This week, Daimler Truck and Linde Engineering presented sLH2, a jointly developed refueling technology for sub-cooled liquid hydrogen – and they’ve made the technology openly available to anyone who wants it.
Engineers from both Daimler and Linde have co-developed sLH2, a new process for handling and storing sub-cooled liquid hydrogen – an approach that allows for a higher hydrogen storage density, faster refueling, and superior energy efficiency than gaseous hydrogen. The best part? sLH2 can do all of that for less money than “conventional” hydrogen solutions. That’s less money both in terms of operational costs and infrastructure investment compared to gaseous hydrogen – coming in at about 1/5th and 1/2, respectively.
Compared to regular liquid hydrogen (LH2) refueling technology, the new process uses a new innovative sLH2 pump to slightly increase the pressure of the liquid hydrogen. With this method, the hydrogen becomes subcooled liquid hydrogen (sLH2). Hydrogen in this state, facilitates a very robust fueling process that also keeps energy losses during refueling to a minimum. Furthermore, no data transmission between the refueling station and vehicle is necessary, which further reduces the complexity of the solution. At the same time, refueling capacity is increased to new levels. The pilot refueling station has a capacity of 400 kg of liquid hydrogen per hour. In comparison to regular liquid or gaseous hydrogen refueling concepts, sLH2 is considerably simpler while delivering increased performance.
If that’s true, it’s a huge step towards making hydrogen a more practical alternative to diesel in the over-the-road trucking space. Another huge step? 1000 km of range (~620 miles) is available from 80 kg of hydrogen, which can be pumped into the Mercedes-badged, 80,000 lb. OTR semi in less than 15 minutes.
Open-source hydrogen refueling tech
The new public sLH2 refueling station in Wörth am Rhein, Germany, sets a benchmark in terms of energy efficiency and performance. With energy consumption of only 0.05 KWh/kg, it requires approximately 30 times less energy compared with conventional gaseous hydrogen refueling. The refueling station has a small footprint of just 50 square meters (not including the dispenser) and allows for configurations where several dispensers for parallel refueling of trucks are possible, as well as back-to-back refueling.
“Zero-emission transport needs three factors: the right battery-electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles, the required infrastructure network and cost parity for ZEVs compared to diesel trucks,” Andreas Gorbach, Member of the Board of Management of Daimler Truck AG responsible for Truck Technology. “In terms of vehicles, the transformation is in full swing. In terms of hydrogen infrastructure, we are reaching a major milestone today: With sLH2, hydrogen refueling becomes as convenient as today’s refueling with diesel … we now call on other OEMs and infrastructure companies to follow our approach and jointly make this technology an industry standard.”
Daimler and Linde have standardized the sLH2 tech in an open ISO process that’s available to all interested parties. Now, Daimler Truck and Linde Engineering are calling on other OEMs, infrastructure companies and associations to apply the new liquid hydrogen standard.
What happens next is anyone’s guess.
Electrek’s Take
Hydrogen is dead in the water when it comes to passenger cars, but the same isn’t obviously true on the heavy equipment side of things, where thousands of kWhs’ worth of work needs to be done day-in and day-out and the energy density of batteries just isn’t yet there. Despite that, hydrogen’s heavy costs – both carbon and monetary – have kept it an impractical option.
Elon Musk said today that Tesla will double its electric vehicle production in the US in the next two years.
What would that look like? Let’s do the math.
Today, during a press conference to promote Tesla at the White House, Tesla CEO Elon Musk said the following:
“As a function of the great policies of President Trump and his administration, and as an act of faith in America, Tesla is going to double vehicle output in the United States within the next two years.”
This raises many questions, as Musk’s phrasing of the statement suggests that Tesla is planning to add previously unannounced production capacity in response to Trump’s policies.
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However, the reality could be different.
What is Tesla’s current production capacity in the US?
We only know Tesla’s installed capacity, which is much different than its actual production rate.
This is Tesla’s latest disclosed global production capacity at the end of 2024:
Region
Model
Capacity
Status
California
Model S / Model X
100,000
Production
Model 3 / Model Y
>550,000
Production
Shanghai
Model 3 / Model Y
>950,000
Production
Berlin
Model Y
>375,000
Production
Texas
Model Y
>250,000
Production
Cybertruck
>125,000
Production
Cybercab
—
In development
Nevada
Tesla Semi
—
Pilot production
TBD
Roadster
—
In development
In the US, it adds up to 1,025,000 vehicles per year.
In reality, Tesla’s factories are operating at a much lower capacity.
Based on sales and inventory from 2024, Tesla is currently building fewer than 50,000 Model S/X vehicles per year compared to an installed capacity of 100,000 units.
As for Model 3 and Model Y, Tesla is currently building them in the US at a rate of about 600,000 units per year compared to claimed installed capacity of over 800,000 units.
Finally, the Cybertruck is being produced at a rate of less than 50,000 units per year compared to an installed capacity of over 125,000 units.
This adds up to Tesla producing 700,000 units per year in the US in 2024.
What will be Tesla’s new capacity?
Considering Musk mentioned that it will happen “within the next two years”, it is unlikely that he is referring to installed capacity.
The CEO is most likely talking about Tesla’s actual production, which would also make sense, especially considering he mentioned “output.”
Tesla currently outputs roughly 700,000 vehicles per year in the US.
Doubling that would mean bringing the total to 1.4 million units per year, which would be an incredible feat, but it’s not entirely a new plan for Tesla.
First off, Tesla has already announced plans to unveil two new, more affordable models this year. These models are going to be built on the same production lines as Model 3/Y, which would potentially enable Tesla to fully utilize its installed capacity for those vehicles.
That’s another 200,000 units already.
As already mentioned in Tesla’s installed capacity table, the company is currently developing its production facility for the Tesla Semi electric truck in Nevada.
Production is expected to start later this year and ramp up next year. Tesla has previously mentioned a goal of 50,000 units per year. It would leave Tesla roughly a year and half to ramp up to this capacity, which is ambitious, but not impossible.
Then there’s the “Cybercab”, which was unveiled last year.
The Cybercab is going to use Tesla’s next-gen vehicle platform and new manufacturing system, which is already being deployed at Gigafactory Texas.
Production is expected to start in 2026, and Musk has mentioned a production capacity of “at least 2 million units per year”. However, he said that this would likely come from more than one factory and it’s unclear if the other factory would be in the US.
Either way, Tesla would need to ramp up Cybercab production in the US to 450,000 units to make Musk’s announcement correct.
It’s fair to note that all of this was part of Tesla’s plans before the US elections, Trump’s coming into power, or the implementation of any policies whatsoever.
Electrek’s Take
Based on my analysis, this announcement is nothing new. It’s just a reiteration of Elon’s plans for Tesla in the US, which were established long before Trump came to power or even before Elon officially backed Trump.
It’s just more “corporate puffery” as Elon’s lawyers would say.
Also, if I wasn’t clear, we are only talking about production here. I doubt Tesla will have the demand for that, especially if Elon remains involved with the company.
The Cybercab doesn’t even have a steering wheel, and if Tesla doesn’t solve self-driving, it will be hard to justify producing 450,000 units per year.
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The average incentive package for a new EV was 14.8% of the average transaction price (ATP), or approximately $8,162, the highest level in more than five years, according to the latest monthly new-vehicle ATP report from Cox Automotive’s Kelley Blue Book.
Incentives for EVs are more than twice the overall market. A year ago, EV incentives were 10.2%. EV incentives, as a percentage of ATP, have increased by 44% in the past year.
In February, at $55,273, new EV prices were lower by 1.2% from January – generally aligned with the industry – and higher by 3.7% year-over-year. The January EV ATP was revised higher by 0.06% to $55,929.
Compared to the overall industry ATP of $48,039, EV ATPs in February were higher by 15.1%, an increase from the 14.9% gap recorded in January.
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EV market leader Tesla increased ATPs by 1.8% year-over-year in February to $53,248 but decreased by 3.7% month-over-month from $55,315. Model 3, Model Y, and Cybertruck posted price declines in February compared to January; Model S and Model X saw month-over-month increases.
As sales cooled, the Cybertruck ATP in February dropped by more than 10% from January to an estimated $87,554.
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Donald Trump, the President of the United States, performed what basically amounts to an infomercial at the White House for Tesla, a company controlled by his biggest political donor, a day after its stock crashed.
Yesterday, Tesla’s stock crashed 15% – resulting in a 50% drop from its peak in December.
He has apparently followed through today, but he went a quite a bit further as he held a press conference in front of Tesla vehicles at the White House:
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The President, who has previously shared misinformation about electric vehicles being “unusable,” praised Tesla’s vehicles and said that he would be buying a Model S Plaid.
He is not allowed to drive, so he said that he would let White House staff use the vehicle instead.
Tesla’s stock (TSLA) rose up 5% on the publicity stunt today, but it closed up 3.8% compared to being down 15% yesterday.
Electrek’s Take
When I write those headlines, I feel like I’m running The Onion in an alternative universe where satire is the reality.
But you can’t accuse me of “clickbaiting” because this headline is actually accurate.
For years, Trump has been one of the biggest promoters of misinformation about electric vehicles in the US. We have often reported on the ridiculous things he has said about them.
That hasn’t changed. In fact, Trump is still pushing hard against electric vehicles. We recently reported on Trump shutting down 8,000 EV chargers at federal buildings and he is pushing to remove the tax credit on electric vehicles.
This is purely transactional. Elon gave him $250 million, so now that Tesla’s stock is in free fall, he gives him a boost.
Like his Bitcoin pump, it isn’t likely to work. My hope is that it will at least help open the minds of some of his fans to electric vehicles, but I have doubts.
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