Children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) from poorer families are being left behind, a report into England’s education system warns.
The Sutton Trust, a social mobility charity, said they are battling both their additional needs and a system stacked against those without money or influence.
More than 1.7 million children in England have been identified with SEND, an increase of 5.6% in the past year.
And children from low-income households are over-represented in the system.
Among those with an Education, Health and Care (EHC) plan, a legally binding document outlining tailored support, 43.8% are eligible for free school meals, compared with 25.7% nationally.
Yet wealthier parents are far more likely to secure an EHC for their child.
The Sutton Trust report stated 41% of middle class parents of a child with SEND secured a special school place, compared with only 25% of working class parents of a SEND child.
‘Arduous process’
One mother, Tiya Currie, described the emotional and financial toll of trying to secure support for her young son.
“We faced constant dismissal and neglect from professionals in both healthcare and education,” she told Sky News.
“I ultimately had to seek private help to get a diagnosis. After spending almost £20,000, in addition to the loss of income and two years of my life, we won our tribunal case.
“My son, Arun, was then placed in a mainstream school with a DLD (developmental language disorder) specialist resource unit.
“I left my career, deferred his school entry, and funded private speech and language therapy while navigating the arduous EHC process.”
Image: More than 1.7 million children in England have been identified with SEND. Pic: iStock
Her story is echoed by hundreds of parents surveyed for the Sutton Trust, who described a complex and unequal system that favours those with time, money, and confidence.
The report found 65% of working class parents spent nothing on their EHC applications, while 11% of middle class parents spent more than £5,000 on private assessments, consultants and legal advice.
Those with resources are also more likely to win appeals and secure special school placements.
‘Huge emotional and financial cost’
Ms Ali, a parent of a child with SEND, told Sky News: “We were left with no choice, after what felt like a battle of egos, but to go to tribunal.
“The process came at a huge emotional and financial cost with legal fees and specialist reports exceeding £10,000 just to secure the support my son was legally entitled to.”
The research also shows children with SEND who are eligible for free school meals consistently achieve lower exam results. Only 7.5% of those with EHC plans secured a grade 4 or higher in English and maths last year, compared with 17.3% of their more affluent peers with the same support.
Sir Peter Lampl, founder of the Sutton Trust, said the findings expose a system “that was meant to level the playing field but is now widening it”.
“Families with fewer resources are being left to fight an impossible battle,” he said. “SEND support should not depend on a parent’s income.”
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3:49
Complaints over special education needs soar
The Trust is calling for urgent reform, including simpler EHC applications, shorter wait times for diagnosis, and more consistent identification of SEND across schools and local authorities.
Daniel Kebede, general secretary of the National Education Union, said “chronic underfunding” had “exacerbated existing inequalities”.
He added: “It is especially unfair that children with SEND from low-income families face this double whammy of disadvantage.”
What’s the government doing about it?
The minister for school standards, Georgia Gould MP, said the report highlights “the stark inequalities and poor outcomes facing SEND families, under the system this government inherited”.
“We’re committed to cementing a system that delivers for all families and not just the lucky few, which is why we’re engaging with children and parents from a range of backgrounds as we develop plans to ensure all children get the outcomes and life chances they deserve,” she added.
She cited improved teacher training, £740m for additional specialist school places, and earlier intervention for speech and language needs.
The charity’s report surveyed 4,008 parents, 1,273 of whom had a child with SEND.
A Royal Navy patrol ship has intercepted two Russian vessels off the UK coast, the Ministry of Defence has said.
It comes after Defence Secretary John Healey announced last Wednesday that lasers from Russian spy ship the Yantar were directed at RAF pilots tracking it, in an attempt to disrupt the monitoring.
The MoD said on Sunday that in a “round-the-clock shadowing operation”, the Royal Navy ship HMS Severn has intercepted Russian warship RFN Stoikiy and tanker Yelnya off the UK coast in the past fortnight.
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Russian ship ‘directed lasers at our pilots’
The Russian vessels sailed through the Dover Strait and westward through the English Channel, the MoD said.
HMS Severn later handed over monitoring duties to a NATO ally off the coast of Brittany, France, it said, but continued to watch from a distance and remained ready to respond to any unexpected activity.
The ministry added that the UK’s armed forces are on patrol “from the English Channel to the High North” amid increased Russian activity threatening UK waters.
At a news conference in Downing Street on Wednesday, Mr Healey said the spy ship was on the edge of British waters north of Scotland, having entered wider UK waters over the last few weeks.
He said it was the second time this year the Yantar had been deployed off the UK coast and he claimed it was “designed for gathering intelligence and mapping our undersea cables”.
Image: HMS Severn tracking of Russian corvette RFN Stoikiy and tanker Yelnya off the UK coast. Pic: MoD
Mr Healey said the ship had “directed lasers” at pilots of a P-8 surveillance aircraft monitoring its activities – a Russian action he deemed “deeply dangerous”.
In a clear message to Russian President Vladimir Putin, the defence secretary said: “We see you. We know what you are doing. And we are ready.”
The ministry said while tracking the Yantar, Royal Navy frigate HMS Somerset and other civilian ships in the area “experienced GPS jamming in a further demonstration of unprofessional behaviour, intended to be disruptive and a nuisance”.
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What is Russian spy ship up to?
Russia’s UK embassy dismissed the accusations and insisted the Yantar is a research ship in international waters.
The defence secretary also repeated government plans to increase defence spending and work with NATO allies to bolster European security.
And he stressed how plans to buy weapons and build arms factories will create jobs and economic growth.
Image: HMS Somerset flanking Russian ship the Yantar near UK waters on 22 January 2025. File pic: Royal Navy/PA
A report by a group of MPs, also released on Wednesday, underlined the scale of the challenge the UK faces.
It accused the government of lacking a national plan to defend itself from attack.
The Defence Select Committee also warned that Mr Healey, the prime minister and the rest of the cabinet are moving at a “glacial” pace to fix the issue and are failing to launch a “national conversation on defence and security” – something Sir Keir Starmer had promised last year.
Image: Russian ship the Yantar transiting through the English Channel. File pic: MoD
The UK has seen a 30% increase in Russian vessels threatening UK waters in the past two years, according to the MoD.
But the ministry maintained the UK has a wide range of military options at its disposal to keep UK waters safe.
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Three RAF P-8 Poseidon aircraft have deployed to Keflavik Air Base in Iceland in the largest overseas deployment of the RAF P-8 fleet so far, the MoD said.
They are conducting surveillance operations as part of NATO’s collective defence, patrolling for Russian ships and submarines in the North Atlantic and Arctic.
The operations come just weeks after HMS Duncan tracked the movements of Russian destroyer Vice Admiral Kulakov, and frigate HMS Iron Duke was dispatched to monitor Russian Kilo-class submarine Novorossiysk.
West Midlands Police has defended the ban on Maccabi Tel Aviv fans attending an Aston Villa match after it was claimed that false intelligence was used.
Supporters of the Israeli club were barred from the Europa League fixture at Villa Park on 6 November.
West Midlands Police chief superintendent Tom Joyce told Sky News before the game that a “section” of Maccabi’s fanbase engaged in “quite significant levels of hooliganism”.
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‘Hooliganism’ blamed for Maccabi Tel Aviv ban
According to The Sunday Times, West Midlands Police claimed in a confidential dossier that when Maccabi played Ajax in Amsterdam last year, Israeli fans threw “innocent members of the public into the river”, and added that between 500 and 600 supporters had “intentionally targeted Muslim communities”.
The report also said 5,000 Dutch police officers had been deployed in response.
However, the Netherlands’ national police force has questioned the claims, reportedly describing information cited by its British officers as “not true” and in some instances obviously inaccurate.
Sebastiaan Meijer, a spokesman for the Amsterdam division, told The Sunday Times that he was “surprised” by allegations in the West Midlands Police report, which had linked 200 travelling supporters to the Israel Defence Forces (IDF).
Mr Meijer denied that his force had such intelligence, adding that the claim was meaningless given the country had a policy of conscription.
Also, Mr Meijer said that Amsterdam’s force “does not recognise” the claim in the British report, attributed to Dutch law enforcement, that Israelis were “highly organised, skilled fighters with a serious desire and will to fight with police and opposing groups”.
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Heavy police presence for Aston Villa v Maccabi Tel Aviv
The Dutch police added that the only known case of a fan being in the river appeared to involve a Maccabi supporter. While being filmed, he was told he could leave the water on the condition that he said “Free Palestine”.
In an interview with Sky News before the game, West Midlands Police referenced disorder when Maccabi played Ajax in Amsterdam last November.
Mr Joyce said ahead of the Villa Park match: “We’ve had examples where a section of Maccabi fans were targeting people not involved in football matches, and certainly we had an incident in Amsterdam last year which has informed some of our decision-making.
“So it is exclusively a decision we made on the basis of the behaviour of a sub-section of Maccabi fans, but all the reaction that could occur obviously formed part of that as well.”
Image: Pro-Israel supporters are led away from Villa Park before a Europa League tie on 6 November. Pic: PA
Maccabi’s visit to Birmingham came amid heightened tensions due to Israel’s war on Hamas in Gaza.
A safety advisory group (SAG) recommended that Maccabi fans should be banned from attending the fixture on the advice of the police. The ban drew criticism, and Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said it was the “wrong decision”.
Image: Mounted police outside Villa Park for the game. Pic: PA
West Midland Police’s statement in full
Following The Sunday Times report, West Midlands Police stood by its “information and intelligence”, adding that the “Maccabi Fanatics… posed a credible threat to safety”.
In a statement to Sky News, the force said: “West Midlands Police’s evaluation was based primarily on information and intelligence and had public safety at its heart.
“We assessed the fixture between Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv in Amsterdam as having involved significant public disorder.
“We met with Dutch police on 1 October, where information relating to that 2024 fixture was shared with us.
“Informed by information and intelligence, we concluded that Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters – specifically the subgroup known as the Maccabi Fanatics – posed a credible threat to public safety.
“The submission made to the SAG safety advisory group was based on information and intelligence which helped shape understanding of the risks.
“West Midlands Police commissioned a peer review, which was conducted by UKFPU [United Kingdom Policing Unit], the NPCC [National Police Chiefs’ Council] and subject matter experts.
“This review, carried out on 20 October, fully endorsed the force’s approach and decision-making.
“We are satisfied that the policing strategy and operational plan was effective, proportionate, and maintained the city’s reputation as a safe and welcoming place for everyone.”
The watch, which had remained in the couple’s family, was sold at Henry Aldridge & Son Auctioneers in Devizes, Wiltshire.
The £1.78m for the item is the highest amount ever paid for Titanic memorabilia, according to the company.
A letter written by Mrs Straus on Titanic stationery and posted while onboard the ship fetched £100,000.
The previous record was set last year when another gold pocket watch presented to the captain of a boat that rescued over 700 passengers from the liner sold for £1.56m.