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A robotic machine manufactures a semiconductor chip at a stall to show investors during The Advantage Assam 2.0 Investment Summit in Guwahati, India, on Feb. 25, 2025.

Nurphoto | Nurphoto | Getty Images

India wants to become a global chip major, but the odds are steep: competition is fierce, and India is a late entrant in the race to make the most advanced chips.

In 2022, when the U.S. restricted exports of its advanced AI chips to China to curb Beijing’s access to cutting-edge technology, a global race for semiconductor self-reliance began.

For India, it offered an opportunity: the country wants to reduce dependence on imports, secure chips for strategic sectors, and capture a bigger share of the global electronics market shifting away from China.

India is one of the world’s largest consumers of electronics, but it has no local chip industry and plays a minimal role in the global supply chain. New Delhi’s “Semiconductor Mission” aims to change that.

The ambition is bold. It wants to create a full supply chain — from design to fabrication, testing and packaging — on Indian soil.

As of this month, the country has approved 10 semiconductor projects with total investment of 1.6 trillion rupees ($18.2 billion). These include two semiconductor fabrication plants, and multiple testing and packing factories.

India also has a pool of engineering talent that is already employed by global chip design companies.

Yet progress so far has been uneven, and neither the investments nor talent pool is enough to make India’s chip ambitions a reality, say experts.

“India needs more than a few fabs or ATP facilities (i.e., more than a few “shiny objects.”) It needs a dynamic and deep and long-term ecosystem,” said Stephen Ezell, vice president for global innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a science and technology policy think tank.

Ezell says that leading semiconductor manufacturers consider “as many as 500 discrete factors” before they set up multi-billion-dollar fab investments. These include talent, tax, trade, technology policies, labor rates and laws and customs policies — all areas where India has work to do.

New Delhi’s policy push

In May, the Indian government added a new element to its chip ambition: a scheme to support electronic component manufacturing, addressing a critical bottleneck.

Until now, chipmakers had no local demand for their product as there are hardly any electronic component manufacturing companies, such as phone camera companies, in India.

Researchers inside the semiconductor fabrication lab at the Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, at the Indian Institute of Science, in Bangalore.

Manjunath Kiran | Afp | Getty Images

But the new policy offers financial support to companies producing active and passive electronic components, creating a potential domestic buyer-supplier base that chip manufacturers can plug into.

In 2022, the country also pivoted from its strategy of providing superior incentives to fabrication units making chips of 28nm or less. When it comes to chips, the smaller the size, the higher the performance with improved energy efficiency. These chips can be used in new technologies like advanced AI and quantum computing by packing more transistors into the same space.

But this approach wasn’t helping India develop its nascent semiconductor industry, so New Delhi now covers 50% of the project costs of all fabrication units, regardless of chip size, and of chip testing and packing units.

Fab companies from Taiwan and the U.K., and semiconductor packaging companies from the U.S. and South Korea have all shown interest in aiding India’s semiconductor ambitions.

“The Indian government has doled out generous incentives to attract semiconductor manufacturers to India,” said Ezell, but he stressed that “those sorts of investments aren’t sustainable forever.”

The long road

The biggest chip project in India currently is the 910-billion-rupee ($11 billion) semiconductor fabrication plant being built in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s home state of Gujarat by Tata Electronics, in partnership with Taiwan’s Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp.

The unit will make chips for power management integrated circuits, display drivers, microcontrollers and high-performance computing logic, Tata Electronics said, which can be used in AI, automotive, computing and data storage industries.

The U.K.’s Clas-SiC Wafer Fab has also tied up with India’s SiCSem to set up the country’s first commercial compound fab in the eastern state of Odisha.

These compound semiconductors can be used in missiles, defence equipment, electric vehicles, consumer appliances and solar power inverters, according to a government press release.

“The coming 3-4 years is pivotal for advancing India’s semiconductor goals,” said Sujay Shetty, managing director of semiconductor at PwC India.

Establishing operational silicon fabrication facilities and overcoming technical and infrastructural hurdles that extend beyond incentives will be a key milestone, according to Shetty.

Opportunities beyond fab

NEW DELHI, INDIA – MAY 14: Union Minister of Railways, Information and Broadcasting, Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw briefing the media on Cabinet decisions at National Media Centre on May 14, 2025 in New Delhi, India.

Hindustan Times | Hindustan Times | Getty Images

Last week, Indian minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, who was in Bengaluru to inaugurate a new office of semiconductor design firm ARM, said the British company will design the “most advanced chips used in AI servers, drones, mobile phone chips of 2 nm” from the south Indian city.

But experts say the role of local talent is likely to be limited to non-core design testing and validation, as the core intellectual property for chip designs is often held in locations like the U.S. or Singapore, where established IP regimes support such activities.

“India has sufficient talent in design space, because unlike semiconductor manufacturing and testing that has come up in the last 2 years, design has been there since 1990s,” said Jayanth BR, a recruiter with over 15 years of experience in hiring for global semiconductor companies in India.

He said global companies usually outsource “block-level” design validation work to India.

Going beyond this is something India’s government will need to solve if it wants to fulfil its semiconductor ambitions.

“India may consider updating its IP laws to address new forms of IP, like digital content and software. Of course, improving enforcement mechanisms will go a long way in protecting IP rights,” says Sajai Singh, a partner at Mumbai-based JSA Advocates & Solicitors.

“Our competition is with countries like the U.S., Europe, and Taiwan, which not only have strong IP laws, but also a more established ecosystem for chip design.”

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Netflix earnings, Anthropic’s ‘woke’ problem, Travis Kelce’s Six Flags stake and more in Morning Squawk

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Netflix earnings, Anthropic's 'woke' problem, Travis Kelce's Six Flags stake and more in Morning Squawk

Dario Amodei, Anthropic CEO, speaking on CNBC’s Squawk Box outside the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Jan. 21st, 2025.

Gerry Miller | CNBC

This is CNBC’s Morning Squawk newsletter. Subscribe here to receive future editions in your inbox.

Here are five key things investors need to know to start the trading day:

1. To be, or not to be

Buzzy artificial intelligence startup Anthropic has found itself at odds with the White House over regulatory policy for the AI industry. CEO Dario Amodei jumped into the discourse yesterday to push back on claims that the company is “woke.”

Here’s what to know:

  • Anthropic has largely struck a different tone on AI regulation than its competitor OpenAI. The company opposed a proposed amendment to President Donald Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill Act.” that would have suspended state-level AI law.
  • As a result, David Sacks — the venture capitalist serving as Trump’s AI and crypto czar — has chastised Anthropic. He said the company is running its regulatory strategy around “fear mongering” and has positioned “itself consistently as a foe of the Trump administration.”
  • LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman came to Anthropic’s defense on Monday, calling the company “one of the good guys.” Hoffman’s vote of confidence is particular noteworthy given his investments in rival OpenAI.
  • Sacks shot back at Hoffman, writing on social media that Anthropic is looking to “backdoor Woke AI and other AI regulations.”
  • Anthropic’s Amodei said yesterday that the company is aligned with the White House on “key areas of AI policy” and shares goals with the administration and lawmakers on both sides of the aisle.

2. Tax troubles

In an aerial view, the Netflix logo is displayed above Netflix corporate offices on October 7, 2025 in Los Angeles, California.

Mario Tama | Getty Images

Netflix missed analysts’ earnings per share estimates for the third quarter, pushing shares down more than 7% in overnight trading. The streamer placed blame for its weaker-than-expected report on an expense stemming from a dispute with Brazilian tax authorities.

The California-based company’s report comes after it announced on Tuesday that it will bring the hit animated film “KPop Demon Hunters” to the toy market. Netflix said it will partner with toymakers Hasbro and Mattel on various items tied to the movie.

Stock futures are slightly lower this morning after Netflix’s slide. Follow live markets updates here.

3. A numbers game

An American flag flies at Warner Bros. Studio in Burbank, California, on Sept. 12, 2025.

Mario Tama | Getty Images

Warner Bros. Discovery said yesterday that it’s open to a sale, as the media giant gears up for a corporate split up. Investors appeared to like this news, with shares jumping 11% in the session.

The HBO and CNN parent said it will review all of its options after getting “unsolicited interest” from multiple parties. While the company previously announced plans to break its business into two, it has also seen takeover interest by fellow industry titan Paramount Skydance.

Speaking of HBO, Warner Bros. Discovery announced yesterday that it is hiking prices for the network’s streaming platform.

4. Confessions of a shopaholic

People look for discounts in a local store, in New York, U.S., December 25, 2023. 

Eduardo Munoz | Reuters

Shoppers are feeling “discount burnout” heading into Black Friday and Cyber Monday, according to consulting firm AlixPartners.

On average, the more than 9,000 U.S. consumers surveyed by the firm said price was less important to them than a year ago when deciding to buy new clothes. Additionally, fewer consumers listed sales and finding the top deal as “very important” compared to last year.

Overall, AlixPartners’ data shows fashion prices have risen $17 from last year on average. Some categories, including jackets and outerwear, saw larger price hikes than others, such as swimwear.

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5. Activist investor era

Taylor Swift (L) and Travis Kelce are seen in the Meatpacking District on Dec. 28, 2024 in New York City.

TheStewartofNY | GC Images | Getty Images

Activist investor firm Jana Partners linked up with an unexpected teammate for a stake in Six Flags: NFL star Travis Kelce. (You might also know Kelce as Taylor Swift’s fiancé.)

Jana and Kelce are part of an investment group that now holds an economic interest of around 9% in the amusement park operator. The group said it wants to work with the company’s board to improve shareholder value and guest experience.

Kelce said in a statement that he is a “lifelong” Six Flags fan and wants to ensure the company is “special for the next generation.” Shares of Six Flags are slightly lower before the bell this morning after rallying more than 17% yesterday.

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CNBC’s MacKenzie Sigalos, Ashley Capoot, Sarah Whitten, Luke Fountain, Alex Sherman, Sara Salinas, Gabrielle Fonrouge, Yun Li, Sean Conlon and Sarah Min contributed to this report. Josephine Rozzelle edited this edition.

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AI is already taking white-collar jobs. Economists warn there’s ‘much more in the tank’

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AI is already taking white-collar jobs. Economists warn there's 'much more in the tank'

Marc Benioff, chief executive officer of Salesforce Inc., speaks during the 2025 Dreamforce conference in San Francisco, California, US, on Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2025.

Michael Short | Bloomberg | Getty Images

JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs are harnessing it to employ fewer people. Ford CEO Jim Farley warned that it will “replace literally half of all white-collar workers.” Salesforce‘s Marc Benioff claimed it’s already doing up to 50% of the company’s workload. Walmart CEO Doug McMillon told The Wall Street Journal that it “is going to change literally every job.”

The “it” that’s on corporate America’s lips is artificial intelligence.

Less than three years into the generative AI boom, executives across every major industry are loudly telling employees and shareholders that, due to the technological revolution underway, the size and shape of their workforce is about to dramatically change, if it hasn’t already.

What started with the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT and a novel new way for consumers to use chatbots has rapidly made its way into the enterprise, with companies employing customized AI agents to automate functions in customer support, marketing, coding, content creation and elsewhere.

Recent estimates from Goldman Sachs suggest that 6% to 7% of U.S. workers could lose their jobs because of AI adoption. The Stanford Digital Economy Lab, using ADP employment data, found that entry-level hiring in “AI exposed jobs” has dropped 13% since large language models started proliferating. The report said software development, customer service and clerical work are the types of jobs most vulnerable to AI today.

“We are at the beginning of a multi-decade progress development that will have a major impact on the labor market,” said Gad Levanon, chief economist at the Burning Glass Institute, a research firm that focuses on changes in the economy and workforce.

Automation, of course, is nothing new. Every era has its printing press, ATM machine, self-checkout machine or online booking agency that’s replaced human labor with some form of technology. In the process, new jobs emerge and economies adapt and evolve.

A report from the World Economic Forum earlier this year estimated that the onslaught of AI, robotics and automation could displace 92 million jobs by 2030, while adding 170 million new roles. AI development, research, safety and implementation are all areas of growth, along with robotics.

Majority of CEOs expect a major transformation of jobs in next 4-5 years from AI: Roger Ferguson

Erik Brynjolfsson, director of the Stanford research group, said that, in addition to new types of roles, physical jobs such as health aids and construction workers are so far shielded from AI disruption.

“There’s going to be more turbulence in both directions in the coming months and years,” Brynjolfsson said in an interview. “We need to prepare our workforce.”

The high-level data isn’t yet showing massive changes.

The U.S. government is three weeks into a shutdown, so the Bureau of Labor Statistics has gone dark. But alternative reports from organizations like the Chicago Fed have shown an economy that’s plodding along. Employment growth is meek, but the labor market is holding steady.

The unemployment rate held flat at 4.3% in September, according to the Chicago Fed, as did the rate for layoffs and other separations at 2.1%.

A recent study published by the Budget Lab at Yale found no “discernible disruption” caused by ChatGPT. Martha Gimbel, co-founder of the lab, called the upheaval from AI “minimal” and “incredibly concentrated,” although that could shift as technological changes work through the broader economy.

“The rest of the economy often moves more slowly than Silicon Valley,” she said.

The New York Fed found in a survey last month that only 1% of services firms reported laying off workers because of AI in the last six months. The Society for Human Resource Management said its data shows that 6% of U.S. jobs have been automated by 50% or more, a number that rises to 32% for computer and math-related professions.

‘Scrappier teams’

It doesn’t take much prying to get corporate executives to talk about what’s coming.

Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said in June that his company’s corporate workforce will shrink from AI over the next few years, and encouraged employees to learn how to use AI tools to eventually “get more done with scrappier teams.”

The New York Times published an investigative piece on Tuesday, showing that Amazon’s automation team expects that it can avoid hiring more than 160,000 people in the U.S. by 2027, equaling savings of about 30 cents on every item that Amazon packs and delivers. The report was based on interviews and internal strategy documents, the Times said.

Palantir CEO Alex Karp told CNBC in August that his data analytics company, which has seen its market cap soar more than elevenfold in the past two years, aims to grow revenue by 10 times and reduce its head count by about 12%. He didn’t provide a timeframe for reaching that goal.

The message is making its way across the tech industry.

Benioff, Salesforce’s CEO, said last month that his software company has cut the number of customer support roles from 9,000 to 5,000 “because I need less heads.” Swedish fintech firm Klarna said it has downsized its workforce by 40% as it adopts AI. Shopify CEO Tobi Lutke told employees in April that they’ll be expected to prove why they “cannot get what they want done using AI” before asking for more head count and resources.

Mustafa Suleyman, CEO of Microsoft AI, speaks during an event commemorating the 50th anniversary of the company at Microsoft headquarters in Redmond, Washington, on April 4, 2025.

David Ryder | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Coding assistants have been some of the early winners of the generative AI rush, becoming the first real application type to attract a hefty number of paying users. The Information reported last week that Anysphere, the parent of Cursor, is in talks to raise funds at a $27 billion valuation, as it takes on Microsoft’s GitHub and other startups, including Replit, in an increasingly crowded market.

Software development is just the beginning.

In banking, JPMorgan’s managers have been told to avoid hiring people as the firm deploys AI across its businesses, CFO Jeremy Barnum told analysts last week. Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon said that as his bank incorporates AI, it will be “taking a front-to-back view of how we organize our people, make decisions, and think about productivity and efficiency.”

Then there’s the auto sector.

When Ford CEO Farley told Walter Isaacson in an interview in July that “AI will leave a lot of white-collar people behind,” he was reflecting a sentiment that’s growing across his industry. According to a survey of 500 U.S. car dealers conducted by marketing solutions firm Phyron, half of respondents said they expect AI to sell vehicles autonomously by 2027.

“That means AI creating the marketing assets, handling listings, answering buyer questions, negotiating deals, arranging finance, and completing the sale — all without human input,” Phyron said in the report on its survey results last month.

The topic will likely get a lot of attention in the next couple weeks as the world’s biggest tech companies issue quarterly results and update investors on their AI deployments. Tesla kicks off tech earnings season on Wednesday, followed next week by Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft, Apple and Amazon.

WATCH: AI won’t replace workers but tasks workers do

AI won't replace workers but the tasks workers do, says AEI's James Pethokoukis

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Baidu’s Apollo Go plans to launch taxis with no steering wheels in Switzerland as the race for robotaxis in Europe heats up

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Baidu's Apollo Go plans to launch taxis with no steering wheels in Switzerland as the race for robotaxis in Europe heats up

Chinese tech company Baidu announced Wednesday its Apollo Go robotaxi arm has entered a strategic partnership with PostBus in Switzerland.

Baidu

BEIJING — Chinese tech giant Baidu announced Wednesday that its robotaxi unit will start test drives in Switzerland in December, as firms race to get their vehicles on European roads.

The company’s Apollo Go unit will work with Swiss public transit operator PostBus through a strategic partnership, Baidu said.

By the first quarter of 2027, the companies aim to begin operating a public-facing fully driverless taxi service called “AmiGo” that uses Apollo Go’s RT6 electric vehicles, the press release said. Baidu added that once the robotaxis are up and running, the operators plan to remove the cars’ steering wheels.

Plans to start tests in December are the most concrete steps Baidu has announced so far in getting its robotaxis on public roads in Europe.

The Chinese tech company said in August that it would partner with U.S. ride-hailing company Lyft to deploy robotaxis in the U.K. and Germany starting in 2026. A month earlier, Baidu announced a partnership with Uber to deploy Apollo Go robotaxis on the ride-hailing platform outside the U.S. and mainland China later in the year.

Other robotaxi companies are also racing to expand into Europe and the Middle East, after building up operations in the U.S. and China.

On Friday, Chinese robotaxi operator Pony.ai announced it will work with Stellantis to begin tests in Luxembourg in the coming months, before expanding to other European cities next year.

U.S. rival Waymo, owned by Google parent Alphabet, last week also announced plans to start tests in London before launching the self-driving taxi service there next year. Uber in June said it would start trials in spring 2026 of fully autonomous rides in the U.K. with SoftBank-backed self-driving tech startup Wayve.

— CNBC’s Arjun Kharpal contributed to this report.

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