The term “vibe coding” has been named the Collins Word of the Year for 2025, beating contenders like “clanker”, “glaze” and “aura farming”.
Vibe coding refers to an emerging software development process that turns natural language into computer code using AI.
The term, coined in February by Andrej Karpathy, former director of AI at Tesla and a founding engineer at OpenAI, essentially outlines how a person can now prioritise describing what they need to AI so it can generate code on their behalf, rather than writing code line-by-line themselves.
Lexicographers at Collins monitor the Collins Corpus, a 24 billion-word database which draws from a range of media sources, including social media, to create the annual list of new and notable words.
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Vibe coding was in close contention with “clanker” – a derogatory term for computers, robots, or sources of AI, often used on social media to express frustrations and distrust in AI chatbots and platforms, and “glaze” – to praise or flatter someone excessively or undeservedly.
Other popular terms considered were “aura farming” – the practice of trying to look cool through the deliberate cultivation of a distinctive and charismatic persona, and “broligarchy” – referring to the owners of the biggest global technology companies, informally known as “tech bros”.
• Biohacking – also referred to as “do-it-yourself biology”. This describes the activity of altering the natural processes of one’s body in an attempt to enhance physical wellbeing and extend lifespan.
• Micro-retirement – a term often used by Gen Z and millennials to describe taking a break between periods of employment in order to pursue personal interests.
• Coolcation – a holiday in a place with a cool climate, as temperatures soar where they live or where they typically spent their holidays.
• Taskmasking – the act of giving a false impression that one is being productive in the workplace.
• HENRY – an acronym for “high earner, not rich yet”. Refers to someone who has a large income but hasn’t saved a lot.
What are the previous Words of the Year?
Collins’ top words of the year can leave some feeling culturally informed and others completely out of touch.
Here are the previous Collins words going back 10 years – how many do you recognise?
2015: Binge-watch – defined as viewing more than three episodes of a series in one day.
2016: Brexit – the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union.
2017: Fake news – defined as “false, often sensational, information disseminated under the guise of news reporting,” it has remained one of Donald Trump’s catchphrases during his second term.
2018: Single-use – popularised by the increasing call to ban materials that damage the environment and pollute the food chain.
2019: Climate strike – a form of protest popularised by activist Greta Thunberg, where demonstrators skip work or school to raise awareness of climate change.
2020: Lockdown – chosen in the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Collins defined lockdown as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces”.
2021: NFT – the abbreviation for non-fungible token – clinched the top spot. In case you still don’t get it, an NFT is a unique digital identifier that records ownership of a digital creation asset. This can be a picture, a video, a piece of music or even a tweet.
2022: Permacrisis – defined as “an extended period of instability and insecurity,” this one came during the year the Ukraine war began, the cost-of-living crisis worsened significantly and political tensions increased.
2023: AI – the abbreviation of artificial intelligence took the top spot, with AI becoming the dominant conversation worldwide after ChatGPT was launched in November 2022.
2024: Brat – popularised by British singer Charli XCX, brat took on a new meaning last year as a lifestyle “characterised by a confident, independent, and hedonistic attitude”.
One of the two prisoners mistakenly freed from HMP Wandsworth has handed himself in.
William “Billy” Smith, 35, was wrongly freed from the prison earlier this week but, after a three-day manhunt, Surrey Police have confirmed he handed himself in on Thursday.
Meanwhile, the search for sex offender Brahim Kaddour-Cherif continues. He was also mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth on 29 October.
Smith was sentenced to 45 months for multiple fraud offences at Croydon Crown Court on Monday, but was mistakenly released later the same day.
Sky News understands that his release came about because of a court error, telling the prison his custodial sentence was a suspended one instead.
A correction was initially sent to the wrong person, and by the time it got to the right place, he had left.
Surrey Police said: “We are cancelling our appeal to help find wanted 35-year-old William Smith who was released in error from HMP Wandsworth on Monday, November 3. Smith handed himself in to HMP Wandsworth today.”
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Smith seen waving and smiling
He was filmed returning to the prison by ITV News. Footage showed Smith waving and smiling as he approached the prison’s entrance, where he then spoke to staff.
“We’re modernising prison systems – replacing paper with digital tools to cut errors. We’re working with police to recapture Brahim Kaddour-Cherif.”
Image: Police are still looking for Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, who was also released in error. Pic: Met Police
Image: Footage capturing Kaddour-Cherif during his arrest on 9 September. Pic: Met Police
Justice minister Alex Davies-Jones said prison chiefs were being summoned for a meeting on Thursday and a team of digital experts had been tasked with overhauling the “archaic” paper-based system of prisoner records.
The Prison Governors’ Association (PGA) described releases in error as “neither rare nor hidden”, but said the scale of them was “deeply concerning”.
In total, 262 prisoners were released in error in the year leading up to March 2025.
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Ex-prisoner tells Sky News ‘it’s mental in there’
Hunt for second prisoner
The Metropolitan Police has continued to appeal to the public over the whereabouts of Kaddour-Cherif, 24, who the force believes is still in London just over a week after his release.
“He is believed to be in London and has links to Tower Hamlets and Westminster. If you see him, please call 999 immediately,” the Met said on social media.
A man who murdered a “Good Samaritan” by driving into the middle of a wedding brawl has been sentenced to 26 years in prison.
Hassan Jhangur has been jailed for murder after he ran into Chris Marriott, 46, in his car, leaving him trapped beneath.
Jhangur used his Seat Ibiza as a weapon after a fight between two families at his sister’s wedding reception on 27 December 2023.
He first drove into Riasat Khan, the father of Hasan Khan – the man who had just married Jhangur’s sister following a row between the families.
The impact threw him over the bonnet, then he crashed into a group of four people that included Mr Marriott.
Mr Marriott had stopped to help one of Jhangur’s sisters, who was lying in the road unconscious in the Burngreave area of Sheffield.
Off-duty midwife Alison Norris and Jhangur’s mother and sister were also injured, Sheffield Crown Court was told in July.
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Chris Marriott, pictured with partner Bryony, was killed by Hassan Jhangur.
Jhangur, 25, then got out of the car and stabbed his new brother-in-law Hasan several times in the head and chest.
The court heard Jhangur later told police: “That’s why you don’t mess with the Jhangurs.”
In July, he was found guilty of murdering Mr Marriott a year after another set of jurors failed to reach a verdict.
Jhangur was also found guilty of wounding his brother-in-law with intent but cleared of his attempted murder.
He was further convicted of four charges of GBH with intent, relating to Alison Norris, Ambreen Jhangur, Nafeesa Jhangur and Riasat Khan.
Today, the judge told him: “This was a deliberate and senseless act of hot-headed and wanton violence resulting in the tragic death of Chris Marriott and life-changing consequences for many others.”
Jhangur’s father, Mohammed Jhangur, 57, of Whiteways Road, Sheffield, was found guilty of perverting the course of justice after he concealed a knife.
Mr Marriott’s widow, Bryony Marriott, wiped away tears as she read a personal statement to the court about the father-of-two.
Image: Mohammed Jhangur. Pic: South Yorkshire Police
‘He had a compassionate heart and loved helping’
She said: “Chris was genuine, kind and loving. He was reliable, trustworthy, affectionate and gentle.”
Mrs Marriott added: “Chris was someone people felt comfortable and safe with, and was great at being a friend.
“Chris was a man of faith, and his love for God and for people shone through in what he devoted his time to.
“He had a compassionate heart and loved helping, supporting and empowering others.”
Expensive, noisy and eight years late, but the British Army finally has a new armoured fighting vehicle that troops could deploy to Ukraine in the event of any peace deal.
The nearly £10m Ajax – weighing more than 40 tonnes – is as heavy as a Russian tank and potentially vulnerable to cheap Russian drones.
Yet it is being billed by the UK as a “next generation” fighting machine, equipped with cameras, protective armour and a 40mm gun, with bullets that can rip through concrete.
Luke Pollard, the defence procurement minister, talked up the fleet’s potential while acknowledging that the £5.5bn procurement has had its issues.
This includes excessive noise and vibrations coming from the vehicles that left 17 soldiers requiring treatment for hearing loss.
“It is an incredible platform. It has got the ability to perform tasks that its predecessors could not,” the minister said, having just gone for a spin in an Ajax during a visit to a General Dynamics factory in Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales, where the vehicles are being assembled.
“After all the problems it may have had in the past, we have put those to bed now.”
Image: Luke Pollard says issues with the Ajax have been ‘put to bed’
The Ministry of Defence on Thursday declared what is known as initial operating capability for Ajax has been met.
It defined this as the ability to deploy a squadron of 27 vehicles on operations from a pool of 50. The total number of delivered Ajax vehicles is 165.
They come in six variants, with the main type designed for reconnaissance and fighting.
The armyhas ordered a total of 589 of the various models, which it expects to receive by 2030.
It marks the first new armoured fighting vehicle to enter service in almost 30 years and is replacing ageing gear that dates back to the 1970s.
Image: The Ajax was demonstrated during this year’s British Army Expo. Pic: PA
Launched more than a decade and a half ago, the Ajax programme was meant to achieve its initial operating milestone in 2017, but this date has been repeatedly pushed back.
The most serious delay occurred when testing was paused after soldiers suffered hearing and other injuries because of loud noise and vibrations coming from the vehicles.
It is why anyone who uses Ajax today must wear specially secured hearing protection.
Image: Pic: Ministry of Defence
So, what’s it like?
Sky News was among a group of journalists that were invited to ride around on one of the vehicles at a test track on the factory grounds.
The vehicle is very loud – though soldiers said this would not impact its ability to conduct its primary mission of reconnaissance.
They said Ajax is fitted with clever cameras and sensors that can spot a target up to five miles (eight kilometres) away.
However, there is clearly the potential for enemy drones to detect the Ajax in return if it were pushing towards enemy territory in a warzone like Ukraine.
The vehicle’s armour is designed to protect against such a threat. But officials said the fleet has yet to be fitted with electronic countermeasures, even though this kind of equipment is fundamental for any operation in Ukraine to help jam enemy drones.
Image: Pic: Ministry of Defence
When could it be deployed to Ukraine?
The UK, France and a coalition of more than 30 allies have pledged to deploy to Ukraine to help secure the peace if Kyiv and Moscow agree to some kind of ceasefire – a goal Donald Trump has been trying to achieve, but one that seems vanishingly unlikely for now.
However, Mr Pollard signalled that Ajax could be in the mix of any British offering to the mission.
“We’re not yet setting out precisely what capabilities we would deploy to Ukraine in the event of peace, largely because we don’t know when that peace will come, and we keep our military units at a state of readiness, and we rotate through them,” he told Sky News.
“But when we have the ability to deploy incredibly capable platforms like Ajax and the brilliant men and women trained to use it to its fullest effect.
“There’s a clear opportunity for us to be able to enhance NATO’s capabilities on the eastern flank and any coalition of the willing deployment potentially in the future.”
Image: Lance Corporal of Horse Andrew Rawlinson says his squadron are ‘all good to go’ with the Ajax
Lance Corporal of Horse Andrew Rawlinson, 32, of the Household Cavalry Regiment, who is an Ajax commander, said he would be happy to deploy to Ukraine if asked.
“The squadron that I work in, they’re all good to go,” he said.
“We’ve been training on it now non-stop pretty much for a good two years to get to the IOC [initial operating capability] level and I think everyone’s content, knows their jobs and would be happy to roll out.”
Asked whether Russia should be worried, he said: “Yeah, sure.”