Tesla and Waymo and currently on opposite sides of a back-and-forth regarding how to proceed with California’s autonomous ride-hailing rules, and Tesla’s filings paint a different picture of its “Robotaxi” system’s capabilities than its CEO Elon Musk has in his public statements.
Comments were filed this week in a proceeding with the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), which governs taxi-like services in California. The proceeding has asked questions of interested parties regarding how California should regulate autonomous ride-hailing services like Tesla Robotaxi and Waymo.
The specific questions causing the back-and-forth between the two companies, and other operators like Zoox and Uber, are about use of “level 2” driver assistance systems, and whether they should be regulated the same way as truly autonomous vehicles (AVs).
All driver automation systems can be ranked by the SAE’s “levels of driving automation,” which runs on a scale from 0-5. Most systems available on consumer vehicles are ranked as level 2 and still require an attentive driver at all times – this includes Tesla’s deceptively-named “Full Self-Driving” (FSD) system, which does not actually fully drive the car.
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There is one level 3 system available to consumers in California, Mercedes Drive Pilot, which allows drivers to take the eyes off the road in specific circumstances.
Waymo and other driverless rideshare programs are ranked as level 4, which doesn’t require anyone in the driver’s seat, but can only operate in certain circumstances. This usually takes the form of geofencing.
That hasn’t stopped Tesla from using Robotaxi branding to market its system in California, though. Tesla claims that it has a ride-hailing service “with Robotaxi technology” in the San Francisco Bay Area, despite that this “Robotaxi” is actually fully operating at level 2 – with a driver in the driver’s seat, holding the steering wheel (or not, if they fall asleep doing so), running the same level 2 FSD that any Tesla customer can run. It’s functionally no different than getting in an Uber with a Tesla driver who turns on FSD during the trip.
So, Tesla has a keen interest in this rulemaking procedure, because it’s currently running a level 2-based ride-hailing service in California, which Waymo is not.
And so, Tesla is arguing against tougher rules on the use of level 2 systems by ride-hailing services, because those would affect the business it’s currently running. And the reasoning Tesla gives is a little hypocritical considering its other public positions.
First, Tesla’s comment says that level 2 systems should be allowed to be used by ride-hailing companies, and thinks that “reasonable regulations” including driver training and more information to customers are agreeable.
But it goes on to oppose greater delineations between level 2 and fully autonomous systems, in particular a proposal by Uber that says the CPUC should regulate “misleading claims” on autonomous vehicles.
Tesla says that further regulations regarding misleading claims are unnecessary, as state law already covers misleading advertisements, and that the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) can bring enforcement on companies that violate those laws.
This is interesting coming from Tesla, given that Tesla is currently in trouble with the DMV regarding misleading self-driving claims. And despite this being the case for over four years now, Tesla not only continues to sell its “Full Self-Driving” system in California, it has also started the aforementioned “Robotaxi” service which still utilizes a driver in the driver seat.
Next, Tesla goes on to state that increased reporting requirements are unnecessary. Waymo thinks that quarterly reporting requirements for autonomous taxis should be extended to level 2 ride-hailing companies, and Tesla says that would be burdensome.
But elsewhere in its comments, Tesla treats it as a point of fact that level 2 systems are safer than human drivers alone, and therefore should be used as much as possible, including in taxis.
But, if it is true that they are safer, then wouldn’t reporting data on the systems’ use prove that? Currently, Tesla does release its own self-driving data, showing the systems are safer, but this data comes from Tesla alone, not from a third party. Regulating this reporting would mean another pair of eyes on it, which would make the data more trustworthy.
And, comically enough, another point Tesla makes against reporting requirements for level 2 systems is that it says requiring the same reporting for level 2 and level 4 AVs would “confuse consumers.” This, coming from the company that is currently operating a level 2 system, with a driver in it, which it calls both “Full Self-Driving” and “Robotaxi.”
Tesla even says, in its previous letter, that “almost 100% of [Tesla’s CA Robotaxi] rides engaged FSD (Supervised) at some point” (emphasis ours). This means that some percentage of “Robotaxi” rides don’t engage FSD at all, and many of the rest only engage it “at some point.”
So, per this filing, Tesla’s California “Robotaxi” is, explicitly, not an actual robotaxi, despite that Tesla and its CEO keep claiming publicly that it is.
We could get more data on exactly how often FSD gets engaged in these cars, but… Tesla is lobbying against those reporting requirements. Perhaps that shines a light on the company’s possible motivations here.
Tesla goes on to generally oppose other reporting requirements as well, including any expansion of greater education on the role of remote operators or on what circumstances an AV can operate in (geofencing, weather, construction, etc), stating that those would reveal trade secrets. But it also filed comments in support of allowing privately-owned vehicles to participate in autonomous ride-hailing services, an idea which Tesla originally called “Tesla Network” but as of yet has not rolled out.
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Tesla Cybertrucks freshly delivered to SpaceX via Nasa Space Flight on Youtube
As demand for the Cybertruck can’t reach more than about 10% of Tesla’s planned production capacity, Elon Musk used his privately owned company to try to boost demand.
We now learn that SpaceX has bought tens of millions of dollars’ worth of Cybertrucks – potentially over a hundred million.
Tesla actually planned to produce up to 250,000 Cybertrucks annually at the Gigafactory Texas. It never came even close to that.
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The automaker is extremely opaque about its sales data, bundling Model S, Model X, and Cybertruck sales together.
However, based on registration data and historical split of Model S/X sales, we can estimate that Tesla is having issues selling even 20,000 Cybertrucks per year – less than 10% of its planned capacity.
By definition, the Cybertruck is a commercial flop.
Tesla boasted over 1 million reservations for the vehicle ahead of production, but it is estimated to have converted only about 60,000 of those reservations into orders since production began more than 2 years ago.
There are many reasons for this, but it is primarily because the Cybertruck costs much more than initially announced at the unveiling in 2019 and has less range and fewer cool features than the prototype.
The Cybertruck was originally supposed to have a tailgate that doubles as a ramp. The production version is not equipped with that.
Now, a source familiar with the matter told Electrek that SpaceX bought over 1,000 Cybertrucks from Tesla and that it could ramp up to about 2,000 over time.
Hundreds of Cybertrucks can currently be seen parked in SpaceX’s lots in Southern Texas:
With a base price of $80,000, it would represent between $80 million and $160 million in sales.
It would be a significant help to Tesla’s performance in the fourth quarter, as the automaker is suffering from EV incentives ending in the US at the end of the third quarter, which remains Tesla’s most important market.
Electrek’s Take
SpaceX has been helping out Elon’s other companies quite a bit lately. It has reportedly committed to invest $2 billion into xAI, which is burning cash at an insane rate. Now, they are buying tens of millions to over a hundred million worth of Cybertruck, which are sitting in Tesla’s inventory, making its 4th quarter look even worse than it already is.
Can’t blame him here. This is legal. Although SpaceX investors might have concerns about how smart a purchase this is and what the utilization rate of those trucks looks like.
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Volkswagen’s upcoming family of smaller, more affordable EVs will not be offered with a gas-powered engine. Volkswagen brand boss Thomas Schäfer said small gas cars make no sense, urging “the future in this segment is electric.”
Volkswagen shifts from small gas cars to EVs
During an interview with Auto Motor und Sport (via Ecomento), Schäfer explained that “Offering new gasoline-powered models in the Polo class and below makes no sense in light of future emissions regulations.”
The comments come as the German auto giant prepares to launch its new family of mass-market electric cars, starting with the ID.Polo in Spring 2026.
“The future in this segment is electric,” Schäfer urged, adding that new gas cars would be “too expensive,” and wouldn’t make any sense.
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With the Polo-sized electric car due out next year, the report suggests Volkswagen’s upcoming entry-level EVs will not get any sister models with a gas engine. Although the VW brand CEO didn’t say exactly how long it plans to continue selling ICE versions of the Polo and T-Cross, local reports suggest it could still be until 2030.
The Volkswagen ID.Polo EV (Source: Volkswagen)
As for hydrogen-powered cars, Schäfer called them “a sham discussion” for the volume segment. “There simply isn’t enough green hydrogen, the fuel cell is far too expensive, and the technology isn’t efficient either,” he said.
“The only way to quickly decarbonize mass-market cars is through electric drive,” according to Schäfer. The ID.Polo is kicking off a new generation of Volkswagen as its first EV to bear an established brand name.
Volkswagen brand CEO Thomas Schäfer and the ID.Cross affordable electric SUV concept (Source: Volkswagen AG)
Volkswagen is set to launch the Polo EV in Europe next Spring, starting at around €25,000 ($30,000). The electric version of the T-Cross, the ID.Cross will follow it in mid-2026. Volkswagen has yet to reveal prices, but the ID.Cross is slated to sit below the ID.4, which starts at around €35,000 ($41,000).
Both will be based on VW’s new MEB+ platform, set to underpin Volkswagen’s upcoming entry-level EV series. An even smaller, lower-priced ID.1 is due out in 2027, which will serve as a replacement for the e-UP!.
Electrek’s Take
Finally, a global OEM has the right idea. Volkswagen appears to be finally on the right path with its new entry-level EV lineup.
Schäfer is correct. Small gas-powered cars don’t have a future, but it’s not just because of stricter emissions rules. Buyers are looking for smaller, more efficient electric vehicles.
Through the first 10 months of the year, electric vehicles accounted for 16.4% of vehicle registrations in Europe, up from 13.2% in October 2024.
Chinese and Korean brands, such as BYD, Kia, and Hyundai, are seeing early success in Europe with mass-market EVs like the Dolphin Surf, EV3, and Hyundai Inster EV. Volkswagen looks to grab its share with the ID.Polo and ID.Cross arriving in 2026.
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Rivian has just shared details of its latest over-the-air software update 2025.46, which includes some of the new features announced during its recent AI and Autonomy event last week. The update features a new digital key function for Gen 2 R1 owners, “flavorful” drive styles, kick turns, tuning, and, of course, Rivian’s new Universal Hands-Free driving capabilities.
There’s a lot to unfold with the 2025.46 software update, so we’ll provide a quick recap of our visit to Rivian’s Palo Alto facilities last week for its inaugural AI and Autonomy Day. During the exclusive event, Rivian executives, like founder and CEO RJ Scaringe, unveiled the company’s new in-house designed silicon chip, which will help power its new dedicated autonomy platform.
In addition to adding LiDAR to the upcoming R2 models, Rivian shared plans to expand its Enhanced Highway Assist ADAS to support Universal Hands-Free driving. That includes expanded availability of the feature from 135,000 miles to over 3.5 million miles of roads across the US and Canada.
According to Rivian, this availability is expected to start rolling out in early 2026. However, it appears the process is now underway with its latest software update, which includes a slew of other noteworthy upgrades.
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Source: Rivian
2025.46 includes Rivian’s Universal Hands-Free driving
According to a blog post from Rivian this morning, a key rollout in its end-of-the-year software update is Universal Hands-Free driving, which significantly expands the number of roads on which R1 owners can engage the driving assist feature.
With update 2025.46, Gen 2 drivers can engage Universal Hands-Free on virtually any road where lane lines are clearly marked. Note that this is not a full autonomy feature (yet), so Hand-Free cannot slow or stop at lights or stop signs.
Speaking of autonomy, Rivian is introducing three new Drive Styles for its assisted driving features, including Universal Hands-Free, Highway Assist, Adaptive Cruise Control, and Lane Change on Command. After the update, R1 owners will be able to choose their “spice level” of autonomous functions:
Mild: A relaxed style with more gap distance and more gradual lane changes.
Medium: A balanced style to manage cut-ins and accelerate with traffic flow.
Spicy: A more dynamic style with a tighter gap distance and quicker steering during lane changes.
Source: Rivian
Another significant bonus, in addition to Universal Hands-Free, is Rivian’s new Digital Key feature for Gen 2 R1 owners. Following the 2025.46 update, owners will now be able to add their R1S or R1T key to their digital wallet on iPhone, Apple Watch, Google Pixel, or Samsung devices. Digital Key provides an additional means of easy access to your EV, as well as the ability to share keys with family and friends.
Other features in software update 2025.46 include a new way to view the Driver Display for both Gen 1 and Gen 2 R1 owners. Per Rivian:
Gen 2 drivers can now switch between the Autonomy view, which shows surrounding lanes and vehicles, and the Maps and Navigation view on the driver display. Gen 1 drivers can switch between the Driver Assistance view, which shows vehicles and objects up ahead, and the Maps and Navigation view on the driver display. Press the right thumbwheel on the steering wheel to swap.
Here’s an example:
Source: Rivian
Last but not least, Rivian is introducing some exciting new features for R1 Quad owners. Software update 2025.46 includes a new tuner screen from the Rivian Adventure Department (RAD) – “a team of engineers, software developers, and designers who create and test features that push the boundaries of our vehicles.”
The RAD Tuner (seen below) was initially used by teams at Rebelle Rally and Pikes Peak, but is now available to Gen 2 Quad owners. Those drivers will be able to tune beyond Rivian’s factory presets and customize the vehicle’s behavior to their preferences and/or the terrain. Touch sliders control custom, savable drive modes that include factors such as acceleration, torque balance, and stability.
In addition to RAD Tuning, Rivian’s latest software update also includes the ability for Gen 2 Quad drivers to perform Kick Turns. Per the blog post:
Turn makes it easier to steer in tight off-road conditions while moving at speeds under 15 mph (24 km/h). It works by controlling the power and tire grip, letting the vehicle spin about its center, even when it’s moving. You can now make tighter turns with just a simple button press. When you engage Kick Turn, your R1 Quad smartly adjusts the power to the inside wheels, slowing them down or even reversing them. This precise control over wheel slip ensures your vehicle turns exactly as quickly and smoothly as you intend.
Electrek‘s Seth Weintraub tested it out in Lake Tahoe earlier this year, and it’s absolutely incredible. Check it out:
I have a Gen 2 R1S, so I’m looking forward to Universal Hands-Free rolling out so I can test it and report back. Stay tuned. If you haven’t test-driven a Rivian yet, I highly recommend doing so. You can schedule a demo drive at your nearest Rivian Space here.
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