There was some speculation, when it emerged that Nigel Farage was heading to Threadneedle Street to see the Bank of England governor, that he was about to “do a Trump”.
You might recall, if you follow American politics, how the US president has been, for want of a better word, trolling the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell, threatening to fire him if he didn’t cut interest rates. Might Mr Farage and Reform be about to do the same thing in the UK, raising deep (and, for economists, scary) questions about the independence of the central bank?
The short answer, as far as anyone can tell following today’s meeting, is: no. Instead, Mr Farage and his fellow Reform MP Richard Tice enjoyed a relatively cordial meeting with the governor, where they discussed the intricacies of quantitative easing, the Bank’s reserves policies and even cryptocurrency – a slightly unexpected addition to the agenda which might reflect the fact that Reform is hoping to raise lots of campaign funds from crypto dudes.
The main Bank-related issue Reform has been campaigning on – Mr Tice in particular – comes back to something seemingly arcane but certainly important. As you may be aware, in recent years, the Bank of England has, alongside its interest rate policy, been engaged in something called quantitative easing (QE). QE is complex, but it boils down to this: in an effort to boost the economy, the Bank bought up a lot of government bonds and they now sit awkwardly in its balance sheet. In recent months, the Bank has begun to reverse QE (quantitative tightening) – selling off billions of pounds of bonds.
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Bank of England’s £134bn gamble
Anyway, reach deeper into the arcane mechanism of how QE works and something interesting leaps out. Two things, actually. First, as part of QE, in order to get hold of those government bonds, the Bank created “reserves” – sort of bank-account-at-the-Bank-of-England – for the high street banks from whom it bought them.
Tens of billions to high street banks
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Those reserves earn interest at the Bank’s official interest rate. At the time of QE, the rate was near zero, so no one spent much time thinking about reserves. But since then, rates went up to 5.25%, and are now at 4%, and hence the Bank has recently been paying out a hefty amount – tens of billions of pounds – in interest to high street banks.
Image: Reform UK leader Nigel Farage (left) and deputy leader Richard Tice speaking to the media outside the Bank Of England in central London. Pic: PA
This, says Richard Tice, is an abomination. In the last Reform manifesto, he said the Bank should stop paying out those reserves. Which, on the face of it, sounds perfectly sensible. However, there are a few catches.
A big bank tax
The first is that while in theory it might help recoup billions of pounds of public money, that money has to come from somewhere, and in this case, it would come from high street banks. In other words, this is, in all but name, a very big bank tax. The Bank of England’s point, when asked about all this, is that if anyone is going to do something like that, it should really be the government, since it’s rightly in charge of taxing and spending.
The other catch is that Bank of England reserves systems are desperately complex. Changing the way they’re structured is a delicate operation. Running a coach and horses through it, as Mr Tice is suggesting, could have all sorts of unintended consequences, including undermining confidence in UK economic policy.
This, by the way, is not the only thing Reform is unhappy about: they also think the Bank should slow down its quantitative tightening programme.
But the point of all the above is that while there are some big question marks about the particular idea Reform is proposing, the worst thing of all would be not to discuss this as publicly as possible.
The worst outcome of all would be for the government and Bank to take certain decisions which affect billions of pounds of public money with only the merest of scrutiny, save at the Treasury Select Committee, whose sessions rarely get much attention beyond the financial pages. And that is more or less the situation we’ve had for the past decade and a half.
The Bank of England has introduced one of the most radical monetary experiments in history, which may or may not have been a success or a failure, but few outside of the City are even aware of it. Mr Tice’s policy platform may be flawed, but his overarching point – that this stuff desperately needs more scrutiny – is quite right.
The owner of the Daily Mail is in talks to buy the Daily Telegraph and its Sunday sister title for £500m, a deal that would finally end the more-than two-year hiatus over their future.
In a statement, DMGT said the exclusivity period to combine the two national newspaper groups would be used to “finalise the terms of the transaction and to prepare the necessary regulatory submissions”.
A deal to combine the Mail and Telegraph titles will require scrutiny from the competition regulator, with the culture secretary, Lisa Nandy, also expected to be involved in the process.
The collapse of the RedBird-led deal came after opposition from within the Telegraph’s newsroom over reported links of its chairman, John Thornton, to influential Chinese state actors.
Lord Rothermere, DMGT’s controlling shareholder, had intended to acquire a minority stake of just under 10% in the Telegraph titles as part of the RedBird-led consortium.
An earlier deal proposed by a consortium including RedBird and the Abu Dhabi state-owned investment firm IMI collapsed after the government changed the law regarding foreign state ownership of national newspapers.
IMI was to have owned a 15% stake – the maximum permitted – under the more recent deal.
“I have long admired the Daily Telegraph,” Lord Rothermere said.
“My family and I have an enduring love of newspapers and for the journalists who make them.
“The Daily Telegraph is Britain’s largest and best quality broadsheet newspaper, and I have grown up respecting it.
“It has a remarkable history and has played a vital role in shaping Britain’s national debate over many decades.
“Chris Evans is an excellent editor, and we intend to give him the resources to invest in the newsroom.
“Under our ownership, the Daily Telegraph will become a global brand, just as the Daily Mail has.”
A spokesman for RedBird IMI said: “DMGT and RedBird IMI have worked swiftly to reach the agreement announced today, which will shortly be submitted to the Secretary of State.”
If the deal is completed, it would bring the Telegraph newspapers under the same stable of ownership as titles including Metro, The i Paper and New Scientist.
DMGT said it planned “to invest substantially in TMG [Telegraph Media Group] with the aim of accelerating its international expansion.
“It will focus particularly on the USA, where the Daily Mail is already successful, with established editorial and commercial operations.”
Households and businesses will have to wait for energy bills to fall significantly because “there’s no shortcut” to bringing down prices, the energy minister has told Sky News.
Speaking as Chancellor Rachel Reeves considers ways of easing the pressure on households in next week’s budget, energy minister Michael Shanks conceded that Labour’s election pledge to cut bills by £300 by converting the UK to clean power has not been delivered.
It comes as Ofgem announced the average annual energy bill will rise by 0.2% in January, despite wholesale costs falling.
Major forecasters Cornwall Insight had predicted a 1% drop – but the energy regulator has moved in the opposite direction. Between January and March, the typical annual dual fuel bill will be £1,758 – up from the current £1,755 cap.
The UK has the second-highest domestic and the highest industrial electricity prices among developed nations, despite renewable sources providing more than 50% of UK electricity last year.
“The truth is, we do have to build that infrastructure in order to remove the volatility of fossil fuels from people’s bills,” Mr Shanks said.
“We obviously hope that that will happen as quickly as possible, but there’s no shortcut to this, and there’s not an easy solution to building the clean power system that brings down bills.”
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His comments come amid growing scepticism about the compatibility of cutting bills as well as carbon emissions, and growing evidence that the government’s pursuit of a clean power grid by 2030 is contributing to higher bills.
While wholesale gas prices have fallen from their peak following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, energy bills remain around 35% higher than before the war, inflated by the rising cost of reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
The price of subsidising offshore wind and building and managing the grid has increased sharply, driven by supply chain inflation and the rising cost of financing major capital projects.
In response, the government has had to increase the maximum price it will pay for offshore wind by more than 10% in the latest renewables auction, and extend price guarantees from 15 years to 20.
The auction concludes early next year, but it’s possible it could see the price of new wind power set higher than the current average wholesale cost of electricity, primarily set by gas.
Renewable subsidies and network costs make up more than a third of bills and are set to grow. The cost of new nuclear power generation will be added to bills from January.
The government has also increased so-called social costs funded through bills, including the warm home discount, a £150 payment made to around six million of the least-affluent households.
Gas remains central to the UK’s power network, with around 50 active gas-fired power stations underpinning an increasingly renewable grid, and is also crucial to pricing.
Because of the way the energymarket works, wholesale gas sets the price for all sources of electricity, the majority of the time.
At Connah’s Quay, a gas-fired power station run by the German state-owned energy company Uniper on the Dee estuary in north Wales, four giant turbines, each capable of powering 300,000 homes, are fired up on demand when the grid needs them.
Energy boss: Remove policy costs from bills
Because renewables are intermittent, the UK will need to maintain and pay for a full gas network, even when renewables make up the majority of generation, and we use it a fraction of the time.
“The fundamental problem is we cannot store electricity in very large volumes, and so we have to have these plants ready to generate when customers need it,” says Michael Lewis, chief executive of Uniper.
“You’re paying for hundreds of hours when they are not used, but they’re still there and they’re ready to go at a moment’s notice.”
Image: Michael Lewis, chief executive of Uniper
He agrees that shifting away from gas will ultimately reduce costs, but there are measures the government can take in the short term.
“We have quite a lot of policy costs on our energy bills in the UK, for instance, renewables incentives, a warm home discount and other taxes. If we remove those from energy bills and put them into general taxation, that will have a big dampening effect on energy prices, but fundamentally it is about gas.”
The chancellor is understood to be considering a range of options to cut bills in the short term, including shifting some policy costs and green levies from bills into general taxation, as well as cutting VAT.
Stubbornly high energy bills have already fractured the political consensus on net zero among the major parties.
Under Kemi Badenoch, the Conservatives have reversed a policy introduced by Theresa May. Shadow energy secretary Claire Coutinho, who held the post in the last Conservative government, explained why: “Net zero is now forcing people to make decisions which are making people poorer. And that’s not what people signed up to.
“So when it comes to energy bills, we know that they’re going up over the next five years to pay for green levies.
“We are losing jobs to other countries, industry is going, and that not only is a bad thing for our country, but it also is a bad thing for climate change.”
Image: Claire Coutinho tells Sky News net zero is ‘making people poorer’
Reform UK, meanwhile, have made opposition to net zero a central theme.
“No more renewables,” says Reform’s deputy leader Richard Tice. “They’ve been a catastrophe… that’s the reason why we’ve got the highest electricity prices in the developed world because of the scandal and the lies told about renewables.
“They haven’t made our energy cheaper, they haven’t brought down the bills.”
Mr Shanks says his opponents are wrong and insists renewables remain the only long-term choice: “The cost of subsidy is increasing because of the global cost of building things, but it’s still significantly cheaper than it would be to build gas.
“And look, there’s a bigger argument here, that we’re all still paying the price of the volatility of fossil fuels. And in the past 50 years, more than half of the economic shocks this country’s faced have been the direct result of fossil fuel crises across the world.”
Housing Secretary Steve Reed wants Britain to “build, baby, build” towards the government’s flagship 1.5 million homes target by the next election. But housebuilding in England has slowed to its lowest level in nine years, with the number of homes built falling by 6% to 208,600 in the year to March 2025.
A combination of rising building costs and weakening house prices has left “half of the country unviable (for development projects) and the other half of the country unaffordable”, Steve Turner, executive director of the Home Builders Federation (HBF), told Sky News.
Ambitions for affordability are competing with high safety and design standards, which have been pushing up costs.
The government acknowledges housing delivery has not reached required levels – but maintains building will ramp up as their policies come into effect.
Since the election, 275,000 homes have been delivered to date, compared to the 400,000 that would have needed to be on track for 1.5 million homes.
“Additional housing is now at around 200,000 homes a year and is at best flatlining. We’re still some way away from where the government wants to get to, to meet the nation’s housing need,” Mr Turner said.
The rising price of materials and labour have contributed to the increase in the cost of building homes in recent years – for example, the cost of bricks and clay products increased by over 26% in the year to August 2023.
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At the same time, higher interest rates since 2022 have increased the cost of financing development, in addition to weakening buyer demand, as mortgage rates have soared.
As a result, the sales value of homes has not kept pace, eating into profit margins in a trap described as the “jaws of death” by housing developers.
While the cost of building homes has increased by just under 13% on average since September 2022, house prices have increased by less than 3% on average across Britain, while flat prices in London have decreased by 0.5%.
The government is currently consulting on emergency measures to “get spades in the ground” in London after the number of new homes starting construction in the capital plummeted to just 4,000 in the latest year to June 2025 – a fraction of the area’s 81,000 building target.
These include a funding package and temporary reductions in affordable housing targets from 35% to 20%, as well as relief from some levies.
Housebuilders have also faced increased costs from updated building design standards introduced from 2022 onwards, including fire safety rules mandating a second fire escape stairwell for tall buildings, and regulations to improve energy efficiency, ventilation, and electric vehicle infrastructure.
The greatest impact is in London. High-rise housing is more common, and additional Greater London Authority regulations require more affordable housing and additional requirements such as “dual aspect” design.
A recent report by Savills estate agency and property developers Ballymore estimates that delivering homes in Greater London now costs 10-15% more than elsewhere, thanks to these requirements.
Property developers told Sky News that new building and fire safety regulations add costs of around £21,500 per home for a two-bedroom flat in London, while community infrastructure levies add £12,000 on average and can be as high as £50,000 in some areas. New costs – a 4% residential development tax and a building safety levy costing between £1,500 and £3,500 per home – are expected to be added in the near future.
“The viability of sites is very, very strained and is snuffing out general supply of new homes from the UK’s housing pipeline,” Nick Cuff, managing director of real estate advisory and development business Urban Sketch, told Sky News.
“We’re just not funding these things properly, and we’re asking the private sector to pick up the bill in almost all cases. We are effectively seeing a cessation in development activity because it cannot support the requirements that government is placing on it now. And that’s why the numbers have dropped off a cliff in the last two years,” he added.
Affordable social housing is mostly built by private developers through a cross-subsidy model, which requires private housebuilding to be viable as well.
While some are hoping for emergency measures in London to be made permanent, others are wary of a race to the bottom.
“If at the first test, you pull back on the [affordable homes] target, what message are you sending? It must be temporary – we need to see if it does then move the market,” Rachael Williamson, director of policy, communications and external affairs at the Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH), told Sky News.
“We’ve got to manage the tension [between safety and costs] without saying ‘let’s cut corners’. History tells us where you get to with that,” she added.
Outside of London
Though these issues have been particularly fraught in London, the rest of the country also faces significant challenges.
Analysis by online property portal Zoopla finds it is now not viable to build in just under half of England, on the basis that the sales value of homes is less than the total cost of delivering a new home.
The analysis excludes figures for London, though research firm Molior separately found that housebuilding in half of London would be unviable even if housing and infrastructure contribution requirements were completely removed.
They also found that those areas where building is viable are the areas where people were less likely to be able to afford to buy, creating a mismatch between supply and demand.
The viability to develop new homes is better in the south of England, where new build prices are among the most unaffordable for buyers.
Although planning reforms have been “very positive”, Mr Turner said it only addresses one side of the equation, and that the government “needs to find a way to support buyers, which will then create confidence with house builders that ultimately they can sell the product they deliver”.
There is currently no suggestion that the government intends to revive a version of the Help to Buy scheme, which critics have argued contributed to increasing house prices and reducing affordability in the long run.
Long-term planning needed
Speculation around the upcoming budget has also added to uncertainty, and developers have called on the government to rethink proposed landfill tax changes, which would further add to building costs.
“We’ve definitely seen an increase in regulation over the last few years. Often very well-meaning regulation, but which can hinder the viability of sites and developments,” a spokesperson for the homebuilder Barratt Redrow told Sky News.
“We buy land on the basis of the costs of construction, including the regulatory burden, at the time, and obviously, if four years later, when we’ve got planning permission, it’s more expensive to build, then that is going to have an impact on whether it makes financial sense to go ahead with the development,
“As an industry and also as a business, we’re not against the right sort of regulation, but it’s important we’ve got long-term certainty because the process of buying land and building houses is so long and involves such risk,” he added.
Image: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government Steve Reed. Pic: PA
Housing Secretary Steve Reed said: “Today’s statistics show, in the clearest terms yet, the extent of the housing crisis we inherited and are now fixing.
“We took over a planning system that blocked rather than built, and high inflation and soaring construction costs that created a perfect storm holding back housebuilding.
“Our 1.5 million homes target is not just a number – it’s a way to give children a secure home, for young people finally to move out and enjoy independence, and for working families to have a place to call their own.
“We have already taken down the barriers that stopped this country from building, overhauled the planning system and pumped record investment into social housing. This will bring about the change we need to end the housing crisis by getting spades in the ground wherever homes are needed most.”
Development ‘hit by a perfect storm of costs’
A spokesperson for the Mayor of London said: “Through the London Plan, the mayor has been able to set the highest housing design standards relative to other parts of the country, and these standards have supported the delivery of high-quality homes in London
“However, London needs more sites coming forward to meet the capital’s housing needs, and development has been hit by a perfect storm of costs from national policy and wider economic conditions that disproportionately affects London.
“Through our proposed changes to London Plan design guidance, we are hoping to reduce the barriers to housebuilding and introduce flexibility so that planning policies are applied in line with their original intent – helping to bring developments forward. These measures will help to unblock stalled building sites, giving the mayor stronger levers to approve homes and bring forward thousands of homes more quickly.”
The Data x Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.