Benjamin Fanjoy | Bloomberg | Getty Images

The news is coming in fast and thick. Strap in.

First, interest rates.

The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered rates by 25 basis points, as expected by traders. But Chair Jerome Powell cautioned that another cut in December, which the market had been pricing in with more than 90% certainty, “is not a foregone conclusion.”

His statement threw cold water on the markets, sending most stocks lower and Treasury yields higher.

Next, Big Tech earnings.

Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft reported earnings that beat analyst expectations on the top and bottom lines. Notably, Alphabet’s quarterly revenue topped $100 billion for the first time.

And finally capital expenditure.

Capex is really the big story here. Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft are saying they are going to spend much more money.

Alphabet not only raised its capex estimate for fiscal year 2025 to a “a range of $91 billion to $93 billion” from its earlier forecast of $75 billion to $85 billion, but is now expecting “a significant increase” in capex for 2026, according to finance chief Anat Ashkenazi.

Meta hiked the low end of its capex guidance for the year to $70 billion from $66 billion. “Being able to make a significantly larger investment here is very likely to be a profitable thing” CEO Mark Zuckerberg said in the earnings call.

And Microsoft’s Chief Financial Officer Amy Hood said capex in the firm’s fiscal first quarter came in at $34.9 billion — higher than the $30 billion figure estimated in July. The capex growth rate for fiscal 2026 will also surpass that in 2025, Hood added.

The crux is that spending on artificial intelligence isn’t going to slow down, at least for the next year, thanks to increasing demand for AI services. Fears of a bubble can be deferred for now.

That’s it for the day. We all can take a breather — at least until headlines emerge from U.S. President Donald Trump and China’s Xi Jinping’s meeting later in the day.

What you need to know today

And finally…

Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump

Sergey Bobylev | Kent Nishimura | Reuters

Trump-Xi meeting nears with high stakes and hopes, but few details

A high-stakes meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping could yield a breakthrough in the trade relationship between the two economic superpowers.

But while both the Trump administration and Beijing are projecting optimism ahead of the sit-down, specifics about the summit remain unclear — and some experts are skeptical of the White House’s confidence on achieving a favorable outcome.

— Kevin Breuninger

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Wall Street hates Meta’s AI spending guidance raise. We don’t

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Wall Street hates Meta's AI spending guidance raise. We don't

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