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A “clear” fall in global greenhouse gas emissions is on the near horizon for the first time, the United Nations (UN) has said, after governments including Britain published new plans on how to cut their climate impact.

Despite years of UN negotiations, emissions soared to record highs last year – driving the hottest global temperatures on record, extreme wildfires in Brazil, and flooding in Valencia.

But new pledges from the likes of China, India and the EU are due to cut emissions by 10% by 2035, compared with 2019 levels, according to the UN’s climate chief.

But the drop could end up being lower, as the analysis includes a US plan published in the final hours of the Biden presidency, which Donald Trump has abandoned.

A significant fall is expected, nonetheless, as countries like China are aiming to overdeliver on their pledges.

“Humanity is now clearly bringing emissions down for the first time, although still not nearly fast enough,” UN climate change chief Simon Stiell wrote on social media on Tuesday.

The fall in emissions is aided by the dramatic and rapid rollout of solar and wind power, which this year provided more electricity than coal did for the first time.

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Renewables overtake coal for the first time

‘Need for speed’

The plans are the homework countries are required to produce to show how they will fulfil their part of the bargain under the Paris Agreement struck in 2015.

The landmark accord aims to limit global warming to ideally 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.

This would require emissions to fall by 60% by 2035, far greater than the approximately 10% the UN forecast today.

“While the direction of travel is improving every year, we have a serious need for more speed,” added Mr Stiell in a separate statement.

“The science is equally clear that temperatures absolutely can and must be brought back down to 1.5C as quickly as possible after any temporary overshoot.”

COP must ‘send clear signal’

Warnings that the world has blown its chances of limiting warming to 1.5C have been growing louder.

Last week, the UK’s climate advisers advised the government to prepare for 2C of warming by 2050.

The new climate plans paint a difficult picture for the UN’s annual climate summit, COP30, which is due to start in Brazil next month.

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The so-called “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) show wildly different levels of commitment between those greasing the wheels of global climate efforts and those throwing sand in the gears.

Many countries missed the deadline or produced half-baked versions.

Mr Stiell said COP30 must “send a clear signal” that countries are “still fully on board for climate cooperation, because it works, but must work faster, and that means achieving concrete and strong outcomes on all key issues”.

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Ukraine war: Putin rejects peace deal after meeting Trump’s team – and telling Europe he’s ready for war

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Ukraine war: Putin rejects peace deal after meeting Trump's team - and telling Europe he's ready for war

Talks between US negotiators and Vladimir Putin about Ukraine were “productive” but there was no breakthrough, according to Russian officials.

Donald Trump sent special envoy Steve Witkoff and his own son-in-law, Jared Kushner, to Tuesday’s summit in Moscow.

They were pictured in Red Square prior to the summit and Mr Witkoff later told a smiling Mr Putin that Moscow was a “magnificent city”.

Shortly before the summit, the Russian president warned his country was ready to fight if Europe wanted a war.

Analysis: Why Putin won’t agree to latest peace plan

Russian foreign policy aide Yuri Ushakov and investment envoy Kirill Dmitriev were involved in the talks, which lasted over five fours and ended after midnight.

Both sides agreed not to disclose precise details, but in a one-word social media post, Mr Dmitriev described the meeting as “productive”.

Mr Ushakov called it “rather useful, constructive” and asked whether peace was closer or further, he commented: “Not further, that’s for sure”.

However, he said a compromise hadn’t been reached on the issue of territories and that the Kremlin sees “no resolution to the crisis” without one.

Russia wants the whole of the Donbas region – even the parts it does not hold – but Ukraine has balked at the prospect.

Mr Ushakov said there was “still a lot of work to be done, both in Washington and in Moscow” and that “contacts will continue”.

The two sides were joined by translators. Pic: Sputnik/AP
Image:
The two sides were joined by translators. Pic: Sputnik/AP

Pic: Reuters
Image:
Pic: Reuters

Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff were joined by Kirill Dmitriev (2nd right) and Yuri Ushakov (left). Pic: Reuters
Image:
Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff were joined by Kirill Dmitriev (2nd right) and Yuri Ushakov (left). Pic: Reuters

The meeting took place after an initial 28-point US peace plan was leaked and alarmed European officials, who said it heavily favoured Russia.

An “updated and refined peace framework” was formulated after talks between Europe, the US, and Ukraine in Geneva last month, but Mr Putin has indicated he will not accept it.

Putin: Europe on the side of war

Earlier on Tuesday, Mr Putin said Russia was ready to fight if Europe wanted a war.

The Russian president accused European powers of changing peace proposals for Ukraine with “demands” that Russia considered “absolutely unacceptable”.

Mr Putin said the Europeans were “on the side of war”.

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Putin ‘lashes out’ at Europe

“We’re not planning to go to war with Europe, I’ve said that a hundred times,” he said following an investment forum.

“But if Europe suddenly wants to fight us and starts, we’re ready right now. There can be no doubt about that.”

“If Europe suddenly wants to start a war with us and does, then a situation could very quickly arise in which we have no one to negotiate with,” he added.

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Putin trying to frighten US away from Europe with war remarks

Zelenskyy in Dublin

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was in Dublin on Tuesday to meet Ireland’s prime minister and president.

During the trip, Mr Zelenskyy said he was ready to meet Mr Trump again, but it would depend on how successful the Moscow talks were.

He said the chances of ending the war were “better now than ever” but warned there would be “no easy decisions” and there must be “no games behind Ukraine’s back”.

President Zelenskyy had a guard of honour in Dublin. Pic: Reuters
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President Zelenskyy had a guard of honour in Dublin. Pic: Reuters

Calling it “one of the most challenging but optimistic moments” since Russia invaded in 2022, he said the US was “taking serious steps to end this war one way or another”.

He admitted “some things still need to be worked out” and said a “decent, dignified peace” was needed.

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President Zelenskyy, his wife Olena, and Irish President Catherine Connolly. Pic: Reuters
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President Zelenskyy, his wife Olena, and Irish President Catherine Connolly. Pic: Reuters

The Irish government announced €100m (£88m) in non-lethal aid for Ukraine, “generosity” for which Mr Zelenskyy said Ukraine was grateful.

It brings the total in non-lethal military aid provided to Ukraine this year to €200m (£176m).

The funding is part of a new Ireland-Ukraine partnership, which builds on an agreement signed last year.

It includes €25m (£22m) for the restoration and protection of energy infrastructure and a scheme to support training and other efforts as part of Ukraine’s path to EU accession, which Mr Zelenskyy said he hoped to achieve within five years.

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Why Putin won’t agree to latest Ukraine peace plan

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Why Putin won't agree to latest Ukraine peace plan

The Americans were given the full VIP treatment on their visit to Moscow. 

There was a motorcade from the airport, lunch at a Michelin-starred restaurant, and even a stroll around Red Square.

It felt like Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner were on more of a tourist trail than the path to peace.

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Trump’s envoys walk around Moscow

They finally got down to business in the Kremlin more than six hours after arriving in Russia. And by that point, it was already clear that the one thing they had come to Moscow for wasn’t on offer: Russia’s agreement to their latest peace plan.

According to Vladimir Putin, it’s all Europe’s fault. While his guests were having lunch, he was busy accusing Ukraine’s allies of blocking the peace process by imposing demands that are unacceptable to Russia.

The Europeans, of course, would say it’s the other way round.

But where there was hostility to Europe, only hospitality to the Americans – part of Russia’s strategy to distance the US from its NATO allies, and bring them back to Moscow’s side.

Vladimir Putin and Steve Witkoff shaking hands in August. AP file pic
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Vladimir Putin and Steve Witkoff shaking hands in August. AP file pic

Putin thinks he’s winning…

Russia wants to return to the 28-point plan that caved in to its demands. And it believes it has the right to because of what’s happening on the battlefield.

It’s no coincidence that on the eve of the US delegation’s visit to Moscow, Russia announced the apparent capture of Pokrovsk, a key strategic target in the Donetsk region.

It was a message designed to assert Russian dominance, and by extension, reinforce its demands rather than dilute them.

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‘Everyone must be on this side of peace’

…and believes US-Russian interests are aligned

The other reason I think Vladimir Putin doesn’t feel the need to compromise is because he believes Moscow and Washington want the same thing: closer US-Russia relations, which can only come after the war is over.

It’s easy to see why. Time and again in this process, the US has defaulted to a position that favours Moscow. The way these negotiations are being conducted is merely the latest example.

With Kyiv, the Americans force the Ukrainians to come to them – first in Geneva, then Florida.

As for Moscow, it’s the other way around. Witkoff is happy to make the long overnight journey, and then endure the long wait ahead of any audience with Putin.

It all gives the impression that when it comes to Russia, the US prefers to placate rather than pressure.

According to the Kremlin, both Russia and the US have agreed not to disclose the details of yesterday’s talks in Moscow.

I doubt Volodymyr Zelenskyy is filled with hope.

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Pope Leo urges Donald Trump not to try to oust Venezuelan president by force

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Pope Leo urges Donald Trump not to try to oust Venezuelan president by force

The Pope has urged Donald Trump not to try to oust Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro using military force.

Leo, the first American pontiff, said it would be better to attempt dialogue or impose economic pressure on Venezuela if Washington wants to pursue change there.

The Trump administration has been weighing options to combat what it has portrayed as Mr Maduro’s role in supplying illegal drugs that have killed Americans.

The socialist Venezuelan president has denied having any links to the illegal drug trade.

Pope Leo XIV aboard a flight to Rome. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Pope Leo XIV aboard a flight to Rome. Pic: Reuters

Asked during a news conference about President Trump’s threats to remove Mr Maduro by force, the Pope said: “It is better to search for ways of dialogue, or perhaps pressure, including economic pressure.”

He added that Washington should search for other ways to achieve change “if that is what they want to do in the United States”.

The Pope was speaking as he flew home from a visit to Turkey and Lebanon – his first overseas trip in the role.

Mr Maduro has said Venezuelans are ready to defend their country as the US considers a land attack.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro in Caracas. Pic: Reuters
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Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro in Caracas. Pic: Reuters

The president held a rally in Caracas amid heightened tensions with Mr Trump’s administration, which has been targeting what it says are boats carrying drug smugglers.

Mr Trump met his national security team on Monday evening, having warned last week that land strikes would start “very soon”.

It’s not been confirmed what was discussed at the meeting, but White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters: “There’s many options at the president’s disposal that are on the table – and I’ll let him speak on those.”

US forces have carried out at least 21 strikes on boats it claims were carrying narcotics to its shores over the last few months.

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‘The president has a right to take them out’

Mr Maduro – widely considered a dictator by the West – said on Monday that Venezuelans are ready “to defend [the country] and lead it to the path of peace”.

“We have lived through 22 weeks of aggression that can only be described as psychological terrorism,” he said.

Venezuela has said the boat attacks, which have killed more than 80 people, amount to murder – and that Mr Trump’s true motivation is to oust Mr Maduro and access its oil.

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