Photo by Monroe County Sheriff’s Department, via New York Times
Tesla has engaged in a pattern of taking credit for the successes of its Full Self-Driving (FSD) software, even though the car still relies on an attentive driver, and yet blaming the driver rather than the software whenever things go badly.
But new moves towards allowing more distracted driving could make it harder for the company to blame drivers when its software fails.
Tesla has been marketing some version of its Autopilot or FSD software since 2013. Ever since then, the company has made bold pronouncements about how rapidly the software would improve, stating almost continually that fully autonomous driving would come within a year.
Autopilot and FSD have changed definitions over time, with basic Autopilot initially being an option and now being included on most vehicles, and with FSD being an additional cost on top of that, at varying prices (costing up to $15,000 at one point).
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In general, Autopilot has promised to be a driver’s aid, while FSD has promised to allow the car to fully drive itself with no human intervention when the software is finally ready.
That fully autonomous ability has yet to be delivered, but Tesla’s software does continue to improve.
At first Autopilot was merely active on highways, as soft of a “smart cruise control” system. It could hold the car in a lane and track the speed of vehicles ahead and match them.
Over time the systems have gained more capabilities, including being able to follow the car’s navigation system and take highway interchanges on its own. And throughout all this time, colloquially Teslas have very often been referred to as “self-driving cars.”
FSD can now operate not just on highways, but on surface streets. It is possible to do certain drives without a human touching the steering wheel – but a driver must always be in the driver’s seat and paying attention to the road (and Tesla will monitor you to make sure you’re doing so).
A quick primer on autonomous drive systems
This is because both Autopilot and FSD, and every software version of them that has so far been released, fall under the same high-level classification of autonomous drive systems. They’re all “Level 2” drive systems, according to the SAE levels of driving automation.
All driving automation systems are ranked from level 0-5. With level 0-2 systems, drivers are responsible for everything the car does. With a level 3 system, the car can be considered responsible at some times, and with level 4 or 5 systems, the car is always responsible.
There is one level 3 system available in the US, Mercedes DRIVE PILOT, which can be used in narrow circumstances to let the car drive for you. And autonomous driverless taxis like Waymo are level 4 systems, with no driver but the ability only to operate in certain situations or areas (Tesla’s Robotaxi is purportedly similar to Waymo, but due to the presence of a “safety monitor,” it is arguably level 2, since an operator is still in the vehicle, just not in the driver’s seat).
But Tesla’s promises about FSD would put it squarely into the “level 5” category. CEO Elon Musk has repeatedly stated that FSD will eventually be able to drive the car across the country with nobody in it, such that your car could be in New York and you could ask it to come pick you up in Los Angeles. That ability has not yet been delivered though, so we’re still in level 2 territory.
Tesla likes to crow about FSD’s improvements
Tesla proclaims quite often that its FSD system is better than human drivers, and that its level of safety is increasing over time.
It often releases data showing the number of miles between crashes, comparing miles driven by humans and miles driven by FSD. In Tesla’s released numbers, miles driven by FSD are safer than those driven by humans.
That’s not the whole story though, because the data is somewhat cherry picked. A real study on safety would attempt to rule out extraneous variables that could influence the results, and as of yet, Tesla has not conducted a robust study of that manner (in contrast, Waymo has released multiplestudies conducted through outside entities).
There is also some difference between Tesla-provided numbers and third-party numbers, showing that Tesla’s “miles between interventions” is relatively low. This is thought of as a key indicator of how close a system is to being level 4-5 capable, as ideally a self-driving car should be able to go tens of thousands of miles without needing a human to come fix something.
And in fact, none of these numbers provided by Tesla ever describe just how safe FSD is on its own. All of them rely on the combined safety of both FSD and a human driver at the same time, as humans are required to be in the seat while operating the vehicle. When that human co-driver is moved to the passenger seat and called a safety monitor, safety numbers plummet.
So Tesla frames FSD data in a positive light, but what about when something bad happens?
Tesla blames drivers when its systems fail
When there’s an accident associated with its driver-assistance systems, Tesla will be the first to claim that it had nothing to do with it, and that the driver is at fault.
This is technically true. If FSD and Autopilot are level 2 systems, then the driver is responsible for everything the car is doing. And drivers must accept an agreement in the car before activating these systems acknowledging that they must pay attention to the road at all times and are responsible for what the car does even when the systems are activated.
So, for example, when a Florida driver on Autopilot drops his phone and blows through a stop sign, hitting a car which then hits two pedestrians, killing one, Tesla will claim “this driver was solely at fault.” In that case, a judge agreed that the driver was mostly at fault, but still assigned 33% of blame to Tesla, resulting in a $243 million judgment against the company.
Part of the reason that case was decided as it was was due to Musk’s constant statements about Autopilot and FSD’s abilities. After spending so many years talking up Tesla’s self-driving abilities, it is common for drivers and the general public to think that Tesla cars “drive themselves.” But Tesla said that those statements shouldn’t have been heard at the case at all, again wanting to make this failure about the driver, not about Autopilot.
The judgment was also influenced by Tesla’s withholding of data, which tracks with the company’s aforementioned refusal to submit its FSD data to robust outside scientific study.
So we have a contradiction here: when Tesla’s systems do well, Tesla takes all the credit, even though there’s a driver in the driver’s seat. But when they do poorly, Tesla does what it can to obscure causes or to blame drivers (who, to be fair, are still tasked with operating the vehicle, despite Musk’s many hopeful statements about self-driving). It’s Schrödinger’s FSD: responsible when Tesla wants it to be, but not when Tesla doesn’t want it to be.
But that might change going forward.
Tesla’s move away from driver monitoring could open it up to more liability
So, Tesla has heretofore managed to dodge responsibility for many of FSD’s problems by alleging that the driver is responsible at all times. And it’s not wrong to point this out.
However, at this week’s shareholder meeting, Musk stated that Tesla may allow “texting and driving” within “a month or two.”
What he seemed to be referring to is Tesla’s in-car driver monitoring system, which tracks driver attention using a camera near the rear-view mirror. If the system notices that you’re looking away from the road for too long, it will warn you and then deactivate FSD and make you take over driving for yourself, to ensure you’re doing your job as a driver.
Musk said that the issue with this is that many people want to text and drive anyway, and so will turn off FSD so they can send a text, then turn it back on after the fact. Musk alleges that it would be safer for those drivers to text and drive with FSD on than having it off, so Tesla might as well go ahead and update the software to allow for this soon.
But an unintended consequence of this could be that future court cases could use Tesla’s overconfidence in this matter against the company, claiming that it wasn’t doing its job to ensure driver attention. Despite claiming that drivers are always in control of the vehicle, Musk has now told drivers that it’s okay to take their eyes off the road – and the car won’t do anything to stop you from doing so, either.
And as we saw in the Florida case, Musk’s public statements were a part of the case. So Musk’s now-overconfidence about letting drivers text and drive could certainly show up in a courtroom in the future.
The use of driver monitoring for court cases is also of specific interest to Musk, as in the past he has floated the idea that Tesla should spy on drivers with the in-car camera and use those recordings to prevail in Autopilot crash cases. Tesla’s lawyers shut this idea down at the time.
But now, moving forward, that doesn’t even matter. The CEO has stated that cars will be updated supposedly within a month or two to allow you to look away from the road. There would be no purpose to recording drivers for lack of attention, because Tesla will supposedly allow drivers to look away freely.
And even if drivers agree to always pay attention, if Tesla is giving them features that specifically encourage them not to, and those features are framed explicitly by the CEO to encourage illegal eyes-off-road activity, we think the company might have a much harder time playing its “Schrödinger’s FSD” game in court going forward.
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In central Kentucky, Ford plans to build a dedicated battery manufacturing complex with SK Innovation – the $5.8 billion BlueOvalSK Battery Park – creating 5,000 jobs. Twin battery plants on the site are intended to supply Ford’s North American assembly plants with locally assembled batteries for powering next-generation electric Ford and Lincoln vehicles. Concept designs. Final design subject to change.
In a massive shakeup for the US electric vehicle supply chain, Ford and South Korean battery giant SK On announced today that they are ending their massive “BlueOval SK” joint venture.
The two companies will effectively split the custody of the three massive battery factories they were building together, with Ford taking the Kentucky site and SK On taking the Tennessee site.
Back in 2021, Ford and SK Innovation (SK On’s parent) announced a massive $11.4 billion investment to build three battery gigafactories in the US: two in Kentucky and one in Tennessee. It was, at the time, the single largest manufacturing investment in Ford’s 118-year history.
The idea was to create a vertically integrated battery supply chain for Ford’s next-generation electric trucks and SUVs.
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But today, SK confirmed reports that they are dissolving the JV structure entirely.
According to the announcement, Ford will take full ownership of the two battery plants in Kentucky. One of these plants had already begun initial operations earlier this year, while the second is still under construction.
SK On, meanwhile, will take full ownership of the BlueOval City battery plant in Tennessee.
Ford acknowledged the announcement from SK, but it refused to comment:
We are aware of SK’s disclosure and we have nothing further to share at this time.
The South Korean battery maker was surprisingly candid about the reasoning, stating that the split allows them to “supply batteries for both electric vehicles and energy storage systems not only to Ford but to a wider range of customers.”
This confirms that SK On didn’t want to be tied exclusively to Ford’s production volumes, which have been fluctuating wildly over the last year as the automaker adjusts its EV strategy. SK On explicitly mentioned expanding into the Energy Storage System (ESS) market,a sector that is booming right now, using the capacity at the Tennessee plant.
The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026.
This comes amid narratives of “slowing EV demand” from legacy automakers and a changing political landscape in the US that has introduced uncertainty following the end of federal incentives.
Electrek’s Take
This is a huge deal, and frankly, it smells like trouble for Ford’s original volume targets.
When you form a multi-billion-dollar JV, you do it to lock in supply and share the massive capital burden. Breaking it up less than four years later, before all the plants are even running, suggests that the original plan is effectively dead.
In short, it would suggest Ford does not want the battery capacity from the factory it gave to SK.
For SK On, this looks like a smart pivot. If Ford isn’t buying enough cells to fill the lines because they are delaying EV models or pivoting to hybrids, SK needs the freedom to sell those batteries to Hyundai, VW, or into the energy grid storage market, which is insatiable right now.
They basically just freed up 45 GWh of capacity in Tennessee to sell to whoever writes the biggest check.
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Another EV is reportedly on the chopping block from Hyundai’s US lineup. Here’s what we know so far.
Is Hyundai pulling the IONIQ 6 EV from the US?
The sporty “N” model may be the only IONIQ 6 trim Hyundai offers in the US for the 2026 model year. Hyundai confirmed the 2026 IONIQ 6 N will be “extremely limited” in the US, but has not offered any updates on the standard version.
Hyundai gave the electric fastback a major refresh for 2026, complete with a sharp new look, a bigger battery for more range, a refined interior, and more.
That sounds nice and all, but will we ever get to see it in the US? According to a report from Jalopnik, the IONIQ 6 N may be the only trim available next year.
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When asked whether the updated IONIQ 6 would be coming to the US, Hyundai said no updates were available at the moment. On Hyundai’s website, the 2026 IONIQ 6 is listed with “more details to come.”
The Hyundai IONIQ 6 N (Source: Hyundai)
Although the Hyundai brand has not scrapped any EVs from its US lineup, its luxury Genesis brand dropped the Electrified G80 and is shifting from initial plans for an all-electric lineup to launching its first hybrid and extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs).
Hyundai’s sister company, Kia, has indefinitely delayed the EV4 electric sedan and the high-performance EV9 GT for the US market.
2025 Hyundai IONIQ 6 Limited (Source: Hyundai)
Is the IONIQ 6 next? A Hyundai spokesperson told TheKoreanCarBlog there are currently no new updates on plans to bring the updated IONIQ 6 to the US. The high-performance N variant remains the only 2026 IONIQ N trim confirmed to launch.
Hyundai has yet to reveal prices for the 641 hp electric sports car, but given the 2025 IONIQ 5 N starts at $66,200, the IONIQ 6 N will likely be slightly more expensive.
With the 2026 models arriving at dealerships, Hyundai is offering a few deals worth checking out. The IONIQ 5 remains one of the most affordable EVs in the US, with leases starting at just $189 a month. You can use the links below to find available models by you.
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As promised, we are here in Palo Alto, California, live at Rivian’s inaugural AI and Autonomy day, which the American automaker has been teasing for a month now. The event was filled with numerous exciting updates, including new in-house technology, a new AI assistant, the addition of LiDAR, and a uniquely wrapped Rivian R2.
Today’s AI and Autonomy event has been on our radar since Rivian released its Q3 2025 financial report, back in early November. At the time, the American automaker shared it had recently founded a new AI-focused company called Mind Robotics, joining its recently launched e-bike brand, ALSO.
When Rivian’s comms team shared the news about Mind Robotics, it said not to bother asking any additional questions, as the company wasn’t sharing any other details at the time. Instead, more would be revealed at an upcoming event called Rivian’s AI and Autonomy Day, slotted for December 11, 2026.
Here we are, and if you’re reading this, Rivian’s livestream of the inaugural event is either happening or has recently taken place. In addition to AI news, Rivian shared a slew of exciting updates, including some new component integrations as the automaker joins the race to achieve full-fledged Level 4 autonomy someday.
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There’s a lot to unpack here, so let’s dig in.
An R2D2 themed R2, with LiDAR! / Source: Rivian
Rivian to deliver new AI and autonomy tech in early 2026
Since today’s event was partially an AI Day, let’s start there. To begin, it revealed a new Rivian Autonomy Processor (RAP1) and Gen 3 Autonomy Computer, powered by a new in-house silicon chip designed for vision-centric AI.
According to Rivian, RAP1 will power its Gen 3 Autonomy computer, called the Autonomy Compute Module 3, or “ACM3.” Here are some key specs:
1,600 sparse INT8 TOPS (Trillion Operations Per Second)
Processing power of 5 billion pixels per second
RAP1 features RivLink, a low-latency interconnect technology allowing chips to be connected and multiply processing power
RAP1 is enabled by an AI compiler and platform software developed in-house by Rivian
Rivian’s new AI Assistant / Source: Rivian
Additionally, AI plays a key role in Rivian’s business infrastructure and user experience through a shared, multi-modal, and multi-LLM data foundation it calls “Rivian Unified Intelligence” (RUI).
Rivian says RUI will integrate AI into diagnostics to assist techs and quickly identify “complex issues.”Rivian states that the AI platform will also aid in the development of powerful new features, enhance service infrastructure, and facilitate predictive maintenance.
A notable addition that stood out to me in this new architecture is the Rivian Assistant (pictured above), which we’ve learned will launch in early 2026 on Gen 1 and Gen 2 R1 vehicles. Here are some highlights, per Rivian:
Built on Rivian’s edge models to understand your vehicle, your digital life, and the world around you
Connects vehicle systems with third-party apps using an in-house agentic framework, with Google Calendar named as the first integration
Augmented by frontier large language models for grounded data, natural conversation and
powerful reasoning.
Now for the second part of Rivian’s special event – autonomy. This morning, Rivian shared details of its new Autonomy Platform as well as an end-to-end data loop used to train it. This Large Driving Model (LDM) is trained similarly to a Large Language Model (LLM), but programmed to achieve foundational autonomy, with the ultimate aim of reaching Level 4 self-driving capabilities.
The new LDM will gather ideal driving strategies from massive datasets using Group-Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and will then incorporate those techniques into a compatible Rivian vehicle. According to Rivian, those autonomy software enhancements will be rolled out to Gen 2 R1 models in the near future, unlocking Universal Hands-Free (UHF) driving capabilities for over 3.5 million miles of roads across the US and Canada. Check it out:
Universal Hands Free Driving! / Source: Rivian
To access this feature, Rivian has introduced an autonomy subscription called Autonomy+, launching in early 2026 for a one-time fee of $2,500 or a monthly payment of $49.99 to access the feature and its ongoing improvements.
Rivian hinted at some of those autonomy-centric improvements in the works for the Gen 2 R1 and R2 EVs, which include point-to-point, eyes-off, and personal Level 4 driving capabilities. Rivian founder and CEO, RJ Scaringe, spoke to the new tech debuting at AI and Autonomy Day:
I couldn’t be more excited for the work our teams are driving in autonomy and AI. Our updated hardware platform, which includes our in-house 1600 sparse TOPS inference chip, will enable us to achieve dramatic progress in self-driving to ultimately deliver on our goal of delivering L4. This represents an inflection point for the ownership experience – ultimately being able to give customers their time back when in the car.
Last but not least, the upcoming R2 made an appearance, cleverly “dressed” as R2D2 from Star Wars. What was more interesting, however, was that the R2 was equipped with a new piece of autonomy tech new to Rivian EVs – LiDAR.
That’s right; today, Rivian confirmed that it plans to integrate LiDAR into future R2 models, alongside the previously mentioned ACM3. Per Rivian:
LiDAR will augment the company’s multi-modal sensor strategy, providing detailed, three-dimensional spatial data and redundant sensing, and improving real-time detection for the edge cases of driving.
Here’s a peek at how it works:
Multi-Modal Sensors / Source: RivianVisual Comparisons including Camera, Radar, and LiDAR / Source: Rivian
How are we feeling? I know I just threw a lot of technical jargon at you, but here’s the gist – Rivian is continuing to develop, introduce, and integrate its own in-house technologies. Today’s was a purpose-built silicon chip and software-centric autonomy platform bolstered by AI.
LiDAR is likely to be introduced in R2 next year, and future models beyond that, and new autonomy capabilities are on the way (for a fee). That will include more hands-free-friendly routes around the US and Canada. Exciting stuff all around from Palo Alto.
Electrek’s take
While we will still need to see Rivian actually roll out these AI and autonomy technologies to owners for real-world use (and critique), it is exciting to see the American automaker not only deploying technologies like software-first autonomy platforms and silicon chips, but also developing them in-house.
Rivian is by no means the first to do so (Tesla introduced its FSD silicon chip years ago, and several Chinese automakers have followed suit). However, it’s still quite encouraging to see Rivian put a pony in the race to true, Level 4 self-driving.
I also find it interesting (while not surprising) that Rivian has chosen to integrate LiDAR into the R2 to support autonomy as part of its multi-modal approach discussed above. LiDAR remains a hot topic as Tesla still swears by vision cameras and has been joined by other recent converts, such as XPeng Motors. Meanwhile, most other OEMs still see LiDAR as the long-term best option, especially when paired with other sensors.
Rivian has opted for that same route to autonomy, and I can’t disagree with the decision. From a business standpoint, owning IP is a significant advantage, and it’s exciting to see Rivian continuing to develop such technological advancements internally, similar to other American EV brands like Tesla and Lucid.
Their focus on EVs not only promotes a sustainable future but also gives these companies more freedom to invest more heavily in one form of technology (BEVs) compared to legacy automakers, who must spread their R&D budgets across combustion, hybrid, PHEV, and BEV models.
Automakers like Rivian, Lucid, and Tesla have a few proprietary aces up their sleeves that they could one day wield toward other OEMs, whether that’s building and selling that hardware or software to them, or even licensing it. Take, for example, Rivian’s agreement with the Volkswagen Group, which includes EVs from Scout Motors.
Right now, I’m sure those brands are utilizing most of their technology in their own models, but developing their own motors, inverters, chips, and software platforms does have its advantages, whether that’s in Rivian EVs or other makes and models.
I’m personally excited to see Autonomy+ roll out to my Gen 2 R1S and will be sure to test the expanded Hands Free routes when I can. That’s all for now; thank you for reading.
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