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The machine digging HS2’s longest tunnel has completed its 10-mile journey under the Chiltern Hills, almost three years after it started.

Dubbed Florence – after the nurse Florence Nightingale – the machine was greeted with fireworks and cheers from hundreds of HS2 workers on Tuesday.

Florence was launched in May 2021 near Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, and set off on a 10-mile journey underground before emerging in South Heath, Buckinghamshire.

Workers see Florence the boring machine at the other end of the Chiltern Tunnel - 10 miles long. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

The boring machine Florence after digging a 10-mile tunnel for HS2. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

It finished one of a pair of tunnels – at a depth of up to 80 metres – that will be used for HS2 trains travelling between London and Birmingham.

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The second tunnel is set to be finished within the coming weeks.

Workers look on as Florence finishes digging the Chiltern Tunnel. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

The Chiltern Tunnel breakthrough site. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

Described as an “underground factory” by HS2 Ltd, Florence ran with a crew of around 17 people working in shifts to keep it running constantly.

During its journey, the machine excavated the tunnel, lined it with 56,000 pre-cast concrete segments and grouted them into position, moving at an average speed of 16 metres per day.

After completing its mission, the machine will now be dismantled over the coming weeks.

Some large parts will be reused in other tunnel boring machines, but much of the machine – with a diameter of 10.25 metres – will be scrapped.

A worker takes a selfie after Florence finishes breaking through the Chiltern Hills. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

The boring machine Florence after digging a 10-mile tunnel for HS2. Pic: PA
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Pic: PA

Rail minister Huw Merriman said after the tunnel was completed: “This ground-breaking moment for HS2 demonstrates significant progress on the country’s largest infrastructure project, with Florence paving the way for faster, greener journeys between London and Birmingham while supporting hundreds of jobs and apprenticeships along the way.

“Today’s breakthrough of HS2’s longest tunnel highlights the momentum behind the project and the achievement is testament to the hard work and dedication of the 450-strong team helping deliver the line that will transform rail travel for generations to come.”

Florence's front shield being mounted near Old Oak Common in west London, on 10 October 2023. File pic: PA
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A tunnel boring machine’s front shield being mounted near Old Oak Common, on 10 October 2023. File pic: PA

Preparations for the launch of two more machines to excavate tunnels between Old Oak Common and Euston in the capital is also under way.

Four similar machines are being used for tunnels on the approach to London, while another two will work on Birmingham’s Bromford tunnel.

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The three million cubic metres of chalk and other material removed by Florence will be used for a grassland restoration project in Rickmansworth.

Construction for HS2 at Curzon Street, Birmingham, on 4 November 2023. File pic: PA
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Construction for HS2 at Curzon Street, Birmingham, on 4 November 2023. File pic: PA

Construction work continues on the HS2 line in Water Orton near Birmingham. File pic: PA
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Construction work on the HS2 line in Water Orton near Birmingham, on 15 February 2024. File pic: PA

In January, HS2 Ltd executive chairman Sir Jon Thompson said the cost of building HS2 between London and Birmingham could reach nearly £67bn – almost double an early projection for the entire original project.

Now only reaching Birmingham after Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced the northern leg of the project would be scrapped in 2023, the new estimate is nearly double what the high-speed network was expected to cost in 2013, when it had a price tag of £37.5bn.

The Public Accounts Committee also warned this month that the new plan to build HS2 between London and Birmingham but not extend it to Manchester will be “very poor value for money“.

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Crypto to become UAE’s second-biggest sector in 5 years — Institutional investor

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Crypto to become UAE’s second-biggest sector in 5 years — Institutional investor

Crypto to become UAE’s second-biggest sector in 5 years — Institutional investor

The crypto industry is set to experience massive growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to its pro-tech and business regulations.

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Blockchain security must localize to stop Asia’s crypto crime wave

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Blockchain security must localize to stop Asia’s crypto crime wave

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Without localized risk detection and public–private cooperation, illicit capital will continue to flow unchecked, and trust in the system will collapse.

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Thousands more Afghans affected by second data breach, ministers say

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Thousands more Afghans affected by second data breach, ministers say

Thousands more Afghan nationals may have been affected by another data breach, the government has said.

Up to 3,700 Afghans brought to the UK between January and March 2024 have potentially been impacted as names, passport details and information from the Afghan Relocations and Assistance Policy has been compromised again, this time by a breach on a third party supplier used by the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

This was not an attack directly on the government but a cyber security incident on a sub-contractor named Inflite – The Jet Centre – an MoD supplier that provides ground handling services for flights at London Stansted Airport.

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July: UK spies exposed in Afghan data breach

The flights were used to bring Afghans to the UK, travel to routine military exercises, and official engagements. It was also used to fly British troops and government officials.

Those involved were informed of it on Friday afternoon by the MoD, marking the second time information about Afghan nationals relocated to the UK has been compromised.

It is understood former Tory ministers are also affected by the hack.

Earlier this year, it emerged that almost 7,000 Afghan nationals would have to be relocated to the UK following a massive data breach by the British military that successive governments tried to keep secret with a super-injunction.

Defence Secretary John Healey offered a “sincere apology” for the first data breach in a statement to the House of Commons, saying he was “deeply concerned about the lack of transparency” around the data breach, adding: “No government wishes to withhold information from the British public, from parliamentarians or the press in this manner.”

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July: Afghan interpreter ‘betrayed’ by UK govt

The previous Conservative government set up a secret scheme in 2023 to relocate Afghan nationals impacted by the data breach, but who were not eligible for an existing programme to relocate and help people who had worked for the British government in Afghanistan.

The mistake exposed personal details of close to 20,000 individuals, endangering them and their families, with as many as 100,000 people impacted in total.

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A government spokesperson said of Friday’s latest breach: “We were recently notified that a third party sub-contractor to a supplier experienced a cyber security incident involving unauthorised access to a small number of its emails that contained basic personal information.

“We take data security extremely seriously and are going above and beyond our legal duties in informing all potentially affected individuals. The incident has not posed any threat to individuals’ safety, nor compromised any government systems.”

In a statement, Inflite – The Jet Centre confirmed the “data security incident” involving “unauthorised access to a limited number of company emails”.

“We have reported the incident to the Information Commissioner’s Office and have been actively working with the relevant UK cyber authorities, including the National Crime Agency and the National Cyber Security Centre, to support our investigation and response,” it said.

“We believe the scope of the incident was limited to email accounts only, however, as a precautionary measure, we have contacted our key stakeholders whose data may have been affected during the period of January to March 2024.”

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